Hydrothermal Synthesis of Potassium Hexatitanates under Subcritical and Supercritical Water Conditions and Its Application in Photocatalysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 842-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosiyah Binti Yahya ◽  
Hiromichi Hayashi ◽  
Takako Nagase ◽  
Takeo Ebina ◽  
Yoshio Onodera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Water Conditions

scholarly journals Hydrothermal Synthesis of Potassium Hexatitanate Photocatalyst under Supercritical Water Conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiya HAKUTA ◽  
Kazunori SHIMOYACHI ◽  
Hiromichi HAYASHI ◽  
Kunio ARAI
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Potassium Hexatitanate

Flameless incineration of pyrene under sub-critical and supercritical water conditions

Fuel ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jude A. Onwudili ◽  
Paul T. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Water Conditions

scholarly journals Sub- and Supercritical Water Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin and Black Liquor Derived Lignin

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Lappalainen ◽  
David Baudouin ◽  
Ursel Hornung ◽  
Julia Schuler ◽  
Kristian Melin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Alkali Salts

To mitigate global warming, humankind has been forced to develop new efficient energy solutions based on renewable energy sources. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technology that can efficiently produce bio-oil from several biomass sources. The HTL process uses sub- or supercritical water for producing bio-oil, water-soluble organics, gaseous products and char. Black liquor mainly contains cooking chemicals (mainly alkali salts) lignin and the hemicellulose parts of the wood chips used for cellulose digestion. This review explores the effects of different process parameters, solvents and catalysts for the HTL of black liquor or black liquor-derived lignin. Using short residence times under near- or supercritical water conditions may improve both the quality and the quantity of the bio-oil yield. The quality and yield of bio-oil can be further improved by using solvents (e.g., phenol) and catalysts (e.g., alkali salts, zirconia). However, the solubility of alkali salts present in black liquor can lead to clogging problem in the HTL reactor and process tubes when approaching supercritical water conditions.

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