Hydroxyl-Boosted Nitrogen Reduction Reaction: The Essential Role of Surface Hydrogen in Functionalized MXenes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingshuai Lv ◽  
Liangzhi Kou ◽  
Thomas Frauenheim
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Nitrogen Reduction ◽  
Surface Hydrogen

scholarly journals The Role of Structured Carbon in Downsized Transition Metal-Based Electrocatalysts toward a Green Nitrogen Fixation

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1529
Author(s):  
Marcello Ferrara ◽  
Michele Melchionna ◽  
Paolo Fornasiero ◽  
Manuela Bevilacqua
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Nanostructured Carbon ◽  
Nitrogen Reduction ◽  
Recent Trends

Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction Reaction (NRR) to ammonia is one of the most recent trends of research in heterogeneous catalysis for sustainability. The stark challenges posed by the NRR arise from many factors, beyond the strongly unfavored thermodynamics. The design of efficient heterogeneous electrocatalysts must rely on a suitable interplay of different components, so that the majority of research is focusing on development of nanohybrids or nanocomposites that synergistically harness the NRR sequence. Nanostructured carbon is one of the most versatile and powerful conductive supports that can be combined with metal species in an opportune manner, so as to guide the correct proceeding of the reaction and boost the catalytic activity.

The Role of Defects in Metal–Organic Frameworks for Nitrogen Reduction Reaction: When Defects Switch to Features

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (17) ◽  
pp. 2010052
Author(s):  
Islam E. Khalil ◽  
Cong Xue ◽  
Wenjing Liu ◽  
Xiaohan Li ◽  
Yu Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Nitrogen Reduction ◽  
Metal Organic

Essential role of Sharpin in TNFα dependent NFκB activation in primary hepatocytes

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Lange ◽  
S Sieber ◽  
A Erhardt ◽  
G Sass ◽  
HJ Kreienkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Primary Hepatocytes

Different Abilities of Thrombin Receptor Activating Peptide and Thrombin to Induce Platelet Calcium Rise and Full Release Reaction

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (05) ◽  
pp. 1323-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Lasne ◽  
José Donato ◽  
Hervé Falet ◽  
Francine Rendu
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Dense Granule ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Thrombin Receptor ◽  
Release Reaction ◽  
External Calcium ◽  
Maximum Rise ◽  
Granule Release

SummarySynthetic peptides (TRAP or Thrombin Receptor Activating Peptide) corresponding to at least the first five aminoacids of the new N-terminal tail generated after thrombin proteolysis of its receptor are effective to mimic thrombin. We have studied two different TRAPs (SFLLR, and SFLLRN) in their effectiveness to induce the different platelet responses in comparison with thrombin. Using Indo-1/AM- labelled platelets, the maximum rise in cytoplasmic ionized calcium was lower with TRAPs than with thrombin. At threshold concentrations allowing maximal aggregation (50 μM SFLLR, 5 μM SFLLRN and 1 nM thrombin) the TRAPs-induced release reaction was about the same level as with thrombin, except when external calcium was removed by addition of 1 mM EDTA. In these conditions, the dense granule release induced by TRAPs was reduced by over 60%, that of lysosome release by 75%, compared to only 15% of reduction in the presence of thrombin. Thus calcium influx was more important for TRAPs-induced release than for thrombin-induced release. At strong concentrations giving maximal aggregation and release in the absence of secondary mediators (by pretreatment with ADP scavengers plus aspirin), SFLLRN mobilized less calcium, with a fast return towards the basal level and induced smaller lysosome release than did thrombin. The results further demonstrate the essential role of external calcium in triggering sustained and full platelet responses, and emphasize the major difference between TRAP and thrombin in mobilizing [Ca2+]j. Thus, apart from the proteolysis of the seven transmembrane receptor, another thrombin binding site or thrombin receptor interaction is required to obtain full and complete responses.

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