Digital Light Processing 3D Printing of PDMS-Based Soft and Elastic Materials with Tunable Mechanical Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Du ◽  
Johan Basuki ◽  
Veronica Glattauer ◽  
Caroline Mesnard ◽  
Anh Tuan Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Elastic Materials ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Tunable Mechanical Properties

scholarly journals Synthesis and Formulation of PCL-Based Urethane Acrylates for DLP 3D Printers

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1500
Author(s):  
Hsuan Chen ◽  
Shyh-Yuan Lee ◽  
Yuan-Min Lin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Tunable Mechanical Properties

In this study, three PCL-based polyurethane acrylates were synthesized and further formulated into twelve resins for digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. Three PCL diols with different molecular weights were synthesized via ring-opening reaction of ε-caprolactone on diethylene glycol, with the catalyst stannous octoate. Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) was reacted with 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA) and the PCL diols form PCL-based polyurethane acrylates. Twelve resins composed of different percentages of PCL-based polyurethane acrylates, poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), propylene glycol (PPG) and photo-initiator were further printed from a DLP 3D printer. The viscosities of twelve resins decreased by 10 times and became printable after adding 30% of PEGDA. The degree of conversion for the twelve resins can reach more than 80% after the post-curing process. By changing the amount of PEGDA and PPG, the mechanical properties of the twelve resins could be adjusted. PUA530-PEG-PPG (70:30:0), PUA800-PEG-PPG (70:30:0), and PUA1000-PEG-PPG (70:30:0) were successfully printed into customized tissue scaffolds. Twelve PCL-based polyurethane photo-curable resins with tunable mechanical properties, cytotoxicity, and degradability were successfully prepared. With the DLP 3D printing technique, a complex structure could be achieved. These resins have great potential for customized tissue engineering and other biomedical application.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of Urethane Acrylate-Based 3D-Printed Denture Base Resin

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 822
Author(s):  
Jy-Jiunn Tzeng ◽  
Tzu-Sen Yang ◽  
Wei-Fang Lee ◽  
Hsuan Chen ◽  
Hung-Ming Chang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Uv Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Urethane Acrylate ◽  
Shore Hardness ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Denture Base

In this study, five urethane acrylates (UAs), namely aliphatic urethane hexa-acrylate (87A), aromatic urethane hexa-acrylate (88A), aliphatic UA (588), aliphatic urethane triacrylate diluted in 15% HDD (594), and high-functional aliphatic UA (5812), were selected to formulate five UA-based photopolymer resins for digital light processing (DLP)-based 3D printing. Each UA (40 wt%) was added and blended homogenously with ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (40 wt%), isobornyl acrylate (12 wt%), diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide (3 wt%), and a pink acrylic (5 wt%). Each UA-based resin specimen was designed using CAD software and fabricated using a DLP 3D printer to specific dimensions. Characteristics, mechanical properties, and cytotoxicity levels of these designed UA-based resins were investigated and compared with a commercial 3D printing denture base acrylic resin (BB base) control group at different UV exposure times. Shore hardness-measurement data and MTT assays were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni’s post hoc test, whereas viscosity, maximum strength, and modulus were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test (α = 0.05). UA-based photopolymer resins with tunable mechanical properties were successfully prepared by replacing the UA materials and the UV exposure times. After 15 min of UV exposure, the 5812 and 594 groups exhibited higher viscosities, whereas the 88A and 87A groups exhibited lower viscosities compared with the BB base group. Maximum flexural strength, flexural modulus, and Shore hardness values also revealed significant differences among materials (p < 0.001). Based on MTT assay results, the UA-based photopolymer resins were nontoxic. In the present study, mechanical properties of the designed photopolymer resins could be adjusted by changing the UA or UV exposure time, suggesting that aliphatic urethane acrylate has good potential for use in the design of printable resins for DLP-type 3D printing in dental applications.

Effect of print orientation on microstructural features and mechanical properties of 3D porous structures printed with continuous digital light processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017-1029
Author(s):  
Javier Navarro ◽  
Matthew Din ◽  
Morgan Elizabeth Janes ◽  
Jay Swayambunathan ◽  
John P. Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Biaxial Loading ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Simple Compression ◽  
Microct Imaging ◽  
Microporous Scaffolds ◽  
Part Orientation

Purpose This paper aims to study the effects of part orientation during the 3D printing process, particularly to the case of using continuous digital light processing (cDLP) technology. Design/methodology/approach The effects of print orientation on the print accuracy of microstructural features were assessed using microCT imaging and mechanical properties of cDLP microporous scaffolds were characterized under simple compression and complex biaxial loading. Resin viscosity was also quantified to incorporate this factor in the printing discussion. Findings The combined effect of print resin viscosity and the orientation and spacing of pores within the structure alters how uncrosslinked resin flows within the construct during cDLP printing. Microstructural features in horizontally printed structures exhibited greater agreement to the design dimensions than vertically printed constructs. While cDLP technologies have the potential to produce mechanically isotropic solid constructs because of bond homogeneity, the effect of print orientation on microstructural feature sizes can result in structurally anisotropic porous constructs. Originality/value This work is useful to elucidate on the specific capabilities of 3D printing cDLP technology. The orientation of the part can be used to optimize the printing process, directly altering parameters such as the supporting structures required, print time, layering, shrinkage or surface roughness. This study further detailed the effects on the mechanical properties and the print accuracy of the printed scaffolds.

scholarly journals DLP 3D Printing Meets Lignocellulosic Biopolymers: Carboxymethyl Cellulose Inks for 3D Biocompatible Hydrogels

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Melilli ◽  
Irene Carmagnola ◽  
Chiara Tonda-Turo ◽  
Fabrizio Pirri ◽  
Gianluca Ciardelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Biomedical Field

The development of new bio-based inks is a stringent request for the expansion of additive manufacturing towards the development of 3D-printed biocompatible hydrogels. Herein, methacrylated carboxymethyl cellulose (M-CMC) is investigated as a bio-based photocurable ink for digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. CMC is chemically modified using methacrylic anhydride. Successful methacrylation is confirmed by 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. Aqueous formulations based on M-CMC/lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) photoinitiator and M-CMC/Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)/LAP show high photoreactivity upon UV irradiation as confirmed by photorheology and FTIR. The same formulations can be easily 3D-printed through a DLP apparatus to produce 3D shaped hydrogels with excellent swelling ability and mechanical properties. Envisaging the application of the hydrogels in the biomedical field, cytotoxicity is also evaluated. The light-induced printing of cellulose-based hydrogels represents a significant step forward in the production of new DLP inks suitable for biomedical applications.

3D printing of an extremely tough hydrogel

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (99) ◽  
pp. 81324-81329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhua Wei ◽  
Jilong Wang ◽  
Siheng Su ◽  
Shiren Wang ◽  
Jingjing Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Tunable Mechanical Properties

A super tough hydrogel with tunable mechanical properties was 3D printed.

3D Printing of an In Situ Grown MOF Hydrogel with Tunable Mechanical Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (29) ◽  
pp. 33267-33275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wangqu Liu ◽  
Ozan Erol ◽  
David H. Gracias
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Tunable Mechanical Properties

scholarly journals Effects of Cellulose Nanocrystal and Inorganic Nanofillers on the Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D-Printed Photopolymer Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6835
Author(s):  
Sang-U Bae ◽  
Birm-June Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Stress Transfer ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystal ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Cellulose Nanomaterials

Photopolymer composites filled with cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and/or inorganic nanofillers were fabricated by using digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. To investigate the effects of different CNC lyophilization concentrations and behaviors of CNC particles in the photopolymer composites, morphological and mechanical properties were analyzed. CNC loading levels affected the morphological and mechanical properties of the filled composites. Better CNC dispersion was seen at a lower lyophilization concentration, and the highest mechanical strength was observed in the 0.25 wt% CNC-filled composite. Furthermore, nano-precipitated calcium carbonate (nano-PCC) and nanoclay were added to photocurable resins, and then the effect of inorganic nanofillers on the morphological and mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated. By analyzing the morphological properties, the stress transfer mechanism of nano-PCC and nanoclay in the photopolymer composites was identified and related models were presented. These supported the improved mechanical strength of the composites filled with CNC, nano-PCC, and nanoclay. This study suggested a new approach using wood-derived cellulose nanomaterials and inorganic nanofillers as effective fillers for DLP 3D printing.

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