Controlled Nanoscale Cracking of Graphene Ribbons by Polymer Shrinkage

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1529-1539
Author(s):  
Anjishnu Sarkar ◽  
Debadrita Paria ◽  
Ishan Barman ◽  
David H. Gracias
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Shrinkage

Thermoplastic Polymer Shrinkage in Emerging Molding Processes

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 789-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Gershon ◽  
L. S. Gyger ◽  
H. A. Bruck ◽  
S. K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Polymer ◽  
Polymer Shrinkage

scholarly journals Numerical Model and Experimental Validation for Laser Sinterable Semi-Crystalline Polymer: Shrinkage and Warping

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Li ◽  
Shangqin Yuan ◽  
Jihong Zhu ◽  
Shaoying Li ◽  
Weihong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Crystalline Polymer ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Mechanical Models ◽  
Powder Fusion ◽  
Polymer Shrinkage

Shrinkage and warping of additive manufacturing (AM) parts are two critical issues that adversely influence the dimensional accuracy especially in powder bed fusion processes such as selective laser sintering (SLS). Powder fusion, material solidification, and recrystallization are the key stages causing volumetric changes of polymeric materials during the abrupt heating–cooling process. In this work, the mechanisms of shrinkage and warping of semi-crystalline polyamide (PA) 12 in SLS are well investigated. Heat-transfer and thermo-mechanical models are established to predict the process-dependent shrinkage and warping. The influence of raw material- and laser-related parameters are considered in the heat-transfer and thermo-mechanical models. Such models are established considering the natural thermal gradient and dynamic recrystallization, which induce internal strain and volumetric change. Moreover, an experimental design via orthogonal approach is introduced to validate the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed models. Finally, the quantitative relationships of process parameters with product shrinkage and warping are established; the dimensional accuracy in part-scale can be well predicted and validated with printed parts in a real experiment.

scholarly journals Shrinkage-Considered Mold Design for Improvement of Micro/Nano-Structured Optical Element Performance

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minsu Kim ◽  
Eun Song Oh ◽  
Moon Kyu Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Optical Element ◽  
Master Mold ◽  
Optical Performance ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Quality Product ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Micro Lens Array ◽  
Polymer Shrinkage

Polymer shrinkage in nano-imprint lithography (NIL) is one of the critical issues that must be considered in order to produce a quality product. Especially, this condition should be considered during the manufacture of optical elements, because micro/nano-structured optical elements should be controlled to fit the desired shape in order to achieve the intended optical performance. In this paper, during NIL, we characterized the shrinkage of polymeric resin on micro lens array (MLA), which is one of the representative micro/nano-structured optical elements. The curvature shape and optical performance of MLA were measured to check the shrinkage tendency during the process. The master mold of MLA was generated by the two-photon polymerization (2PP) additive manufacturing method, and the tested samples were replicated from the master mold with NIL. Several types of resin were adjusted to prepare the specimens, and the shrinkage effects in each case were compared. The shrinkage showed different trends based on the NIL materials and MLA shapes. These characterizations can be applied to compensate for the MLA design, and the desired performance of MLA products can be achieved with a corrected master mold.

scholarly journals Effect of the photoinitiator system on the properties of a dental material based on a hybrid polymer

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Aurélio de Souza Venter ◽  
Gedalias Custódio Martim ◽  
Andressa Dos Santos ◽  
Tiago Roerto Detomini ◽  
Eduardo Radovanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Dental Composites ◽  
Inorganic Filler ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Hybrid Polymer ◽  
Dental Resin ◽  
Hybrid Polymers ◽  
Dental Resins ◽  
Polymer Shrinkage ◽  
Properties Of Composites

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> In this study, the effects of two different cure protocols upon the properties of composites using a hybrid-polymer as dental resin were evaluated. <strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Two distinct dental composites were prepared, one containing a mixture of TEGDMA/bis-GMA (50:50) and, another containing a mixture of TEGDMA/p-MEMO (50:50), [p-MEMO: oligomeric inorganic precursor]. Both composites were polymerized with lucirin and canphorquinone as photoinitiators. The composites were made with a 70 % wt of inorganic filler. Flexural strength was evaluated with a universal test machine and the degree of conversion was measured by infrared spectroscopy. A helium pycnometer was used to obtain polymer shrinkage data. Sorption tests were performed and SEM microscopy was used to show deleterious effects upon the resins’ surfaces. <strong>Results:</strong> The sample base on TEGDMA/p-MEMO polymerized with lucirin (L-T/p) showed the best values of the monitored properties. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Lucirin is the most suitable photoinitiator for dental composites containing hybrid polymers.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p><strong></strong>Dental resins; Flexural strength; Hybrid polymer; Photoinitiator system; Polymerization shrinkage.</p>

scholarly journals Fabrication of Plano-Concave Plastic Lens by Novel Injection Molding Using Carbide-Bonded Graphene-Coated Silica Molds

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Liu ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Wenchen Zhou ◽  
Tianfeng Zhou ◽  
Jianfeng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Mold Material ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Stress Distributions ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
High Level ◽  
Polymer Shrinkage

Injection molding of plastic optical lenses prevails over many other techniques in both efficiency and cost; however, polymer shrinkage during cooling, high level of uneven residual stresses, and refractive index variations have limited its potential use for high precision lens fabrication. In this research, we adopted a newly developed strong graphene network to both plano and convex fused silica mold surfaces and proposed a novel injection molding with graphene-coated fused silica molds. This advanced injection molding process was implemented in the molding of polymer-based plano-concave lenses resulting in reduced polymer shrinkage. In addition, internal residual stresses and refractive index variations were also analyzed and discussed in detail. Meanwhile, as a comparison of conventional injection mold material, aluminum mold inserts with the same shape and size were also diamond machined and then employed to mold the same plano-concave lenses. Finally, a simulation model using moldex3d was utilized to interpret stress distributions of both graphene and aluminum molds and then validated by experiments. The comparison between graphene-coated mold and aluminum mold reveals that the novel injection molding with carbide-bonded graphene-coated fused silica mold inserts is capable of molding high-quality optical lenses with much less shrinkage and residual stresses with a more uniform refractive index distribution.

scholarly journals Biomimetic nanochannels for the discrimination of sialylated glycans via a tug-of-war between glycan binding and polymer shrinkage

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 748-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minmin Li ◽  
Yuting Xiong ◽  
Dongdong Wang ◽  
Yunhai Liu ◽  
Bing Na ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Isomers ◽  
Responsive Polymer ◽  
Polymer Shrinkage

A glycan-responsive polymer-modified nanochannels system enables the precise discrimination of sialylated glycan linkage isomers via the different “OFF–ON” changes resulting from a “tug-of-war” between polymer-glycan binding and polymer shrinkage.

scholarly journals Influence of the binder technological shrinkage on the strength of composite reinforcement

2021 ◽  
Vol 350 ◽  
pp. 00001
Author(s):  
Vladimir Barsukov ◽  
Alla Volik ◽  
Sviatlana Sazon
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Shrinkage Effect ◽  
Predictive Assessment ◽  
Reinforcement Bar ◽  
Polymer Shrinkage ◽  
Engineering Personnel ◽  
Composite Reinforcement

A structural and mechanical analysis of the effect of polymer binder technological shrinkage on the destruction mechanisms and strength at break of construction composite reinforcement has been carried out. Using the results of our own experimental studies, as well as published data of other researchers, the differences in the destruction mechanisms of fiberglass and carbon fiber reinforcement are shown. A calculated assessment of the polymer shrinkage effect in the anchor sleeve on the appearance of additional shrinkage stresses in the interface between the reinforcement bar and the test anchor sleeve has been made. The results obtained make it possible to modernize the methodology for predictive assessment of the strength of composite construction reinforcement and can be used by engineering and technical workers of manufacturers and consumers of such reinforcement, as well as in the educational process in the preparation of engineering personnel for the construction profile.

Shrinkage reduction of dental composites by addition of expandable zirconia filler

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (26) ◽  
pp. 2817-2822 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Skovgaard ◽  
K. Almdal ◽  
B.F. Sørensen ◽  
S. Linderoth ◽  
A. van Lelieveld
Keyword(s):  
Crack Formation ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Tetragonal Zirconia ◽  
Dental Composites ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Monoclinic Zirconia ◽  
Dental Resin ◽  
Metastable Tetragonal Zirconia ◽  
Reaction With Water ◽  
Polymer Shrinkage

A problem with dental resin composites is the polymerization shrinkage, which makes the filling loosen from the tooth or induces crack formation. We have developed an expandable metastable tetragonal zirconia filler, which upon reaction with water, is able to counter the polymer shrinkage. The shrinkage of the composite was calculated from density measurements using Archimedes method. The rate of the phase transformation in resin was measured by determining the volume fraction of monoclinic zirconia ( vm). The composite had a vm of 0.5 after 8 h of water storage. The overall shrinkage of the composites was reduced from 3.2% (initially) to 1.7%.

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