Experimental and Computational Analyses of the Oxidation Mechanism of the Poly(arylsilane) Family as the Side Reaction during the Baking Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (29) ◽  
pp. 16149-16158
Author(s):  
Osamu Kobayashi ◽  
Kunihiro Noda ◽  
Naohiko Ikuma ◽  
Dai Shiota ◽  
Takayoshi Ishimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Mechanism ◽  
Side Reaction ◽  
Baking Process ◽  
Computational Analyses

Analysis of electro- and thermophysical processes occurring during electrocontact baking of flour products.

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
V.I. Maklyukov ◽  
◽  
E.O. Gerasimova ◽  
N. V. Labutina ◽  
E.N. Rogozkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Theoretical Calculation ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Electric Contact ◽  
Wheat Dough ◽  
Baking Process ◽  
Free Moisture ◽  
Contact Heating ◽  
The Heat Balance

The article considers the results of research conducted during electric contact heating of rye-wheat dough pieces. It is established that the electrical conductivity of the crumb dough does not depend on the total humidity of the material, but mainly on the amount of free moisture. Using the current and temperature graphs, you can imagine how free moisture changes during the baking process and the influence of the thermophysical and colloidal process on the change in the value of free moisture. Experimentally determined the amount of heat that is spent on baking 1 kg of bread. The accuracy of the theoretical calculation of this parameter in the heat balance of the baking chamber is confirmed.

Computational Analyses and Design Improvements of Graft-to-Vein Anastomoses

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Longest ◽  
Clement Kleinstreuer ◽  
P. J. Andreotti
Keyword(s):  
Computational Analyses

Energetic Control of Redox-Active Polymers Towards Safe Organic Bioelectronic Materials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Giovannitti ◽  
Reem B. Rashid ◽  
Quentin Thiburce ◽  
Bryan D. Paulsen ◽  
Camila Cendra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Organic Semiconductors ◽  
Side Reaction ◽  
Semiconducting Polymers ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Donor Acceptor ◽  
Electrochemical Devices ◽  
Biological Environment ◽  
Device Operation

<p>Avoiding faradaic side reactions during the operation of electrochemical devices is important to enhance the device stability, to achieve low power consumption, and to prevent the formation of reactive side‑products. This is particularly important for bioelectronic devices which are designed to operate in biological systems. While redox‑active materials based on conducting and semiconducting polymers represent an exciting class of materials for bioelectronic devices, they are susceptible to electrochemical side‑reactions with molecular oxygen during device operation. We show that this electrochemical side reaction yields hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), a reactive side‑product, which may be harmful to the local biological environment and may also accelerate device degradation. We report a design strategy for the development of redox-active organic semiconductors based on donor-acceptor copolymers that prevent the formation of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> during device operation. This study elucidates the previously overlooked side-reactions between redox-active conjugated polymers and molecular oxygen in electrochemical devices for bioelectronics, which is critical for the operation of electrolyte‑gated devices in application-relevant environments.</p>

High Temperature Oxidation Mechanism of Ti3SiC2-64vol%SiC Ceramics

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-826
Author(s):  
Hui-Yi TANG ◽  
De-Gui ZHU ◽  
Bo LIU ◽  
Hong-Liang SUN
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Mechanism ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Sic Ceramics

Biocatalytic oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in media containing organic solvents

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Torres ◽  
Raunel Tinoco ◽  
Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Oxidation Mechanism ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Prosthetic Group ◽  
Mass Transfer Limitation ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Protein Environment

Lignin peroxidase, cytochrome c and haemoglobin were tested for oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The reaction mixture Contained water-miscible organic solvents in order to reduce the mass transfer limitation of hydrophobic substrates. The reaction products from all three haemoproteins were mainly quinones, suggesting the same oxidation mechanism for the three biocatalysts. The haeme prosthetic group must have located in a protein environment for it to catalyze these reactions, and only certain types of protein environment are able to induce this type of haemebased catalytic activity. The solvent hydrophobicity is a factor affecting the biocatalysis in organic media. Substrate partitioning between the active site (haeme) and the bulk solvent is the main factor of the biocatalytic behaviour in organic solvent mixtures. Site-directed mutagenesis of yeast cytochrome c significantly altered the kinetic behaviour of the protein. The Gly82;Thr 102 variant was 10 times more active and showed a catalytic efficiency 10-fold greater than the wild-type iso-1-cytochrome c. These results suggest that it is possible to design a new biocatalyst for environmental purposes.

Oxidation mechanism of carcinogenic bis-azo dyestuff Trypan Blue

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 2746-2748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Matrka ◽  
Jana Pípalová
Keyword(s):  
Acid Medium ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Oxidation Product ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Oxidation Mechanism ◽  
Azo Coupling ◽  
Arenediazonium Salt

Oxidation of Trypan Blue with cerium(IV) ion in acid medium gives arenediazonium cation similar to the oxidation product of N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene. Quantitative evaluation of the arenediazonium salt formed has been carried out spectrophotometrically after previous C-azo coupling with 2-naphthol.

Oxidation scheme of symmetrically disulphonated naphthidines with cerium(IV) sulphate

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Komers
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Oxidation Product ◽  
Side Reaction ◽  
Reaction Scheme ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Intermediate Products ◽  
Stable Intermediate ◽  
Starting Compound ◽  
Oxidation Agent

The author derived theoretical dependences of preasymptotic slopes of the currentless E-t curves (potential of an indicator redox electrode against time) on the number of equivalents, n, of added oxidation agent, assuming a reaction scheme of two consecutive concurrent second-order reactions involving the formation of intermediate products ( a side reaction of the starting compound with the final oxidation product leading to an adduct, which undergoes consecutive bimolecular oxidations leading again to the final product). The dependences enable to determine the type of the relatively stable intermediate products and the ratios of the rate constants. The theory was applied to the oxidation of four symmetrically disulphonated naphthidines with cerium(IV) sulphate in aqueous sulphuric acid and the results were substantiated spectrophotometrically

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