scholarly journals Indirect Nanoplasmonic Sensing to Probe with a High Sensitivity the Interaction of Water Vapor with Soot Aerosols

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (20) ◽  
pp. 4148-4152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Demirdjian ◽  
Frederic Bedu ◽  
Alain Ranguis ◽  
Igor Ozerov ◽  
Artak Karapetyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
High Sensitivity

scholarly journals Characterization and mitigation of water vapor effects in the measurement of ozone by chemiluminescence with nitric oxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 9263-9295
Author(s):  
P. Boylan ◽  
D. Helmig ◽  
J.-H. Park
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Atmospheric Ozone ◽  
Permeable Membrane ◽  
Signal Correction ◽  
High Sensitivity Detection

Abstract. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of water vapor on the reaction of nitric oxide with ozone in a chemiluminescence instrument used for fast response and high sensitivity detection of atmospheric ozone. Water vapor was introduced into a constant level ozone standard and both ozone and water vapor signals were recorded at 10 Hz. The presence of water vapor was found to reduce, i.e. quench the ozone signal. A correction factor was determined to be 4.15 ± 0.14 × 10−3, which corresponds to a 4.15% increase in the measured ozone signal per 10 mmol mol−1 co-sampled water vapor. An ozone-inert water vapor permeable membrane (Nafion dryer) was installed in the sampling line and was shown to remove the bulk of the water vapor mole fraction in the sample air. At water vapor mole fractions above 25 mmol mol−1, the Nafion dryer removed over 75% of the water vapor in the sample. This reduced the ozone signal correction from over 11% to less than 2.5%. The Nafion dryer was highly effective at reducing the fast fluctuations of the water vapor signal (more than 97%) while leaving the ozone signal unaffected, which is a crucial improvement for minimizing the interference of water vapor fluxes on the ozone flux determination by the eddy covariance technique.

Supermagnetic cellulose nanocrystal hybrids reinforced PHBV nanocomposites with high sensitivity to intelligently detect water vapor

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 112704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somia Yassin Hussain Abdalkarim ◽  
Yanyan Wang ◽  
Hou-Yong Yu ◽  
Zhaofeng Ouyang ◽  
Rabie A.M. Asad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystal

Practical Algorithm for Reducing Convex Spike Noises on a Spectrum

2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiteru Katsumoto ◽  
Yukihiro Ozaki
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Moving Window ◽  
Smoothing Techniques ◽  
Quantitative Data Analysis ◽  
Raman And Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Practical Algorithm ◽  
The Difference

Quantitative data analysis and high-sensitivity measurements by use of Raman and infrared spectroscopy often suffer from noisy spikes such as those due to cosmic rays and water vapor. Since these spikes are unidirectional and isolated, the conventional smoothing techniques do a poor job of removing them. However, a small modification can improve these smoothing techniques significantly. In this paper, we present a simple denoising technique for a single-scan spectrum that is corrupted by convex spikes. In general, the noisy spikes arising from cosmic rays or water vapor have a much narrower bandwidth compared with target “informative” bands in Raman and infrared spectra. This means that these noisy spikes can be separated from the target bands by means of the difference in the bandwidths. The proposed method employs the moving window averaging procedure to distinguish and separate the convex spike. The proposed algorithm allows us to take away the convex spikes from measured spectra without preparing multiply recorded spectra and (much) biasing the measured spectrum.

scholarly journals REAL-TIME COMPARISON OF SEVERAL TRANSPIRATION METHODS FOR ESTIMATING GREENHOUSE VENTILATION RATE VIA WATER VAPOUR BALANCE METHOD

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Ahmad Tusi ◽  
Teruaki Shimazu
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Balance Method ◽  
Scattering Data ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Short Time Interval ◽  
Level Measurement

Transpiration rate is an essential factor in the water vapor balance method for estimating the ventilation rate in a greenhouse continuously. Several methods of transpiration measurement, i.e., electronic weighing device (Control), the sap flow measurement (SF), water level measurement (WL), and water flow rate measurement (WF) tested and evaluated on tomato crops in a naturally ventilated greenhouse. The objective was to compare these methods and establish the most affordable one to be used in a greenhouse condition to determine the ventilation rate using the water vapor balance approach. Results obtained with the SF particularly have a strong correlation and are not statistically different from the Control (r=0.89). The WF method gave good results and reliable for predicting the total of transpiration in the greenhouse. However, in our conditions, this method generally had a lag time of the transpiration rate in a short time interval basis (minute and hourly). But it had an excellent predicted transpiration rate in daily evapotranspiration. The WL suffered weak agreement to the Control due to the scattering data. It was affected by the very high sensitivity of the device, and it is not recommended to use on the farm level, like in a greenhouse. It appears that measurements with the control and the SF could be considered for monitoring the ventilation rate in the greenhouse using a water vapor balance technique.

scholarly journals New transitions and energy levels of water vapor by high sensitivity CRDS near 1.73 and 1.54 µm

2019 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 106574 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Mikhailenko ◽  
E.V. Karlovets ◽  
S. Vasilchenko ◽  
D. Mondelain ◽  
S. Kassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
High Sensitivity

scholarly journals High-mass Star Formation in the Regions IRAS 19217+1651 and 23151+5912

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S287) ◽  
pp. 182-183
Author(s):  
V. Migenes ◽  
I. T. Rodríguez ◽  
M. A. Trinidad
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Star Formation ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Mass Star ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Star Forming Regions

AbstractWe present and discuss VLA-EVLA high-sensitivity and spatial resolution observations of Water Vapor MASERs and continuum emission towards two sources that have been proposed in the literature to be high-mass star forming regions: IRAS 19217+1651 and 23151+5912. Our results indicate the presence of disks which can confirm that these regions are high-mass star forming regions.

scholarly journals Characterization and mitigation of water vapor effects in the measurement of ozone by chemiluminescence with nitric oxide

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1231-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Boylan ◽  
D. Helmig ◽  
J.-H. Park
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Permeable Membrane ◽  
Gas Cylinder ◽  
Signal Correction ◽  
Ozone Fluxes ◽  
High Sensitivity Detection

Abstract. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of water vapor on the reaction of nitric oxide with ozone in a gas-phase chemiluminescence instrument used for fast response and high sensitivity detection of atmospheric ozone. Water vapor was introduced into a constant level ozone standard and both ozone and water vapor signals were recorded at 10 Hz. The presence of water vapor was found to reduce, i.e. quench, the ozone signal. A dimensionless correction factor was determined to be 4.15 ± 0.14 × 10−3, which corresponds to a 4.15% increase in the corrected ozone signal per 10 mmol mol−1 of co-sampled water vapor. An ozone-inert water vapor permeable membrane (a Nafion dryer with a counterflow of dry air from a compressed gas cylinder) was installed in the sampling line and was shown to remove the bulk of the water vapor in the sample air. At water vapor mole fractions above 25 mmol mol−1, the Nafion dryer removed over 75% of the water vapor in the sample. This reduced the required ozone signal correction from over 11% to less than 2.5%. The Nafion dryer was highly effective at reducing the fast fluctuations of the water vapor signal (more than 97%) while leaving the ozone signal unaffected, which is a crucial improvement for minimizing the quenching interference of water vapor fluxes and required density correction in the determination of ozone fluxes by the eddy covariance technique.

scholarly journals Measuring Stratospheric H2O with an Airborne Spectrometer

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1502-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maziar Bani Shahabadi ◽  
Yi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Infrared Spectral

Abstract This study examines the ability of an infrared spectral sensor flying at the tropopause level for retrieving stratospheric H2O. Synthetic downwelling radiance spectra simulated by the line-by-line radiative transfer model are used for this examination. The potential of high-sensitivity water vapor retrieval is demonstrated by an ideal sensor with low detector noise, high spectral resolution, and full infrared coverage. A suite of hypothetical sensors with varying specifications is then examined to determine the technological requirements for a satisfactory retrieval. This study finds that including far infrared in the sensor’s spectral coverage is essential for achieving accurate H2O retrieval with an accuracy of 0.4 ppmv (1-sigma). The uncertainties in other gas species such as CH4, N2O, O3, and CO2 do not significantly affect the H2O retrieval. Such a hyperspectral instrument may afford an advantageous tool, especially for detecting small-scale lower-stratospheric moistening events.

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