scholarly journals Low-Cost Optodiagnostic for Minute-Time Scale Detection of SARS-CoV-2

ACS Nano ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Lopes Ferreira ◽  
Lucas Felipe de Lima ◽  
Marcelo Der Torossian Torres ◽  
William Reis de Araujo ◽  
Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scale Detection

PORTABLE SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY CAMERA SYSTEM

2013 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 1340008 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. GENET
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Coherence Time ◽  
Speckle Interferometry ◽  
Ccd Cameras ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Double Stars ◽  
Wide Range

Speckle interferometry of close double stars avoids seeing limitations through a series of diffraction-limited high speed observations made faster than the atmospheric coherence time scale. Electron multiplying CCD cameras have low read noise at high read speeds, making them ideal for speckle interferometry. A portable speckle camera system was developed based on relatively low cost, off-the-shelf components. The camera's modular components can be exchanged to adapt the system to a wide range of telescopes.

Quadratic time-scale detection of microemboli in flowing blood with Doppler ultrasound

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian S. Krongold ◽  
Akbar M. Sayeed ◽  
Mark Moehring ◽  
James A. Ritcey ◽  
M. Spencer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Flowing Blood ◽  
Scale Detection

scholarly journals Minute-scale detection of SARS-CoV-2 using a low-cost biosensor composed of pencil graphite electrodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (30) ◽  
pp. e2106724118
Author(s):  
Lucas F. de Lima ◽  
André L. Ferreira ◽  
Marcelo D. T. Torres ◽  
William R. de Araujo ◽  
Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Graphite Electrodes ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Do It Yourself ◽  
Scale Detection

COVID-19 has led to over 3.47 million deaths worldwide and continues to devastate primarily middle- and low-income countries. High-frequency testing has been proposed as a potential solution to prevent outbreaks. However, current tests are not sufficiently low-cost, rapid, or scalable to enable broad COVID-19 testing. Here, we describe LEAD (Low-cost Electrochemical Advanced Diagnostic), a diagnostic test that detects severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within 6.5 min and costs $1.50 per unit to produce using easily accessible and commercially available materials. LEAD is highly sensitive toward SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (limit of detection = 229 fg⋅mL−1) and displays an excellent performance profile using clinical saliva (100.0% sensitivity, 100.0% specificity, and 100.0% accuracy) and nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal (88.7% sensitivity, 86.0% specificity, and 87.4% accuracy) samples. No cross-reactivity was detected with other coronavirus or influenza strains. Importantly, LEAD also successfully diagnosed the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 UK variant. The device presents high reproducibility under all conditions tested and preserves its original sensitivity for 5 d when stored at 4 °C in phosphate-buffered saline. Our low-cost and do-it-yourself technology opens new avenues to facilitate high-frequency testing and access to much-needed diagnostic tests in resource-limited settings and low-income communities.

scholarly journals A Real-Time Scale Detection System Based on Synchronous Addition and Subtraction Processing

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1183-1190
Author(s):  
Tsutomu SAITO ◽  
Shigeru KOBAYASHI ◽  
Miori OZAWA ◽  
Miho WADAMORI ◽  
Yoshiaki TADOKORO
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Real Time Scale ◽  
Addition And Subtraction ◽  
Scale Detection

scholarly journals Time-scale detection of microemboli in flowing blood with Doppler ultrasound

1999 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1081-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Krongold ◽  
A.M. Sayeed ◽  
M.A. Moehring ◽  
J.A. Ritcey ◽  
M.P. Spencer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Flowing Blood ◽  
Scale Detection

scholarly journals Clocks, power and synchronization in duty-cycled wireless sensor nodes

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mile Stojcev ◽  
Ljubisa Golubovic ◽  
Tatjana Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Synchronization ◽  
Clock Synchronization ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Reference Source ◽  
Common Time

Recent advances in CMOS VLSI ICs and micro-electromechanical technology have led to development of small, low-cost, and low-power multifunctional sensors. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are large-scale networks of such sensors, dedicated to observing and monitoring various aspects of the physical world. Some intrinsic properties of WSNs including limited resource of energy, storage, computation, and bandwidth, make traditional synchronization methods unsuitable for WSNs. Time synchronization as an important issue consists of giving all sensor nodes (SNs) of the WSN a common time scale to operate. The common time scale is usually achieved by periodically synchronizing the clock of each SN to a reference source. In this manner the local time seen by each SN of the network is approximately the same, and time synchronization allows the entire system to cooperate. This paper gives a brief look to the time synchronization problem and the need for synchronization in WSNs. Then it points out that clock systems become a bottle-neck, after that it presents the available current clock technologies, next it examines the influence of these clock technologies, and finally provides guidelines for WSN developers who must choose among the different clock synchronization techniques.

Large-scale Motion of Solar Filaments

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Pavel Ambrož ◽  
Alfred Schroll
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Proper Motion ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Solar Filaments ◽  
General Movement ◽  
Scale Motion ◽  
Velocity Scatter

AbstractPrecise measurements of heliographic position of solar filaments were used for determination of the proper motion of solar filaments on the time-scale of days. The filaments have a tendency to make a shaking or waving of the external structure and to make a general movement of whole filament body, coinciding with the transport of the magnetic flux in the photosphere. The velocity scatter of individual measured points is about one order higher than the accuracy of measurements.

The E-ring: interactions with plasma and implications for its evolution

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 599-602
Author(s):  
T.V. Johnson ◽  
G.E. Morfill ◽  
E. Grun
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Particle Removal ◽  
Density Region ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Orbit Evolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ring Particle ◽  
Ring Material

A number of lines of evidence suggest that the particles making up the E-ring are small, on the order of a few microns or less in size (Terrile and Tokunaga, 1980, BAAS; Pang et al., 1982 Saturn meeting; Tucson, AZ). This suggests that a variety of electromagnetic and plasma affects may be important in considering the history of such particles. We have shown (Morfill et al., 1982, J. Geophys. Res., in press) that plasma drags forces from the corotating plasma will rapidly evolve E-ring particle orbits to increasing distance from Saturn until a point is reached where radiation drag forces acting to decrease orbital radius balance this outward acceleration. This occurs at approximately Rhea's orbit, although the exact value is subject to many uncertainties. The time scale for plasma drag to move particles from Enceladus' orbit to the outer E-ring is ~104yr. A variety of effects also act to remove particles, primarily sputtering by both high energy charged particles (Cheng et al., 1982, J. Geophys. Res., in press) and corotating plasma (Morfill et al., 1982). The time scale for sputtering away one micron particles is also short, 102 - 10 yrs. Thus the detailed particle density profile in the E-ring is set by a competition between orbit evolution and particle removal. The high density region near Enceladus' orbit may result from the sputtering yeild of corotating ions being less than unity at this radius (e.g. Eviatar et al., 1982, Saturn meeting). In any case, an active source of E-ring material is required if the feature is not very ephemeral - Enceladus itself, with its geologically recent surface, appears still to be the best candidate for the ultimate source of E-ring material.

Decomposition of the metastable beta titanium alloy Ti-15-3

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 264-265
Author(s):  
Y. L. Chen ◽  
S. Fujlshiro
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Alpha Phase ◽  
Thick Sheet ◽  
Omega Phase ◽  
Beta Titanium Alloy ◽  
Beta Titanium ◽  
Beta Matrix ◽  
Metastable Beta ◽  
Very High

Metastable beta titanium alloys have been known to have numerous advantages such as cold formability, high strength, good fracture resistance, deep hardenability, and cost effectiveness. Very high strength is obtainable by precipitation of the hexagonal alpha phase in a bcc beta matrix in these alloys. Precipitation hardening in the metastable beta alloys may also result from the formation of transition phases such as omega phase. Ti-15-3 (Ti-15V- 3Cr-3Al-3Sn) has been developed recently by TIMET and USAF for low cost sheet metal applications. The purpose of the present study was to examine the aging characteristics in this alloy.The composition of the as-received material is: 14.7 V, 3.14 Cr, 3.05 Al, 2.26 Sn, and 0.145 Fe. The beta transus temperature as determined by optical metallographic method was about 770°C. Specimen coupons were prepared from a mill-annealed 1.2 mm thick sheet, and solution treated at 827°C for 2 hr in argon, then water quenched. Aging was also done in argon at temperatures ranging from 316 to 616°C for various times.

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