Effect of Preheating on Firing Behavior of a Spark-Ignition Methanol-Fueled Engine during Cold Start

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 5394-5400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Changming Gong ◽  
Yan Su ◽  
Huili Dou ◽  
Xunjun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cold Start ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Firing Behavior

Investigation on Firing Behavior of the Spark-Ignition Engine Fueled with Methanol, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), and Methanol/LPG During Cold Start

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3779-3784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changming Gong ◽  
Baoqing Deng ◽  
Shu Wang ◽  
Yan Su ◽  
Qing Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Start ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Firing Behavior

Cold-start performance of an ammonia-fueled spark ignition engine with an on-board fuel reformer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Koike ◽  
Tetsunori Suzuoki ◽  
Tadashi Takeuchi ◽  
Takayuki Homma ◽  
Satoshi Hariu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Start ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine

scholarly journals Emissions of reactive nitrogen compounds (RNCs) from two vehicles with turbo-charged spark ignition engines over cold start driving cycles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Woodburn
Keyword(s):  
Cold Start ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Automotive Market ◽  
Driving Cycles

This paper reviews the emissions of reactive nitrogen compounds (RNCs) from modern vehicles fitted with spark ignition en-gines and three-way catalysts. Specific aspects of the pollutants involved – and their formation – are discussed. Cold start driving cycles are scenarios under which emissions of all four RNCs can be significant; the mechanisms behind emissions trends are ex-plored. Experimental data obtained from two vehicles tested over two different cold start driving cycles are presented and analysed. The use of gravimetric and molar metrics are explored. Ammonia, a species which is currently not regulated for passenger cars in any automotive market, is identified as forming the majority of the RNC emissions over the entire driving cycle. While ammonia emissions are strongly linked to aftertreatment system warmup and periods of high load, significant ammonia emissions were also measured under certain hot-running, low load conditions, and even at idle. For the majority of the duration of the test procedures employed, the RNC profile was dominated by ammonia, which accounted for between 69% and 86% of measured RNCs in the ex-haust gas. Emissions are compared to the available legislative precedents (i.e. emissions limits currently in force in various jurisdic-tions). Finally, possibilities for control of exhaust emissions of currently unregulated RNCs are briefly discussed.

Effects of injection parameters on the amount of wall-wet fuel in a port-fuel-injected spark-ignition engine during cold start

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-198
Author(s):  
Mikiya Araki ◽  
Katsuya Sakairi ◽  
Takashi Kuribara ◽  
Juan C González Palencia ◽  
Seiichi Shiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Stokes Number ◽  
Liquid Films ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Two Parameters

In a four-stroke cycle port-fuel-injected spark-ignition engine, a significant portion of unburned hydrocarbons is exhausted during the short period of cold start. The aim of this study is to investigate the physics behind the wall-wet phenomena and its determining parameter as simply as possible even though qualitative to some extent. The test engine is driven at a constant speed of 350 r/min. The fuel injection starts at a certain cycle, and the cycles required for the first ignition is counted. Three gasoline injectors having different atomization characteristics are used for port fuel injection, and the droplet size, the spray angle and the spray velocity are varied independently. The fuel transport phenomena from the injector to the cylinder are characterized by only two parameters, α and β, the mass fraction of the fuel without wall-wet and the mass fraction of the evaporated fuel from liquid films on walls. They are determined so that all the first ignition cycles observed experimentally are consistently reproduced by the model. The value of α is successfully determined for every single injector, and it increases monotonously with the decrease in the Stokes number.

Improving computational fluid dynamics modeling of Direct Injection Spark Ignition cold-start

2020 ◽  
pp. 146808742096398
Author(s):  
Arun C Ravindran ◽  
Sage L Kokjohn ◽  
Benjamin Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Flame Front ◽  
Turbulent Kinetic Energy ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Direct Injection Spark Ignition

Developing a profound understanding of the combustion characteristics of the cold-start phase of a Direct Injection Spark Ignition (DISI) engine is critical to meeting increasingly stringent emissions regulations. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling of gasoline DISI combustion under normal operating conditions has been discussed in detail using both the detailed chemistry approach and flamelet models (e.g. the G-Equation). However, there has been little discussion regarding the capability of the existing models to capture DISI combustion under cold-start conditions. Accurate predictions of cold-start behavior involves the efficient use of multiple models - spray modeling to capture the split injection strategies, models to capture the wall-film interactions, ignition modeling to capture the effects of retarded spark timings, combustion modeling to accurately capture the flame front propagation, and turbulence modeling to capture the effects of decaying turbulent kinetic energy. The retarded spark timing helps to generate high heat flux in the exhaust for the faster catalyst light-off during cold-start. However, the adverse effect is a reduced turbulent flame speed due to decaying turbulent kinetic energy. Accordingly, developing an understanding of the turbulence-chemistry interactions is imperative for accurate modeling of combustion under cold-start conditions. In the present work, combustion characteristics during the cold-start, fast-idle phase is modeled using the G-Equation flamelet model and the RANS turbulence model. The challenges associated with capturing the turbulent-chemistry interactions are explained by tracking the flame front travel along the Borghi-Peters regime diagram. In this study, a modified version of the G-Equation combustion model for capturing cold-start flame travel is presented.

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