Mechanism of Expandable Graphite Fire Retardant Action in Polyurethanes

2001 ◽  
pp. 90-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Camino ◽  
S. Duquesne ◽  
R. Delobel ◽  
B. Eling ◽  
C. Lindsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Expandable Graphite

Effects of expandable graphite on char morphology and pyrolysis of epoxy based intumescent fire‐retardant coating

2021 ◽  
pp. 51206
Author(s):  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Faiz Ahmad ◽  
Abdullah G. Al‐Sehemi ◽  
Muhammad Rafi Raza ◽  
Mohammed Ali Assiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Expandable Graphite

scholarly journals Thermal properties of polyethylene flame retarded with expandable graphite and intumescent fire retardant additives

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermanus Joachim Kruger ◽  
Walter Wilhelm Focke ◽  
Washington Mhike ◽  
Albertus Taute ◽  
Albert Roberson
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Flame Retarded

scholarly journals Correlating the Performance of a Fire-Retardant Coating across Different Scales of Testing

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Hao Ng ◽  
Indraneel Suhas Zope ◽  
Aravind Dasari ◽  
Kang Hai Tan
Keyword(s):  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Protective System ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Structural Scale

Material-scale tests involving milligrams of samples are used to optimize fire-retardant coating formulations, but actual applications of these coatings require them to be assessed with structural-scale fire tests. This significant difference in the scale of testing (milligrams to kilograms of sample) raises many questions on the relations between the inherent flammability and thermal characteristics of the coating materials and their “performance” at the structural scale. Moreover, the expected “performance” requirements and the definition of “performance” varies at different scales. In this regard, the pathway is not established when designing and formulating fire-retardant coatings for structural steel sections or members. This manuscript explores the fundamental relationships across different scales of testing with the help of a fire-protective system based on acrylic resin with a typical combination of intumescent additives, viz. ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol, and expandable graphite. One of the main outcomes of this work dictates that higher heat release rate values and larger amounts of material participating in the pyrolysis process per unit time will result in a rapid rise in steel substrate temperature. This information is very useful in the design and development of generic fire-retardant coatings.

Enhancing the Char Resistant of Expandable Graphite Based Intumescent Fire Retardant Coatings by Using Multi-Wall Carbon Nano Tubes for Structural Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Faiz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Fire Test ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes

In the intumescent fire retardant (IFR) coating char thickness and its strength play a vital role to protect the base steel structure from the fire. The IFR coating contains expandable graphite (EG), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), melamine, boric acid, bisphenol, epoxy resin BE-188 (BPA) which is used as a binder with ACR hardener H-2310 polyamide amine and multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). A range of different formations were prepared to study the heat shielding effect and char expansion after fire test. The intumescent coating was tested at 800°C for one hour in the furnace and found to be very stable and well bonded with the steel substrate. The characterization was done by using Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) after fire test. The results confirmed that MWCNTs enhanced the char resistant of IFR coating on steel substrate after fire test. Keywords: Intumescent fire retardant coating, Expandable Graphite, Multiwall Carbonnano tubes, FESEM and TGA.

The Effect of Wollastonite Filler on Thermal Performance of Intumescent Fire Retardant Coating

2014 ◽  
Vol 970 ◽  
pp. 328-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zia-ul-Mustafa ◽  
Faiz Ahmad ◽  
Puteri S. M. Megat-Yusoff ◽  
Hammad Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Fire Test ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Coated Steel ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Various types of intumescent fire retardant coatings (IFRCs) have been used to protect the substrates exposed to fire. In current study, high temperature filler Wollastonite (W) filler was used to improve fire performance of intumescent fire retardant coating. The basic ingredients of the coating were ammonium poly-phosphate (APP) as acid source, expandable graphite (EG) as carbon source, melamine (MEL) as blowing agent in epoxy binder, boric acid as additive and hardener as curing agent. In this study a range of coating formulations were developed by using different weight percentages of Wollastonite filler. The coated steel substrate samples were tested for fire performance using Bunsen burner and char expansion was measured using furnace fire test. Composition of the char was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The char morphology was studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Results showed that Intumescent coating with addition of Wollastonite filler enhanced anti-oxidation of the char. Presence of phosphorus, calcium and silicon in char layer further improved the thermal stability of char.

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