Involvement of DNA polymerase .delta. in DNA repair synthesis in human fibroblasts at late times after ultraviolet irradiation

Biochemistry ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (17) ◽  
pp. 6379-6383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Dresler ◽  
Bonnie J. Gowans ◽  
Rona M. Robinson-Hill ◽  
Darel J. Hunting
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Ultraviolet Irradiation ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Dna Polymerase Delta ◽  
Repair Synthesis ◽  
Dna Repair Synthesis

scholarly journals The Base Excision Repair Pathway in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noha Elsakrmy ◽  
Qiu-Mei Zhang-Akiyama ◽  
Dindial Ramotar
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Base Excision Repair ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Dna Glycosylases ◽  
Repair Synthesis ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Base Excision ◽  
Dna Repair Synthesis

Exogenous and endogenous damage to the DNA is inevitable. Several DNA repair pathways including base excision, nucleotide excision, mismatch, homologous and non-homologous recombinations are conserved across all organisms to faithfully maintain the integrity of the genome. The base excision repair (BER) pathway functions to repair single-base DNA lesions and during the process creates the premutagenic apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites. In this review, we discuss the components of the BER pathway in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and delineate the different phenotypes caused by the deletion or the knockdown of the respective DNA repair gene, as well as the implications. To date, two DNA glycosylases have been identified in C. elegans, the monofunctional uracil DNA glycosylase-1 (UNG-1) and the bifunctional endonuclease III-1 (NTH-1) with associated AP lyase activity. In addition, the animal possesses two AP endonucleases belonging to the exonuclease-3 and endonuclease IV families and in C. elegans these enzymes are called EXO-3 and APN-1, respectively. In mammalian cells, the DNA polymerase, Pol beta, that is required to reinsert the correct bases for DNA repair synthesis is not found in the genome of C. elegans and the evidence indicates that this role could be substituted by DNA polymerase theta (POLQ), which is known to perform a function in the microhomology-mediated end-joining pathway in human cells. The phenotypes observed by the C. elegans mutant strains of the BER pathway raised many challenging questions including the possibility that the DNA glycosylases may have broader functional roles, as discuss in this review.

Clustered Sites of DNA Repair Synthesis during Early Nucleotide Excision Repair in Ultraviolet Light-Irradiated Quiescent Human Fibroblasts

2002 ◽  
Vol 276 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Svetlova ◽  
Lioudmila Solovjeva ◽  
Nadezhda Pleskach ◽  
Natalia Yartseva ◽  
Tatyana Yakovleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Nucleotide Excision Repair ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Repair Synthesis ◽  
Nucleotide Excision ◽  
Dna Repair Synthesis

Aphidicolin-sensitive DNA repair synthesis in human fibroblasts damaged with bleomycin is distinct from UV-induced repair

1990 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. DiGiuseppe ◽  
Darel J. Hunting ◽  
Steven L. Dresler
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Repair Synthesis ◽  
Dna Repair Synthesis

scholarly journals DNA repair synthesis during base excision repair in vitro is catalyzed by DNA polymerase epsilon and is influenced by DNA polymerases alpha and delta in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1051-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Wang ◽  
X Wu ◽  
E C Friedberg
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Base Excision Repair ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Repair Synthesis ◽  
Dna Polymerase Epsilon ◽  
Nuclear Extracts ◽  
Polymerase Epsilon ◽  
Base Excision ◽  
Dna Repair Synthesis

Base excision repair is an important mechanism for correcting DNA damage produced by many physical and chemical agents. We have examined the effects of the REV3 gene and the DNA polymerase genes POL1, POL2, and POL3 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on DNA repair synthesis is nuclear extracts. Deletional inactivation of REV3 did not affect repair synthesis in the base excision repair pathway. Repair synthesis in nuclear extracts of pol1, pol2, and pol3 temperature-sensitive mutants was normal at permissive temperatures. However, repair synthesis in pol2 nuclear extracts was defective at the restrictive temperature of 37 degrees C and could be complemented by the addition of purified yeast DNA polymerase epsilon. Repair synthesis in pol1 nuclear extracts was proficient at the restrictive temperature unless DNA polymerase alpha was inactivated prior to the initiation of DNA repair. Thermal inactivation of DNA polymerase delta in pol3 nuclear extracts enhanced DNA repair synthesis approximately 2-fold, an effect which could be specifically reversed by the addition of purified yeast DNA polymerase delta to the extract. These results demonstrate that DNA repair synthesis in the yeast base excision repair pathway is catalyzed by DNA polymerase epsilon but is apparently modulated by the presence of DNA polymerases alpha and delta.

scholarly journals Changes in cyclin/proliferating cell nuclear antigen distribution during DNA repair synthesis.

1988 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 1623-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Toschi ◽  
R Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Immunofluorescent Staining ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Nuclear Staining ◽  
Repair Synthesis ◽  
Dna Repair Synthesis ◽  
Proliferating Cell

UV irradiation of quiescent human fibroblasts immediately triggers the appearance of the nuclear protein cyclin/proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as detected by indirect immunofluorescent staining after methanol fixation. This was found to be independent of new synthesis of cyclin/PCNA by two-dimensional gel analysis and cycloheximide treatment. The intensity of the immunofluorescent staining of cyclin/PCNA observed in UV-irradiated cells corresponded with the UV dose used and with the DNA repair synthesis detected by autoradiography. The nuclear staining remains as long as DNA repair activity is detected in the cells. By extracting the UV-irradiated quiescent cells with Triton X-100 and fixing with formaldehyde, it was possible to demonstrate by indirect immunofluorescence rapid changes in the cyclin/PCNA population after irradiation, a small proportion (5-10%) of which is tightly associated to the nucleus as determined by high salt extraction. By incubating at low temperature and depleting the ATP pools of the cells before UV irradiation, we have demonstrated that the changes in cyclin/PCNA distribution observed involve at least two different nuclear associations.

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