Molecular weights and volumes from density perturbation ultracentrifugation. Application to aldolase and deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase in solutions of guanidine hydrochloride

Biochemistry ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
John O. Thomas ◽  
Stuart J. Edelstein
Keyword(s):  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Guanidine Hydrochloride ◽  
Density Perturbation ◽  
Molecular Weights

Effect of detergents and chemicals on purified vaccinia virus: analysis by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Boisvert ◽  
T. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Guanidine Hydrochloride ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Viral Particles

Vaccinia virus particles were dissociated into their constituent polypeptides and analysed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis. Thirty-three distinct polypeptide bands were identified and their molecular weights ranged between 11 000 and 150 000 daltons.Specific staining of gels containing polypeptides of dissociated virions revealed the presence of eight glycopeptides. No lipopeptides were detected.Analysis of chemical extracts (urea, guanidine hydrochloride, and alkali treatment) of the virus by SDS gel electrophoresis indicated that a total of 10 to 14 different polypeptides ranging in molecular weights from 11 000 to 70 000 daltons were solubilized.Analysis of detergent extracts and of the remains of extracted viral particles has shown that the detergent Nonidet P-40 (NP-40) solubilized a total of 11 polypeptides of which 6 were glycopeptides. The other detergents sodium deoxycholate (SDC) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) were not as selective, both solubilizing more than 25 of the polypeptides composing the virus. Gel electrophoresis results also indicated that most of the small molecular weight (11 000–70 000 daltons) polypeptides were readily solubilized by NP-40, SDC, and CTAB, while those with molecular weights of 70 000 daltons and higher were not well solubilized.The effects of detergents were also analysed by electron microscopy. Evidence was obtained for subpopulations of viral particles having different susceptibility to detergent extraction.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic Scission of Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Aqueous Solution I. Conditions for Sonication and Molecular Weights of Sonicated Samples

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyohiro Fukudome ◽  
Kiwamu Yamaoka ◽  
Kenichiro Nishikori ◽  
Takamichi Takahashi ◽  
Osamu Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Molecular Weights

Development of non-leaching and eco-friendly polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride based antimicrobial waterborne polyacrylates

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 458-468
Author(s):  
Wei Ding ◽  
Kaimei Peng ◽  
Tao Zou ◽  
Ruonan Wang ◽  
Jinshan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Guanidine Hydrochloride ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Vinyl Monomer ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine ◽  
Antimicrobial Films

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop non-leaching and eco-friendly antimicrobial waterborne polyacrylates with excellent antibacterial properties by grafting antibacterial vinyl monomer, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) modified polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG). Design/methodology/approach PHMG of different molecular weights were modified by GMA to synthesize antibacterial vinyl monomer, GMA-modified PHMG (GPHMG). Different content and molecular weights of GPHMG were used to synthesize antimicrobial waterborne polyacrylates through emulsion polymerization. Findings The addition of GPHMG gained by modifying PHMG showed little influence on thermal stability of the films, but decreased the glass transition temperature(Tg). Meanwhile, the tensile strength decreased, while the breaking elongation increased. The antibacterial properties of the antibacterial films with different GPHMG contents were studied, when GPHMG content was around 0.9 Wt.%, antibacterial films showed excellent antibacterial activity (antibacterial rate >= 99.99 per cent). When weight content of GPHMG in the films remained constant, antibacterial property of films increased first and then decreased with the increase of molecular weight of GPHMG. The structural antibacterial polymer film had more perdurable antibacterial activity than the blended one. Research limitations/implications The grafting efficiency of GPHMG to antimicrobial waterborne polyacrylates could be further improved. Practical implications Antimicrobial waterborne polyacrylates with excellent antibacterial properties can be used to antibacterial coating and adhesive. Originality/value The antibacterial properties of films with different molecular weight of GPHMG were studied, and the durability and stability of antibacterial properties between structural antimicrobial films and blended antimicrobial films were also investigated by ring-diffusion method.

scholarly journals Molecular Weights and Physical Properties of Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Nature ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 180 (4598) ◽  
pp. 1340-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. V. BUTLER ◽  
D. J. R. LAURENCE ◽  
A. B. ROBINS ◽  
K. V. SHOOTER
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Molecular Weights

Molecular Weights of Homogeneous Samples of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Determined from Hydrodynamic Theories for the Wormlike Coil

1968 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 491-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Hearst ◽  
Carl W. Schmid ◽  
Frank P. Rinehart
Keyword(s):  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Molecular Weights

scholarly journals Ultracentrifuge studies of histone fractions from calf thymus deoxyribonucleoprotein

1969 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
P A Edwards ◽  
K V Shooter
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Guanidine Hydrochloride ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Sedimentation Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Molecular Weight ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solutions ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Calf Thymus

Molecular weights and sedimentation coefficients of four major fractions of calf thymus histones were measured. The minimum molecular weights were determined in concentrated solutions of guanidine hydrochloride. The results indicate that, with the possible exception of fraction F3, the fractions are heterogeneous. Comparisons in 0·1m-sodium chloride suggest that fraction F1 does not aggregate and show that fractions F2(a) and F3 aggregate to form larger complexes than does fraction F2(b). The degree of aggregation of each fraction is independent of pH in the range pH1–7. Detailed studies with fraction F2(b) have confirmed that the change in sedimentation coefficient observed as the sodium chloride concentration of the solution is increased results from increases in the apparent molecular weight of the sedimenting units. It has been found that the molecules of fraction F2(b) are present as single molecules only in sodium chloride solutions of 33mm or less. At these low concentrations the effects of charge greatly increase the concentration dependence of the sedimentation rate; the results can, however, be interpreted by using the theory developed by Alexandrowicz & Daniel (1963) and Daniel & Alexandrowicz (1963).

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