N2O Emissions and Water Management in California Perennial Crops

2011 ◽  
pp. 227-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Smart ◽  
M. Mar Alsina ◽  
Michael W. Wolff ◽  
Michael G. Matiasek ◽  
Daniel L. Schellenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Perennial Crops

scholarly journals Early season N<sub>2</sub>O emissions under variable water management in rice systems: source-partitioning emissions using isotope ratios along a depth profile

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Verhoeven ◽  
Matti Barthel ◽  
Longfei Yu ◽  
Luisella Celi ◽  
Daniel Said-Pullicino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Isotope Ratio ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Site Preference ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Mixing Models ◽  
N2o Reduction ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Soil Redox Potential ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying

Abstract. Soil moisture strongly affects the balance between nitrification, denitrification and N2O reduction and therefore the nitrogen (N) efficiency and N losses in agricultural systems. In rice systems, there is a need to improve alternative water management practices, which are designed to save water and reduce methane emissions but may increase N2O and decrease nitrogen use efficiency. In a field experiment with three water management treatments, we measured N2O isotope ratios of emitted and pore air N2O (δ15N, δ18O and site preference, SP) over the course of 6 weeks in the early rice growing season. Isotope ratio measurements were coupled with simultaneous measurements of pore water NO3-, NH4+, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), water-filled pore space (WFPS) and soil redox potential (Eh) at three soil depths. We then used the relationship between SP × δ18O-N2O and SP × δ15N-N2O in simple two end-member mixing models to evaluate the contribution of nitrification, denitrification and fungal denitrification to total N2O emissions and to estimate N2O reduction rates. N2O emissions were higher in a dry-seeded + alternate wetting and drying (DS-AWD) treatment relative to water-seeded + alternate wetting and drying (WS-AWD) and water-seeded + conventional flooding (WS-FLD) treatments. In the DS-AWD treatment the highest emissions were associated with a high contribution from denitrification and a decrease in N2O reduction, while in the WS treatments, the highest emissions occurred when contributions from denitrification/nitrifier denitrification and nitrification/fungal denitrification were more equal. Modeled denitrification rates appeared to be tightly linked to nitrification and NO3- availability in all treatments; thus, water management affected the rate of denitrification and N2O reduction by controlling the substrate availability for each process (NO3- and N2O), likely through changes in mineralization and nitrification rates. Our model estimates of mean N2O reduction rates match well those observed in 15N fertilizer labeling studies in rice systems and show promise for the use of dual isotope ratio mixing models to estimate N2 losses.

Seasonal variations of CH4 and N2O emissions in response to water management of paddy fields located in Southeast China

Chemosphere ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 884-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijing Hou ◽  
Shizhang Peng ◽  
Junzeng Xu ◽  
Shihong Yang ◽  
Zhi Mao
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Southeast China ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
Response To Water

Water Management and Transfers Optimization with Probabilistic Seasonal Forecasts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingju Zhu ◽  
Guilherme Marques ◽  
Josué Medellin-Azuara ◽  
Jay Lund
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Conjunctive Use ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Seasonal Forecasts ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Water Transfers ◽  
Perennial Crops ◽  
Seasonal Flow

&lt;p&gt;Advances in probabilistic seasonal flow forecasts sparked renewed interests to improve water management, through explicit incorporation of forecasts and forecast uncertainties into decision-making. Here, we develop a three-stage stochastic programming model to optimize integrated agricultural and urban water management decisions by directly considering probabilistic seasonal flow forecasts. The model represents urban water users which make short-term and long-term water conservation choices to maximize supply reliability and minimize conservation costs; it also represents irrigators which optimize land and water allocations to annual and perennial crops to maximize farm revenue, besides water transfers between agricultural and urban uses. Long-term urban conservation measures, areas of perennial crops, and capital investments in onfarm irrigation are considered in the first stage; annual crop areas, which depend on forecasted flows, are considered in the second stage; and reductions of irrigated annual and perennial crop areas due to water scarcity, conjunctive use operations, and water transfers informed by realized hydrologic year types are considered in the third stage. The temporal hierarchy of these decisions intends to approximate actual decision-making process by simultaneously considering long- and short-term decisions, forecasts, and forecasting skills. This paper provides a framework for quantifying the value of probabilistic forecasting information and forecasting skills, for managing complex regional water systems, including agricultural and urban water uses, water transfers, and conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals The potential of organic fertilizers and water management to reduce N2O emissions in Mediterranean climate cropping systems. A review

2013 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 32-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Aguilera ◽  
Luis Lassaletta ◽  
Alberto Sanz-Cobena ◽  
Josette Garnier ◽  
Antonio Vallejo
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
N2o Emissions

scholarly journals Modelling nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from rice field in impacts of farming practices: A case study in Duy Xuyen district, Quang Nam province (Central Vietnam)

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
Duc Minh Ngo ◽  
Van Trinh Mai ◽  
Dang Hoa Tran ◽  
Trong Nghia Hoang ◽  
Manh Khai Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Residue Incorporation ◽  
Crop Residue Incorporation

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emisison from paddy soil via the soil nitrification and denitrification processes makes an important contribution to atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. The soil N2O emission processes are controlled not only by biological, physical and chemical factors but also by farming practices. In recent years, modeling approach has become popular to predict and estimate greenhouse gas fluxes from field studies. In this study, the DeNitrification–DeComposition (DNDC) model were calibrated and tested by incorporating experimental data with the local climate, soil properties and farming management, for its simulation applicability for the irrigated rice system in Duy Xuyen district, a delta lowland area of Vu Gia-Thu Bon River Basin regions. The revised DNDC was then used to quantitatively estimate N2O emissions from rice fields under a range of three management farming practices (water management, crop residue incorporation and nitrogen fertilizer application rate). Results from the simulations indicated that (1) N2O emissions were significantly affected by water management practices; (2) increases in temperature, total fertilizer N input substantially increased N2O emissions. Finally, five 50-year scenarios were simulated with DNDC to predict their long-term impacts on crop yield and N2O emissions. The modelled results suggested that implementation of manure amendment or crop residue incorporation instead of increased nitrogen fertilizer application rates would more efficiently mitigate N2O emissions from the tested rice-based system. Phát thải nitơ ôxít (N2O) từ canh tác lúa nước (thông qua quá trình nitrat hóa và phản nitrat hóa) đóng góp đáng kể vào tổng lượng khí nhà kính có nguồn gốc từ sản xuất nông nghiệp. Quá trình phát thải N2O là không chỉ phụ thuộc vào các yếu tố sinh-lý-hóa học mà còn phụ thuộc các phương pháp canh tác. Trong những năm gần đây, việc ứng dụng mô hình hóa nhằm tính toán và ước lượng sự phát thải khí nhà kính ngày càng trở lên phổ biến. Trong nghiên cứu này, số liệu quan trắc từ thí nghiệm đồng ruộng và dữ liệu về đất đai, khí hậu, biện pháp canh tác được sử dụng để kiểm nghiệm và phân tích độ nhạy của mô hình DNDC (mô hình sinh địa hóa). Sau đó, mô hình được sử dụng để tính toán lượng N2O phát thải trong canh tác lúa nước dưới các phương thức canh tác khác nhau (về chế độ tưới, mức độ vùi phụ phẩm, bón phân hữu cơ, phân đạm) tại huyện Duy Xuyên, thuộc vùng đồng bằng thấp của lưu vực sông Vu Gia-Thu Bồn. Kết quả kiểm định chỉ ra rằng (1) sự phát thải N2O bị ảnh hưởng đáng kể do sự thay đổi chế độ tưới; (2) nhiệt độ tăng và lượng phân bón N tăng sẽ làm tăng phát thải N2O. Kết quả mô phỏng về tác động lâu dài (trong 50 năm) của các yếu tố đến năng suất cây trồng và phát thải N2O cho thấy: Việc sử dụng phân hữu cơ và phụ phẩm nông nghiệp thay thế cho việc bón phân đạm sẽ giúp giảm phát thải N2O đáng kể.

Micrometeorological measurements over 3 years reveal differences in N2O emissions between annual and perennial crops

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1244-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Abalos ◽  
Shannon E. Brown ◽  
Andrew C. Vanderzaag ◽  
Robert J. Gordon ◽  
Kari E. Dunfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Micrometeorological Measurements ◽  
Perennial Crops

N2O emissions and global warming potential as affected by water management and rice cultivar on an Alfisol in Arkansas, USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. e00170
Author(s):  
Casey Rector ◽  
Kristofor R. Brye ◽  
Joshua Humphreys ◽  
Richard J. Norman ◽  
Edward E. Gbur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
N2o Emissions

scholarly journals PENGARUH SISTEM PENGELOLAAN AIR DAN VARIETAS TERHADAP HASIL PADI DAN EMISI GAS RUMAH KACA DI LAHAN TADAH HUJAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Ali Pramono ◽  
Terry Ayu Adriani ◽  
Prihasto Setyanto
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Continuous Flooding ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Factor Ii ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

Rice field is an important role in sustainable national food security, rice production contributes to greenhouse gas emissions significantly, especially methane (Ch4). Some of these efforts to reduce GHG emissions in the paddy field has been done, such as water and fertilizer management, using low methane emission of rice varieties. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of water management systems and rice varieties on grain yield and GHG emissions. The study was conducted at the Experimental Research Station of IAERI, Pati, Central Java in March to June 2016. The study design was a split plot with the factor I water management (A1 = Flooded 5 cm and A2 = Alternate Wetting and Drying / AWD), factor II rice varieties (V1 = Ciherang, V2 = Inpari 30, V3 = IPB3S), and replicated 3 times. GHG measurement was conducted using a closed chamber. The parameters were observed mainly CH4 and N2O fluxes, Eh and pH, water level surface, plant height and tiller number, grain and yield components. The results showed that the highest grain yields was A2V1 -1 treatment (AWD and Ciherang variety) amounted to 3.26 tons ha . The lowest of CH4 emissions was A2V1 treatment (AWD and Ciherang variety). N2O emissions produced the lowest in treatment A2V3 (AWD and IPB3S variety). The highest of GHG emissions was A1V3 treatment (continuous flooding and IPB3S variety). The lowest of GHG emissions was A2V1 treatment (AWD and Ciherang variety). The lowest emissions index was A2V2 treatment (AWD and Inpari 30 variety). AWD treatment could reduce GHG emissions of Ciherang, Inpari 30 and IPB3S rice varieties by 42%, 46%, and 30% compared to continuous flooding, respectively.  

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