Burning Holes into the Spectrum of Ammonium Salts:  Low-Temperature Transformations Initiated by Vibrational Excitation

1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert L. Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vibrational Excitation ◽  
Ammonium Salts

Proton relaxation by tunnelling in ammonium salts at low temperature

1978 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 997-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Svare ◽  
G Thorkildsen ◽  
H I Andersson ◽  
S M Skjaeveland ◽  
P Trivijitkasem
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Proton Relaxation

Low-Temperature Transitions of Some Ammonium Salts

1963 ◽  
pp. 202-209
Author(s):  
M. Stammler ◽  
D. Orcutt ◽  
P. C. Colodny
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Ammonium Salts

Sethoxydim Response to Spray Carrier Chemical Properties and Environment

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Nalewaja ◽  
Robert Matysiak ◽  
Edward Szelezniak
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Uv Degradation ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Spray Solution

Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of spray carrier salts, UV light, and temperature on sethoxydim phytotoxicity to oat or yellow foxtail. Spray solution pH and ions present were both important to sethoxydim phytotoxicity to oat. Sodium and calcium salts were antagonistic to sethoxydim phytotoxicity only when the spray carrier pH exceeded 7. Ammonium salts and ammonium hydroxide were synergistic with sethoxydim, and the synergism was independent of spray solution pH. Ammonium sulfate, but not ammonium hydroxide, overcame sodium bicarbonate antagonism of sethoxydim. The antagonism of sethoxydim phytotoxicity by sodium bicarbonate was greatest in the presence of UV light and most pronounced when treated plants were exposed to mid-day sunlight. Sodium bicarbonate or low temperature may reduce the speed of sethoxydim absorption allowing for greater UV degradation of unabsorbed sethoxydim on the leaf surface.

Instantaneous Low Temperature Gelation by a Multicomponent Organogelator Liquid System Based on Ammonium Salts

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (25) ◽  
pp. 7967-7973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel García Velázquez ◽  
David Díaz Díaz ◽  
Ángel Gutiérrez Ravelo ◽  
José Juan Marrero Tellado
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Liquid System ◽  
Ammonium Salts

Low-Temperature Transitions of Some Ammonium Salts

1962 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 202-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stammler ◽  
D. Orcutt ◽  
P. C. Colodny
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Polymorphic Transition ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Specimen Holder ◽  
Orthorhombic Modification ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractX-ray diffraction studies were performed on ammonium fluoroborate [NH4BF4], ammonium perchlorate [NH4ClO4], ammonium chloride [NH4CI] and ammonium phosphate [(NH4)H2PO4] within a temperature range of ambient to −190°C. For these experiments a specimen holder was designed to effect rapid cooling of the sample. Results indicate that the fluorob orate and perchlorate salts undergo a polymorphic transition at −190°C. The decreasing intensities of the (011) and (112) reflections of the orthorhombic modification indicates a firstorder reaction. No transition was observed when these salts were cooled to −40°C. The ammonium chloride shows a transition at about −30°C which confirms the results obtained by G. H. Goldschmidt and D. G. Hurst. The ammonium phosphate (NH4)H2PO4, which is tetragonal at ambient temperature also undergoes a transition if cooled to −190°C. The kinetics of this reaction are discussed.

Characterization of Novel Deep Eutectic Ionic Liquids and their Application in Green Synthesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1212-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao You Liu ◽  
Yuan Yuan Wang ◽  
Fu Xiang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Sonogashira Reaction ◽  
Good Catalytic Activity

Five novel deep eutectic ionic liquids were prepared from relatively simple quaternary ammonium salts and imidazole. All of these salts are liquids at room temperature, and are steady up to 150°C. They exhibit low viscosities and moderate conductivities at low temperature. Especially, Bu4NCl-IM is a green alternative solvent in Sonogashira reaction with good catalytic activity.

THE UTILIZATION OF NITROGEN COMPOUNDS, ESPECIALLY AMMONIA, BY A LOW-TEMPERATURE BASIDIOMYCETE

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1071-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. B. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

The nitrogen nutrition of a low-temperature basidiomycete, a cause of snow mold in Western Canada, was studied in submerged culture. L-Glutamine, L-asparagine, a number of amino acids, and urea supported excellent growth in a glucose – mineral salts medium supplemented with thiamine and pyridoxine, while several amino acids, acetamide, ethylamine, and methylamine were not utilized. D-Asparagine was not utilized, D-aspartic acid was utilized to a limited extent, while D-alanine supported as much growth as L-alanine. Nitrate and nitrite were not utilized and in initial experiments ammonium salts supported only limited growth, their utilization being accompanied by a rapid fall in the pH of the medium to inhibitory levels. Subsequently ammonium salts were found to be excellent sources of nitrogen provided the pH was controlled either by titration or by the inclusion of organic acids in the medium. A number of organic acids were found to be effective and, in general, their effectiveness was correlated with their buffering capacity within the pH range 3 to 6. Although pyruvic and α-ketoglutaric acids were taken up during growth it seemed improbable that they participated directly in ammonia utilization. With ammonium chloride as nitrogen source, changes in the pH, ammonia, total, and amino nitrogen levels were followed throughout growth when pyruvic acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, L-alanine, or L-glutamic acid were added to the medium. The results again indicated that pH was the main factor controlling growth. They also demonstrated that amino nitrogen is utilized for growth far more efficiently than ammonia nitrogen.

scholarly journals Instantaneous Low Temperature Gelation by a Multicomponent Organogelator Liquid System Based on Ammonium Salts

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (48) ◽  
pp. 19559-19559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel García Velázquez ◽  
David Díaz Díaz ◽  
Ángel Gutiérrez Ravelo ◽  
José Juan Marrero Tellado
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Liquid System ◽  
Ammonium Salts
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