Effect of the Large-Size A-Site Cation on the Crystal Growth and Phase Distribution of 2D/3D Mixed Perovskite Films via a Low-Pressure Vapor-Assisted Solution Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-An Chen ◽  
Hung-Wei Shiu ◽  
Yao-Jane Hsu ◽  
Laura E. Mundt ◽  
Wei-Ting Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Solution Process ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Large Size ◽  
A Site

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis of Difficulties of Growing Large-Size Bulk β-Ga2O3 Single Crystals with the Czochralski Method

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Xia Tang ◽  
Botao Liu ◽  
Yue Yu ◽  
Sheng Liu ◽  
Bing Gao
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Czochralski Method ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Spiral Growth ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Crystal Diameter ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid

The difficulties in growing large-size bulk β-Ga2O3 single crystals with the Czochralski method were numerically analyzed. The flow and temperature fields for crystals that were four and six inches in diameter were studied. When the crystal diameter is large and the crucible space becomes small, the flow field near the crystal edge becomes poorly controlled, which results in an unreasonable temperature field, which makes the interface velocity very sensitive to the phase boundary shape. The effect of seed rotation with increasing crystal diameter was also studied. With the increase in crystal diameter, the effect of seed rotation causes more uneven temperature distribution. The difficulty of growing large-size bulk β-Ga2O3 single crystals with the Czochralski method is caused by spiral growth. By using dynamic mesh technology to update the crystal growth interface, the calculation results show that the solid–liquid interface of the four-inch crystal is slightly convex and the center is slightly concave. With the increase of crystal growth time, the symmetry of cylindrical crystal will be broken, which will lead to spiral growth. The numerical results of the six-inch crystal show that the whole solid–liquid interface is concave and unstable, which is not conducive to crystal growth.

Bulk laser damage of large-size KDP crystals obtained at various crystal growth conditions

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina I. Kolybayeva ◽  
Igor M. Pritula ◽  
Viacheslav M. Puzikov ◽  
Vitaly I. Salo ◽  
Serge V. Garnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Laser Damage ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Kdp Crystals

Abstract 5251: Defective Inter-domain Interaction May Cause Spontaneous Ca 2+ Release Via Reduced Affinity of Calmodulin Binding to RyR2 in Failing Hearts

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Ono ◽  
Masafumi Yano ◽  
Takeshi Suetomi ◽  
Xiaojuan Xu ◽  
Hitoshi Uchinoumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domain Interaction ◽  
Mutation Site ◽  
Calmodulin Binding ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Rv Pacing ◽  
Co Addition ◽  
Domain Peptide ◽  
Fluorescence Quencher ◽  
A Site

We previously reported that interaction between N-terminal 1–600 and central domains 2000–2500 of ryanodine receptor (RyR2), harboring many mutation sites in CPVT, is defective (i.e. domain unzipping) in failing hearts. Here, we investigated the pathogenic role of calmodulin (CaM), one of the accessory proteins in RyR2, on Ca 2+ release in failing hearts. Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles were isolated from dog LV muscles {normal (N), n=6; 4-weeks rapid RV pacing (HF: n=6). To assess CaM binding to RyR2, SR was mixed with CaM-SANPAH conjugate (16nM-1μM), followed by UV photolysis. Then, the RyR2-bound CaM was detected by Western blotting using anti-CaM antibody. The affinity of CaM binding to RyR2 was lower in failing SR than normal SR (Kd: 47nM in HF: 19nM in N , p<0.01). To assess the possible relationship between domain unzipping and CaM dissociation from RyR2, RyR2 was also fluorescently labeled with methylcoumarin acetamido (MCA) using DP 2460–2495 (DPc10), which harbors a mutation site in CPVT; R2474S, as a site-directing carrier. In failing SR, domain unzipping was already taken place, as evidenced by an increased accessibility of the bound MCA to a large-size fluorescence quencher. Interestingly, addition of FK506 (10 μM), which was found to dissociate FKBP12.6 from RyR2 and to induce domain unzipping mimicking failing SR, to normal SR indeed reduced the CaM binding affinity to RyR2. In saponin-permeabilized, failing cardiomyocytes ([Ca 2+ ]=buffered at 75 nM), the frequency of Ca 2+ sparks was markedly increased (SpF; s −1 ·100μm −1 : 13.9±0.63 in HF; 7.3±0.6 in N, p<0.01). Addition of CaM (1 μM) in the presence of KN-93 (CaMKII inhibitor) inhibited the increase in SpF (7.9 ±0.41 , p<0.01). This CaM’s effect was, however, markedly inhibited by co-addition of CaM-binding domain peptide within RyR2 (3583–3603) (10.4±0.65, p=ns), strongly suggesting that the re-binding of CaM to RyR2 corrects the abnormal Ca 2+ release in failing cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, the defective inter-domain interaction between N-terminal and central domains within RyR2 seems to increase spontaneous Ca 2+ release events in failing SR, via the reduced CaM-binding to RyR2. Fixing CaM binding to RyR2 may be protective against the diastolic Ca 2+ release in failing hearts.

An Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Flash-Back Flow on Last Three Stages of Low Pressure Steam Turbines

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Shibukawa ◽  
Yoshifumi Iwasaki ◽  
Yoshiaki Takada ◽  
Itaru Murakami ◽  
Takashi Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Flow Region ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Back Flow ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Vibration Stress ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Two Stages

A shutdown operation of a large size steam turbine could possibly cause flashing phenomena of the pooled drain water in low-pressure heaters. The boiled steam is sometimes in the same amount as the main flow in the case where shutdown is executed during low load conditions, and returns to the steam flow path through the extraction lines. A series of experimental work with a subscale model turbine facility has been carried out to investigate the vibration stress behavior, and the steady and unsteady pressures under the flashing back conditions. It was observed that the blades of the two stages before the last stage (L-2) and a stage before the last stage (L-1) presented their peak vibration stresses immediately after the flash-back flow reached the turbine. In the meantime, the vibration stresses of the last stage (L-0) blades were reduced for a few tens of seconds. It can be thought that the flash-back flow pushed out the reverse flow region around the L-0 blades and allow the blades to be more stable. A detailed examination with measured data of the L-2 blade explained that, as long as the flash-back flow has small wetness, the blade is excited in its specific vibration modes in larger than 8th harmonic of rotational speed, but once the flash back flow carries water droplets, the fluid force in random frequencies remarkably increases and excites the blade in less than 7th harmonic range.

Crystal growth and application of large size YCOB crystal for high power laser

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 2000-2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anhua Wu ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
Yanqing Zheng ◽  
Xiaoyan Liang
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
High Power ◽  
High Power Laser ◽  
Power Laser ◽  
Large Size

Large-size TlBr single crystal growth and defect study

2018 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingzhi Zhang ◽  
Zhiping Zheng ◽  
Zheng Chen ◽  
Sen Zhang ◽  
Wei Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystal Growth ◽  
Large Size

scholarly journals Homogenization of Radial Temperature by a Tungsten Sink in Sublimation Growth of 45 mm AlN Single Crystal

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5553
Author(s):  
Yue Yu ◽  
Botao Liu ◽  
Xia Tang ◽  
Sheng Liu ◽  
Bing Gao
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Radial Temperature Gradient ◽  
Radial Temperature ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Sublimation Growth

To reduce the thermal stress during the sublimation growth of 45 mm AlN single crystal, a tungsten sink was put on the top of the crucible lid. Numerical experiments showed that the radial temperature gradient was reduced due to the homogenization effect on temperature as a result of the sink. Therefore, this simple tungsten sink method has the potential to grow large-size AlN ingots with fewer cracks. It also reveals that enhancing the heat exchange of the crucible lid is an effective way to improve the quality of crystal growth.

scholarly journals Crystal growth and detector performance of large size High-purity Ge crystals

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guojian Wang ◽  
Mark Amman ◽  
Hao Mei ◽  
Dongming Mei ◽  
Klaus Irmscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Detector Performance ◽  
Large Size
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