In vitro Evidence that Phospholipid Secretion into Bile May Be Coordinated Intracellularly by the Combined Actions of Bile Salts and the Specific Phosphatidylcholine Transfer Protein of Liver

Biochemistry ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (33) ◽  
pp. 9975-9980 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Cohen ◽  
Monika R. Leonard ◽  
Martin C. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salts ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
Combined Actions ◽  
Phosphatidylcholine Transfer Protein

scholarly journals A phosphatidylinositol/phosphatidylcholine transfer protein is required for differentiation of the dimorphic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica from the yeast to the mycelial form.

1994 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Lopez ◽  
J M Nicaud ◽  
H B Skinner ◽  
C Vergnolle ◽  
J C Kader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Secretory Pathway ◽  
Stationary Growth Phase ◽  
Mycelial Form ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
Dimorphic Yeast ◽  
Phosphatidylcholine Transfer Protein ◽  
Yeast Yarrowia Lipolytica

The SEC14SC gene encodes the phosphatidylinositol/phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PI/PC-TP) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The SEC14SC gene product (SEC14pSC) is associated with the Golgi complex as a peripheral membrane protein and plays an essential role in stimulating Golgi secretory function. We report the characterization of SEC14YL, the structural gene for the PI/PC-TP of the dimorphic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. SEC14YL encodes a primary translation product (SEC14YL) that is predicted to be a 497-residue polypeptide of which the amino-terminal 300 residues are highly homologous to the entire SEC14pSC, and the carboxyl-terminal 197 residues define a dispensible domain that is not homologous to any known protein. In a manner analogous to the case for SEC14pSC, SEC14pYL localizes to punctate cytoplasmic structures in Y. lipolytica that likely represent Golgi bodies. However, SEC14pYL is neither required for the viability of Y. lipolytica nor is it required for secretory pathway function in this organism. This nonessentiality of SEC14pYL for growth and secretion is probably not the consequence of a second PI/PC-TP activity in Y. lipolytica as cell-free lysates prepared from delta sec14YL strains are devoid of measurable PI/PC-TP activity in vitro. Phenotypic analyses demonstrate that SEC14pYL dysfunction results in the inability of Y. lipolytica to undergo the characteristic dimorphic transition from the yeast to the mycelial form that typifies this species. Rather, delta sec14YL mutants form aberrant pseudomycelial structures as cells enter stationary growth phase. The collective data indicate a role for SEC14pYL in promoting the differentiation of Y. lipolytica cells from yeast to mycelia, and demonstrate that PI/PC-TP function is utilized in diverse ways by different organisms.

Sec14p-like proteins regulate phosphoinositide homoeostasis and intracellular protein and lipid trafficking in yeast

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Mousley ◽  
K.R. Tyeryar ◽  
M.M. Ryan ◽  
V.A. Bankaitis
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Protein Transport ◽  
Current View ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Membrane Bilayer ◽  
Lipid Trafficking ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
Phosphatidylcholine Transfer Protein

The major PI (phosphatidylinositol)/PC (phosphatidylcholine)-transfer protein in yeast, Sec14p, co-ordinates lipid metabolism with protein transport from the Golgi complex. Yeast also express five additional gene products that share 24–65% primary sequence identity with Sec14p. These Sec14p-like proteins are termed SFH (Sec Fourteen Homologue) proteins, and overexpression of certain individual SFH gene products rescues sec14-1ts-associated growth and secretory defects. SFH proteins are atypical in that these stimulate the transfer of PI, but not PC, between distinct membrane bilayer systems in vitro. Further analysis reveals that SFH proteins functionally interact with the Stt4p phosphoinositide 4-kinase to stimulate PtdIns(4,5)P2 synthesis which in turn activates phospholipase D. Finally, genetic analyses indicate that Sfh5p interfaces with the function of specific subunits of the exocyst complex as well as the yeast SNAP-25 (25 kDa synaptosome-associated protein) homologue, Sec9p. Our current view is that Sfh5p regulates PtdIns(4,5)P2 homoeostasis at the plasma membrane, and that Sec9p responds to that regulation. Thus SFH proteins individually regulate specific aspects of lipid metabolism that couple, with exquisite specificity, with key cellular functions.

Phosphatidylinositol-transfer protein and its homologues in yeast

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Griac ◽  
R. Holic ◽  
D. Tahotna
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
Lipid Transfer ◽  
Lipid Transfer Proteins ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol Transfer ◽  
Phosphatidylcholine Transfer Protein

Yeast Sec14p acts as a phosphatidylinositol/phosphatidylcholine-transfer protein in vitro. In vivo, it is essential in promoting Golgi secretory function. Products of five genes named SFH1–SFH5 (Sec Fourteen Homologues 1–5) exhibit significant sequence homology to Sec14p and together they form the Sec14p family of lipid-transfer proteins. It is a diverse group of proteins with distinct subcellular localizations and varied physiological functions related to lipid metabolism and membrane trafficking.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Nutritional Value, Techno-Functional, and In Vitro Physiological Properties of Six Edible Insects

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Yolanda Aguilera ◽  
Miguel Rebollo-Hernanz ◽  
Irene Pastrana ◽  
Vanesa Benitez ◽  
Gerardo Alvarez-Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Starch Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydration Properties ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Glucose Diffusion ◽  
Foaming Capacity

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional composition, techno-functional, and in vitro physiological properties of flours from six different insect species (mealworm, beetle, caterpillar, ant, locust, and cricket). The chemical composition of insects was evaluated following the standard methods (AOAC). Bulk density, water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, water absorption capacity, swelling capacity, emulsifying activity, foaming capacity, and gelation capacity were measured. In vitro antioxidant capacity was measured by the direct ABTS method. Hypoglycemic (glucose adsorption and the inhibition of α-amylase, glucose diffusion, and starch hydrolysis) and hypolipidemic (cholesterol and bile salts binding and lipase inhibition capacities) were investigated using in vitro methods. Insect flours exhibited a high content of protein (39.4%–58.1%) and fat (17.7%–50.1%) as main components, although the presence of chitin in ant samples was also highlighted. The techno-functional properties showed high oil holding, swelling, and emulsifying capacities in all insect flours analyzed, besides bulk density, hydration properties, and foaming capacity showing average values and no gelation capacity. Insects showed high antioxidant capacity (179–221 mg Trolox equivalents/g). Moreover, these edible insect flours revealed effective hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic properties. Insect flours inhibited α-amylase activity (47.1%–98.0%) and retarded glucose diffusion (17.2%–29.6%) and starch hydrolysis (18.2%–88.1%). Likewise, they bound cholesterol and bile salts (8.4%–98.6%) and inhibited lipase activity (8.9%–47.1%). Hence, these insect flours might be of great interest to the food industry, being a healthy source of protein, exerting a positive impact on functional food properties, and potentially preventing the development of diseases associated with hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.

The characteristics of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented food as potential probiotics

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-749
Author(s):  
Victoria Yulita Fitriani ◽  
Budi Suprapti ◽  
Muhammad Amin
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk

Abstract Objectives This study aims to determine the characteristics of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus reuteri from fermented soursop fruit juice and cow’s milk, respectively as probiotic candidate based on exposure to pH, bile salts, pathogenic bacteria, and antibiotics. Methods In vitro studies were conducted to examine the resistance of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus reuteri in pH 2, 2.5, 3.2, and 7.2, resistance to bile salts, resistance to pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and antituberculosis antibiotics. Results Viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus reuteri isolates remained unchanged (6.3 × 107 CFU/mL and 5.03 × 107 CFU/mL) at various acidic pH, and had a low survival rate in Ox gall 0.3% (bile salts). These isolates also showed antibacterial properties against pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract. Both of these bacteria are quite safe to be used together with ofloxacin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin, antibiotic for tuberculosis therapy. Conclusions The results showed that Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus reuteri from fermented soursop fruit juice and cow’s milk respectively fulfilled the characteristics of probiotic and could potentially be used as adjunct therapy in tuberculosis drug-resistance.

scholarly journals Studies on the interactions between bile salts and food emulsifiers under in vitro duodenal digestion conditions to evaluate their bile salt binding potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julieta N. Naso ◽  
Fernando A. Bellesi ◽  
Víctor M. Pizones Ruiz-Henestrosa ◽  
Ana M.R. Pilosof
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Binding Potential ◽  
Food Emulsifiers

In vitro absorption of bile salts by small intestine of rats and guinea pigs

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Lack ◽  
I. M. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Concentration Gradient ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Ileal Segment

The transport of taurocholic and glycocholic acids by the small intestine of rats and guinea pigs against a concentration gradient was studied by the everted gutsac technique. Transport of these substances is limited to the distal ileal segment. This transport is inhibited by anoxia, dinitrophenol and sodium azide. The system has a transport maximum. On the basis of these criteria bile acid reabsorption is considered to occur by active transport.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF IN VITRO METHODOLOGIES FOR INHIBITION OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA BY POTENTIAL PROBIOTIC LACTOBACILLUS SPS; AN EVIDENCE FOR PRODUCTION OF ANTIMICROBIAL SUBSTANCES

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Prabhurajeshwar C. ◽  
Kelmani Chandrakanth R.
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salts ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Live Bacteria ◽  
Digestive Health

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Probiotic products consist of specific strains of live bacteria that have potentially favorable health effects. A number of studies provide evidence that milk products with probiotics may be beneficial for digestive health and may improve various digestive problems. The purpose of the present study was to investigate <em>Lactobacillus</em> species with potential activities isolated from different cheese samples of local market.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total 42 lactic acid bacteria strains were isolated, fourteen (14/42) best <em>Lactobacillus</em> isolates were selected by preliminary screening as potential probiotics with antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. All the fourteen <em>Lactobacillus</em> isolates were then characterized <em>in vitro</em> for their probiotic features and antimicrobial activities against pathogens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results noticed that all selected <em>Lactobacillus</em> isolates (CH3, CH4 and CH6) were screened and confirmed as <em>Lactobacillus. </em>The isolates were able to grow at different pH, NaCl and bile salts, also exhibited the best antimicrobial activities against pathogens. All the isolates were susceptible to antibiotics used and isolates were also revealed the noticeable aggregation and hydrophobicity studies.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Selected <em>Lactobacillus </em>isolates were considered as ideal, effective probiotic bacteria. Thus, they could be examined further and contribute to preventing and controlling several infections associated with intestine and for human health benefits.</p>

Effect of intestinal resection on bile salt absorption in dogs

1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Playoust ◽  
Leon Lack ◽  
I. M. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Sodium Taurocholate ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Salt Absorption ◽  
Complete Failure ◽  
Fat Meal

The efficiency of intestinal absorption of bile salts was evaluated by studying the rate of disappearance of radioactivity from the bile of dogs after the intravenous administration of sodium taurocholate-24-C14. Bile was sampled through an indwelling tube in the gall bladder. One day after a high-fat meal normal dogs retained 48% of the radioactivity; dogs with resection of the jejunum retained 48%, whereas those with resection of the ileum retained only 3% in the bile. This is consistent with previous observations that the ileum is the site of bile salt absorption in vitro and in anesthetized animals. Animals with resection of the ileum exhibited significant steatorrhea; however, three-fourths of the ingested fat was absorbed in spite of almost complete failure to absorb bile salts. This indicates that fat and bile salts are not normally absorbed together. Elimination of enterohepatic circulation of bile salts by resection of the ileum contributes to the observed steatorrhea.

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