Stability and Performance of Ruthenium Catalysts Based on Refractory Oxide Supports in Supercritical Water Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 4739-4747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemma Zöhrer ◽  
Franziska Mayr ◽  
Frédéric Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Ruthenium Catalysts ◽  
Refractory Oxide ◽  
Oxide Supports ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
And Performance

Hydrogen production from cellulose, lignin, bark and model carbohydrates in supercritical water using nickel and ruthenium catalysts

2012 ◽  
Vol 117-118 ◽  
pp. 330-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooya Azadi ◽  
Sami Khan ◽  
Friederike Strobel ◽  
Faraz Azadi ◽  
Ramin Farnood
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Ruthenium Catalysts

Flameless incineration of pyrene under sub-critical and supercritical water conditions

Fuel ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jude A. Onwudili ◽  
Paul T. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Water Conditions

scholarly journals Sub- and Supercritical Water Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin and Black Liquor Derived Lignin

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Lappalainen ◽  
David Baudouin ◽  
Ursel Hornung ◽  
Julia Schuler ◽  
Kristian Melin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Alkali Salts

To mitigate global warming, humankind has been forced to develop new efficient energy solutions based on renewable energy sources. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technology that can efficiently produce bio-oil from several biomass sources. The HTL process uses sub- or supercritical water for producing bio-oil, water-soluble organics, gaseous products and char. Black liquor mainly contains cooking chemicals (mainly alkali salts) lignin and the hemicellulose parts of the wood chips used for cellulose digestion. This review explores the effects of different process parameters, solvents and catalysts for the HTL of black liquor or black liquor-derived lignin. Using short residence times under near- or supercritical water conditions may improve both the quality and the quantity of the bio-oil yield. The quality and yield of bio-oil can be further improved by using solvents (e.g., phenol) and catalysts (e.g., alkali salts, zirconia). However, the solubility of alkali salts present in black liquor can lead to clogging problem in the HTL reactor and process tubes when approaching supercritical water conditions.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Potassium Hexatitanates under Subcritical and Supercritical Water Conditions and Its Application in Photocatalysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 842-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosiyah Binti Yahya ◽  
Hiromichi Hayashi ◽  
Takako Nagase ◽  
Takeo Ebina ◽  
Yoshio Onodera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Water Conditions

Neutronic and Thermo-Hydraulic Analyses of Water-Cooled Blanket Based on Pressurized/Supercritical Water Conditions for CFETR

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Cheng ◽  
Yingwei Wu ◽  
G. H. Su ◽  
Suizheng Qiu ◽  
Wenxi Tian
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Tokamak Reactor ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Neutron Multiplier ◽  
Test Reactor

China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) is a test tokamak reactor being designed in China to bridge the gap between International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) and future fusion power plant. As one of the candidates, a water-cooled solid breeder blanket based on pressurized water and supercritical water conditions were proposed. In the concept, multiplying layers separated by three breeding layers were designed and optimized for higher tritium breeding ratio (TBR) and uniform heat distribution. This blanket adopts the Li2TiO3 lithium ceramic pebbles as the breeder, while beryllium pebbles as the neutron multiplier. In this paper, the thermal and fluid dynamic analyses of the optimized blanket on both water conditions were performed by numerical simulation, to discuss thermo-hydraulic performance of the blanket using pressurized water/supercritical water as its coolant. At first, the neutronic analysis was performed and based on the typical outboard equatorial blanket. Then, thermal and fluid dynamic analysis of the 3D model was carried out by CFX with fluid–solid coupling approach. It was found that the blanket can be effectively cooled on both water conditions, certified the feasibility of the blanket design with pressurized/supercritical water conditions. It indicated that supercritical water blanket had smaller safety margin than pressurized water blanket, but supercritical water blanket would lead to higher outlet temperature, thermal conductivity, and heat exchange efficiency also. In addition, the beryllium fraction was considered as one of the dominant factor, which leading a higher TBR in our simulations.

Conversion of fern (Pteris vittata L.) biomass from a phytoremediation trial in sub- and supercritical water conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 872-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Carrier ◽  
Anne Loppinet-Serani ◽  
Christelle Absalon ◽  
Frédéric Marias ◽  
Cyril Aymonier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Pteris Vittata ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Pteris Vittata L
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