scholarly journals Purification of Artemisinin from the Product Solution of a Semisynthetic Reaction within a Single Crystallization Step

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2074-2079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Horosanskaia ◽  
Susann Triemer ◽  
Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern ◽  
Heike Lorenz
Keyword(s):  
Product Solution

Selective Application of Glyphosate for Control of Larkspurs (Delphiniumspp.)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Ralphs ◽  
Larry V. Mickelsen ◽  
John O. Evans ◽  
Steven A. Dewey
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Tall Larkspur ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Product Solution

Glyphosate effectively kills duncecap and tall larkspur on mountain rangelands but it is nonselective and kills all other vegetation it contacts. Two selective application methods to treat individual plants were compared to demonstrate their efficacy in controlling larkspur and their effect on associated plant species: (1) spot spray with glyphosate concentration at 2% product solution (0.8% ai); (2) hand held wiper applicator with glyphosate concentration at 33% production solution (13.5% ai). The two methods were equally effective in killing most of the larkspur plants, but the sprayer applicator was more rapid and easier to apply. Neither method adversely affected foliar cover of associated perennial species. Glyphosate must be applied to the entire plant to ensure its mortality.

Encapsulation of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by the Supercritical Antisolvent Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Un Teng Lam ◽  
Roshan Yoganathan ◽  
Adam G. Carr ◽  
Raffaella Mammucari ◽  
Neil R. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticle ◽  
Supercritical Antisolvent ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticle ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle ◽  
Toxic Organic Solvents ◽  
Superparamagnetic Properties ◽  
Product Solution

The aim of the experiments in this research was to produce a coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) product that may be used as a contrasting agent for MRI. There are several methods that can be employed to coat SPIONs. However, many of the current methods employ toxic organic solvents which can be difficult to remove from the product solution. The encapsulation and characterization of SPIONs in Eudragit was done using a supercritical antisolvent system (SAS) with ethanol as the solvent and supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) as the antisolvent. Particles of diameters less than 200 nm were produced which had preserved superparamagnetic properties. An encapsulation efficiency of 70 % was achieved.

What price supersonic speed? A design anatomy of supersonic transportation Part 1

2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (1129) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Chudoba ◽  
G. Coleman ◽  
A. Oza ◽  
P. A. Czysz
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Supersonic Transport ◽  
Product Metrics ◽  
Business Jet ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Product Solution

Abstract The first generation of supersonic commercial transportation has seen three serious attempts to arrive at an economically and environmentally viable aircraft. The US B2707-200/300 design was cancelled early before a prototype could emerge; the Russian Tu-144 design succeeded to become the first supersonic transport but spanned only a few years of restricted airline service; the Anglo-French Concorde endured more than 27 glamorous airline service years until the last of its species was retired on 30 August 2003. This first generation was followed by a second generation of supersonic commercial transport projects in the time period between 1986 until about 1999, designs which did not proceed towards the production hardware stage. This study critically examines the anatomy of two generations of supersonic commercial transport design failures and successes in order to arrive at lessons learned free of ‘wishful thinking’. The design conditions leading to the identification of the product ‘solution space’ for an economically and environmentally acceptable supersonic commercial transport are discussed. Having assembled an understanding of the product metrics valid for supersonic commercial transports, the paper then provides an outlook for the first generation of supersonic corporate and cargo jet projects. This first generation of supersonic business jet (SSBJ) and supersonic cargo jet (SSCJ) projects spans a period of nearly two decades of development, starting from 1988 until today. The present study identifies that the product development metrics of this class of aircraft is radically different compared to the metrics valid for supersonic commercial transports. The challenges in VIP transportation and dedicated freight transportation at supersonic speeds are portrayed leading to two principal trains of thought targeting the development of the first supersonic business jet and/or supersonic cargo jet hardware: the development based on a new airframe, and alternatively the development based on an existing airframe.

RADIAL-AXIAL HEAT FLOW IN REGIONS BOUNDED INTERNALLY BY CIRCULAR CYLINDERS

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Blackwell
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Integral Transform ◽  
Circular Cylinders ◽  
Flow Problems ◽  
Solution Type ◽  
Transient Heat Flow ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Axial Heat ◽  
Simple Product ◽  
Product Solution

Two radial–axial transient heat flow problems have been solved for regions bounded internally by circular cylinders. They are not of the simple "product-solution" type and it is considered that they may have application in other fields of physics where the Diffusion Equation applies. The problems arose during investigation into "end-effect" in cylindrical thermal-conductivity probes. The solutions are obtained by integral-transform methods, two different types of transform being used in each solution.

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