Properties of human liver cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase mRNAs generated by alternative polyadenylation site selection

Biochemistry ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (22) ◽  
pp. 5293-5299 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bousquet-Lemercier ◽  
S. Pol ◽  
M. Pave-Preux ◽  
J. Hanoune ◽  
R. Barouki
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Alternative Polyadenylation ◽  
Polyadenylation Site

scholarly journals Alternative Polyadenylation of Human Bocavirus at Its 3′ End Is Regulated by Multiple Elements and Affects Capsid Expression

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujuan Hao ◽  
Junmei Zhang ◽  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Huanzhou Xu ◽  
Hanzhong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Infectious Clone ◽  
Alternative Polyadenylation ◽  
Polyadenylation Site ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Loop Structure ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
Stem Loop Structure ◽  
Mrna Transcripts ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT Alternative processing of human bocavirus (HBoV) P5 promoter-transcribed RNA is critical for generating the structural and nonstructural protein-encoding mRNA transcripts. The regulatory mechanism by which HBoV RNA transcripts are polyadenylated at proximal [(pA)p] or distal [(pA)d] polyadenylation sites is still unclear. We constructed a recombinant HBoV infectious clone to study the alternative polyadenylation regulation of HBoV. Surprisingly, in addition to the reported distal polyadenylation site, (pA)d, a novel distal polyadenylation site, (pA)d2, which is located in the right-end hairpin (REH), was identified during infectious clone transfection or recombinant virus infection. (pA)d2 does not contain typical hexanucleotide polyadenylation signal, upstream elements (USE), or downstream elements (DSE) according to sequence analysis. Further study showed that HBoV nonstructural protein NS1, REH, and cis elements of (pA)d were necessary and sufficient for efficient polyadenylation at (pA)d2. The distance and sequences between (pA)d and (pA)d2 also played a key role in the regulation of polyadenylation at (pA)d2. Finally, we demonstrated that efficient polyadenylation at (pA)d2 resulted in increased HBoV capsid mRNA transcripts and protein translation. Thus, our study revealed that all the bocaviruses have distal poly(A) signals on the right-end palindromic terminus, and alternative polyadenylation at the HBoV 3′ end regulates its capsid expression. IMPORTANCE The distal polyadenylation site, (pA)d, of HBoV is located about 400 nucleotides (nt) from the right-end palindromic terminus, which is different from those of bovine parvovirus (BPV) and canine minute virus (MVC) in the same genus whose distal polyadenylation is located in the right-end stem-loop structure. A novel polyadenylation site, (pA)d2, was identified in the right-end hairpin of HBoV during infectious clone transfection or recombinant virus infection. Sequence analysis showed that (pA)d2 does not contain typical polyadenylation signals, and the last 42 nt form a stem-loop structure which is almost identical to that of MVC. Further study showed that NS1, REH, and cis elements of (pA)d are required for efficient polyadenylation at (pA)d2. Polyadenylation at (pA)d2 enhances capsid expression. Our study demonstrates alternative polyadenylation at the 3′ end of HBoV and suggests an additional mechanism by which capsid expression is regulated.

scholarly journals Variability of Glutathione S-Transferase α in Human Liver and Plasma

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theo PJ Mulder ◽  
Daniel A Court ◽  
Wilbert HM Peters
Keyword(s):  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exogenous Compounds

Abstract Background: Glutathione S-transferases are a family of enzymes involved in the binding, transport, and detoxification of a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous compounds. Little information is available about the variability of class α glutathione S-transferases in human liver, where they are highly expressed, or in serum. Methods: Both total class α glutathione S-transferase (GST-α, composed of GSTA1-1, GSTA1-2, and GSTA2-2) as well as GSTA1-1 concentrations were measured by specific and sensitive ELISA in liver cytosols of 35 organ donors and in plasma samples of 350 healthy controls. Results: The mean total GST-α and GSTA1-1 in liver cytosols were 25.1 ± 9.4 and 10.7 ± 5.3 μg/mg protein, respectively, and did not correlate with activities of aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase. The mean total GST-α in liver was significantly higher in females compared with males (28.8 ± 10.0 vs 22.0 ± 7.8 μg/mg protein; P <0.05). In contrast, the median total GST-α in plasma was lower in females compared with males (2.0 and 2.8 μg/L, respectively; P <0.0001). The median ratios for GSTA1-1/total GST-α in liver and plasma were 0.42 and 0.58, respectively. Conclusions: GSTA1-1 constitutes approximately one-half of the total amount of α class GSTs in human plasma and liver. Total GST-α values are higher in female liver but lower in plasma compared with the respective values in males.

Cloning and sequencing of human liver cytosolic and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase cDNAs

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. S206
Author(s):  
S. Pol ◽  
B. Bousquet-Lemercier ◽  
M.G. Mattei ◽  
M. Pavé-Preux ◽  
B. Nalpas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Cloning And Sequencing ◽  
Mitochondrial Aspartate Aminotransferase

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of MEF2 Transcriptional Program Reveals Synaptic Target Genes and Neuronal Activity-Dependent Polyadenylation Site Selection

Neuron ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1022-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Flavell ◽  
Tae-Kyung Kim ◽  
Jesse M. Gray ◽  
David A. Harmin ◽  
Martin Hemberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Polyadenylation Site ◽  
Transcriptional Program ◽  
Genome Wide Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Activity Dependent

Multiple Molecular Forms of Human Heart Cytoplasmic Aspartate Aminotransferase

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Y. Leung ◽  
A. R. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
Aminotransferase Activity ◽  
Multiple Molecular Forms ◽  
Isoelectric Points

1. Cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase was isolated and purified from human heart with a final specific activity of 236 units/mg of protein. 2. Three distinct peaks of aspartate aminotransferase activity were detected by isoelectric focusing with isoelectric points of 5.46, 5.60 and 5.71. Two minor subforms were also noted as shoulder patterns with pI 5.2 and 5.8. 3. These electrophoretic characteristics are similar to previous findings of multiple molecular forms detected in human liver and erythrocytes.

scholarly journals Sequence determinants in human polyadenylation site selection

BMC Genomics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Legendre ◽  
Daniel Gautheret
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Polyadenylation Site

scholarly journals Benchmarking sequencing methods and tools that facilitate the study of alternative polyadenylation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankeeta Shah ◽  
Briana E. Mittleman ◽  
Yoav Gilad ◽  
Yang I. Li
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Alternative Polyadenylation ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Polyadenylation Site ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Short Read ◽  
Processing Event ◽  
Polyadenylation Sites

Abstract Background Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA), an RNA processing event, occurs in over 70% of human protein-coding genes. APA results in mRNA transcripts with distinct 3′ ends. Most APA occurs within 3′ UTRs, which harbor regulatory elements that can impact mRNA stability, translation, and localization. Results APA can be profiled using a number of established computational tools that infer polyadenylation sites from standard, short-read RNA-seq datasets. Here, we benchmarked a number of such tools—TAPAS, QAPA, DaPars2, GETUTR, and APATrap— against 3′-Seq, a specialized RNA-seq protocol that enriches for reads at the 3′ ends of genes, and Iso-Seq, a Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) single-molecule full-length RNA-seq method in their ability to identify polyadenylation sites and quantify polyadenylation site usage. We demonstrate that 3′-Seq and Iso-Seq are able to identify and quantify the usage of polyadenylation sites more reliably than computational tools that take short-read RNA-seq as input. However, we find that running one such tool, QAPA, with a set of polyadenylation site annotations derived from small quantities of 3′-Seq or Iso-Seq can reliably quantify variation in APA across conditions, such asacross genotypes, as demonstrated by the successful mapping of alternative polyadenylation quantitative trait loci (apaQTL). Conclusions We envisage that our analyses will shed light on the advantages of studying APA with more specialized sequencing protocols, such as 3′-Seq or Iso-Seq, and the limitations of studying APA with short-read RNA-seq. We provide a computational pipeline to aid in the identification of polyadenylation sites and quantification of polyadenylation site usages using Iso-Seq data as input.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document