THE UTILIZATION OF NITROGEN COMPOUNDS, ESPECIALLY AMMONIA, BY A LOW-TEMPERATURE BASIDIOMYCETE

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1071-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. B. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

The nitrogen nutrition of a low-temperature basidiomycete, a cause of snow mold in Western Canada, was studied in submerged culture. L-Glutamine, L-asparagine, a number of amino acids, and urea supported excellent growth in a glucose – mineral salts medium supplemented with thiamine and pyridoxine, while several amino acids, acetamide, ethylamine, and methylamine were not utilized. D-Asparagine was not utilized, D-aspartic acid was utilized to a limited extent, while D-alanine supported as much growth as L-alanine. Nitrate and nitrite were not utilized and in initial experiments ammonium salts supported only limited growth, their utilization being accompanied by a rapid fall in the pH of the medium to inhibitory levels. Subsequently ammonium salts were found to be excellent sources of nitrogen provided the pH was controlled either by titration or by the inclusion of organic acids in the medium. A number of organic acids were found to be effective and, in general, their effectiveness was correlated with their buffering capacity within the pH range 3 to 6. Although pyruvic and α-ketoglutaric acids were taken up during growth it seemed improbable that they participated directly in ammonia utilization. With ammonium chloride as nitrogen source, changes in the pH, ammonia, total, and amino nitrogen levels were followed throughout growth when pyruvic acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, L-alanine, or L-glutamic acid were added to the medium. The results again indicated that pH was the main factor controlling growth. They also demonstrated that amino nitrogen is utilized for growth far more efficiently than ammonia nitrogen.

Effect of temperature on the growth of wheat. III. Chemical constituents of Marquillo, Kenya Farmer, and two dwarf progeny grown at three temperatures

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Te Yao ◽  
David T. Canvin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Low Temperature Treatment ◽  
Marked Accumulation

Marquillo × Kenya Farmer wheat dwarfs 1 and 2 were grown at 16 °C (inhibited "grass-clump" habit), at 21 °C and at 26° (normal habit). The parent varieties were grown under the same conditions for comparison.Analysis of the dwarf strains grown at 16 °C revealed that there was no deficiency of soluble carbohydrate, amino acids, organic acids or chlorophyll when compared to the parent varieties or to the dwarf strains grown at 26 °C. Rather there was marked accumulation of most of these substances in the non-growing plants at 16 °C. The results are consistent with the view that the suspension of growth in the dwarf plants is not due to the lack of ability to synthesize organic metabolites but rather that an inhibitor is accumulated during the low temperature treatment that blocks growth by some other mechanism.

Nitrogen nutrition and regulation of cephalosporin production in Streptomyces clavuligerus

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yair Aharonowitz ◽  
Arnold L. Demain
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Streptomyces Clavuligerus ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Repressive Effect

When used as sole nitrogen source, certain amino acids (e.g., proline, asparagine) supported both growth and sporulation by Streptomyces clavuligerus streaked onto solid defined medium. Ammonium supported growth but suppressed sporulation. Amino nitrogen was best for cephalosporin production in liquid defined medium, although urea was almost as useful. A comparison of amino acids showed asparagine and glutamine to be the best nitrogen sources and arginine to be almost as good. Ammonium salts supported a somewhat lower growth rate than asparagine, but antibiotic production was very poor on these inorganic nitrogen sources. Addition of ammonium to asparagine did not affect growth rate but increased mycelial mass; cephalosporin production was reduced by about 75%. Antibiotic production was more closely associated with growth in the absence of ammonium than in its presence, indicating a strong inhibitory and (or) repressive effect of NH4+ on antibiotic production. Ammonium exerted its negative effect when added at 24 h or earlier, i.e. before antibiotic formation began.

Effects of gastric nutritional supplementation on fetal umbilical uptake of nutrients

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (3) ◽  
pp. E178-E185 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. E. Charlton ◽  
B. L. Reis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Nutritional Supplementation ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Umbilical Blood

Intrauterine nutritional supplementation may be of therapeutic benefit to the malnourished, growth-retarded fetus. Using 14 chronically catheterized, third trimester fetal lambs, we evaluated the effects of gastric infusions of amino acids and glucose on umbilical uptake of alpha-amino nitrogen, glucose, lactate, and oxygen. When amino acids were infused, amino nitrogen was gained through the intestine at an average rate equal to 45% of fetal umbilical uptake of amino nitrogen. There were no consistent changes in umbilical uptake of the measured nutrients, except for a small decrease in umbilical uptake of oxygen (P less than 0.05). No relationship were found between changes in fetal amino nitrogen levels or changes in fetal-maternal amino nitrogen concentration gradients and umbilical uptake of amino nitrogen. When glucose was infused, glucose was absorbed through the intestine at an average rate equal to 42% of fetal umbilical uptake of glucose. There were no changes in umbilical uptake of amino nitrogen, lactate, or oxygen. Umbilical uptake of glucose decreased, however, in inverse proportion to both the glucose infusion rate (P less than 0.005) and the rise in fetal glucose concentration (P less than 0.025). This limited the quantity of glucose that could be gained by the fetus, via gastrointestinal supplementation. During the infusions, we also observed a change in the pattern of fetal lower body blood flow. There was a 12% decrease in the mean umbilical blood flow (P less than 0.005) and a 22% increase in mean intestinal flow (P less than 0.05).

Renal responses to amino acids in the sheep fetus

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (6) ◽  
pp. R1226-R1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Woods ◽  
A. R. Hohimer ◽  
L. E. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Acid Infusion ◽  
Amino Acid Infusion ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Amino Acid Levels

Adult animals and humans are known to increase renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in response to an acute protein load or amino acid infusion; however, the ontogeny of this phenomenon is not known. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that, despite normally high baseline amino acid levels in the fetus, increases in plasma amino acids stimulate increases in GFR before birth. Eight chronically instrumented fetal sheep (126 +/- 1 days gestation) were infused with a mixture of amino acids (0.15 and 0.30 mmol . kg-1 . min-1 i.v.). Plasma alpha-amino nitrogen levels increased significantly from 7.1 +/- 0.3 to 13.0 +/- 0.9 and 25.5 +/- 2.1 mg/dl, respectively, in response to the two doses, and GFR increased significantly from 3.2 +/- 0.4 to 4.0 +/- 0.5 and 4.6 +/- 0.5 ml/min, respectively. Arterial pressure did not change. Renal amino acid reabsorption was significantly increased at all time points during the amino acid infusion, reaching a value nearly five times that of control by the last clearance period. Na+ reabsorption was also increased throughout the infusion. Na+, K+, and Cl- excretions increased significantly only at the very last time point. These data indicate that the mechanism or mechanisms responsible for amino acid-induced hyperfiltration are present and functional even before birth in the sheep. Because maternal eating patterns and protein intake are known to change maternal plasma amino acid levels and amino acids are actively transported across the placenta, our findings suggest that both acute and chronic changes in maternal protein intake may alter fetal renal function.

ALTERATIONS IN THE NITROGEN METABOLISM OF MEDICAGO SATIVA AND DACTYLIS GLOMERATA AS INFLUENCED BY POTASSIUM AND SULFUR NUTRITION

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Adams ◽  
R. W. Sheard
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Potassium Deficiency ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Sulfur Deficiency ◽  
Sulfur Nutrition

The cold–water–soluble nitrogen of alfalfa and orchardgrass was fractionated into ammonia, amide, nitrate, and amino nitrogen. Normal, potassium-deficient, sulfur-deficient, and potassium- plus sulfur-deficient forage samples were used. Determinations were also made of the water-soluble amino acids and of the insoluble nitrogen.Potassium deficiency resulted in an increase in ammonia nitrogen. Sulfur deficiency resulted in an increase in nitrate and amide nitrogen.Of the 18 amino acids determined in both species, arginine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid were increased by sulfur deficiency but potassium deficiency had no effect on these acids. Leucine and lysine increased in potassium-deficient plants but were not affected by sulfur deficiency. Alanine was decreased by potassium deficiency. Glycine, valine, isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine, and ornithine increased under conditions of potassium or sulfur deficiency.

SUPERMET 2205

Alloy Digest ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steels ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Low Temperature Performance

Abstract Supermet 2205 is a manual metal arc (MMA) electrode with enhanced chromium, molybdenum, and nitrogen levels. It is used for welding standard 22% Cr duplex austenitic/ferritic stainless steels. This datasheet provides information on composition, microstructure, hardness, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on low temperature performance as well as joining. Filing Code: SS-903. Producer or source: Metrode Products Ltd.

scholarly journals Profiles of Secondary Metabolites (Phenolic Acids, Carotenoids, Anthocyanins, and Galantamine) and Primary Metabolites (Carbohydrates, Amino Acids, and Organic Acids) during Flower Development in Lycoris radiata

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Chang Ha Park ◽  
Hyeon Ji Yeo ◽  
Ye Jin Kim ◽  
Bao Van Nguyen ◽  
Ye Eun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Hydrophilic Compounds ◽  
Tca Cycle Intermediates

This study aimed to elucidate the variations in primary and secondary metabolites during Lycorisradiata flower development using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). The result showed that seven carotenoids, seven phenolic acids, three anthocyanins, and galantamine were identified in the L. radiata flowers. Most secondary metabolite levels gradually decreased according to the flower developmental stages. A total of 51 metabolites, including amines, sugars, sugar intermediates, sugar alcohols, amino acids, organic acids, phenolic acids, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, were identified and quantified using GC-TOFMS. Among the hydrophilic compounds, most amino acids increased during flower development; in contrast, TCA cycle intermediates and sugars decreased. In particular, glutamine, asparagine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid, which represent the main inter- and intracellular nitrogen carriers, were positively correlated with the other amino acids and were negatively correlated with the TCA cycle intermediates. Furthermore, quantitation data of the 51 hydrophilic compounds were subjected to partial least-squares discriminant analyses (PLS-DA) to assess significant differences in the metabolites of L. radiata flowers from stages 1 to 4. Therefore, this study will serve as the foundation for a biochemical approach to understand both primary and secondary metabolism in L. radiata flower development.

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