Electrochemical Proton Reduction and Equilibrium Acidity (pKa) in Aprotic Ionic Liquids: Phenols, Carboxylic Acids, and Sulfonic Acids

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 (38) ◽  
pp. 21840-21851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron L. Bentley ◽  
Alan M. Bond ◽  
Anthony F. Hollenkamp ◽  
Peter J. Mahon ◽  
Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Sulfonic Acids ◽  
Proton Reduction

scholarly journals Simultaneous upgrading of biomass-derived sugars to HMF/furfural via enzymatically isomerized ketose intermediates

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Ashutosh Mittal ◽  
Heidi Pilath ◽  
Xiaowen Chen ◽  
Melvin P. Tucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Sodium Borate ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Hydroxymethyl Furfural ◽  
Dehydration Reactions ◽  
Biphasic Systems

Abstract Background Recently, exploring fermentative or chemical pathways that convert biomass-derived sugars to fuels/chemicals has attracted a lot of interest from many researchers. We are investigating a hydrocarbon pathway from mixed sugars via 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and furfural intermediates. To achieve this goal, we must first convert glucose and xylose to HMF and furfural in favorable yields. Current processes to produce HMF/furfural generally involve the use of acid catalysts in biphasic systems or solvents such as ionic liquids. However, the yield from transforming glucose to HMF is lower than the yield of furfural from xylose. Results In this study, we present an efficient chemical pathway simultaneously transforming glucose and xylose to HMF and furfural via ketose intermediates, i.e., fructose and xylulose, which were generated from glucose and xylose via enzymatic isomerization. In the enzymatic isomerization, by adding sodium borate to complex with the ketoses, xylose conversion reached equilibrium after 2 h with a conversion of 91% and glucose conversion reached 84% after 4 h. By enzymatically isomerizing the aldoses to ketoses, the following dehydration reactions to HMF and furfural could be performed at low process temperatures (i.e., 110–120 °C) minimizing the side reactions of the sugars and limiting the degradation of furfurals to humins and carboxylic acids. At 120 °C, pH 0.5, and 15 min reaction time, mixed ketose sugars were converted to HMF and furfural in yields of 77% and 96%, respectively (based on starting aldose concentrations). Conclusion Taken together, our results demonstrate that this combined biological and chemical process could be an effective pathway to simultaneously convert biomass-derived glucose and xylose to HMF and furfural, for use as intermediates in the production of hydrocarbons.

Switchable ionic liquids based on di-carboxylic acids for one-pot conversion of biomass to an advanced biofuel

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 4012-4021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Liszka ◽  
Aram Kang ◽  
N. V. S. N. Murthy Konda ◽  
Kim Tran ◽  
John M. Gladden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Microbial Fermentation ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Advanced Biofuel ◽  
Commercial Enzyme

We describe a novel class of ionic liquids based on di-carboxylic acids that have high pretreatment efficiency and are compatible with both commercial enzyme mixtures and microbial fermentation host organisms.

Vaporization of protic ionic liquids derived from organic superbases and short carboxylic acids

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (25) ◽  
pp. 16693-16701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe M. S. Ribeiro ◽  
Carlos F. R. A. C. Lima ◽  
Inês C. M. Vaz ◽  
Ana S. M. C. Rodrigues ◽  
Erlin Sapei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Cohesive Energy ◽  
Protic Ionic Liquids

Evaluation of the phase behavior and cohesive energy of DBN/DBU and carboxylic acid based protic ionic liquids (PILs).

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