Characterization of Fe2+ Aqueous Solutions with Liquid Jet X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Chloride Depletion at the Liquid/Vapor Interface Due to Complexation with Fe2+

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (39) ◽  
pp. 8285-8290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared P. Bruce ◽  
John C. Hemminger
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
Vapor Interface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chloride Depletion ◽  
Liquid Vapor

Characterization of the Acetonitrile Aqueous Solution/Vapor Interface by Liquid-Jet X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 118 (50) ◽  
pp. 29378-29388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A. Perrine ◽  
Marijke H. C. Van Spyk ◽  
Alexandria M. Margarella ◽  
Bernd Winter ◽  
Manfred Faubel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
Vapor Interface ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals The Fermi Level as an Energy Reference in Liquid Jet X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Studies of Aqueous Solutions  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Pérez Ramírez ◽  
Anthony Boucly ◽  
Florent Saudrais ◽  
F. Bournel ◽  
Jean-Jacques Gallet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Photoemission Spectroscopy ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Invaluable Tool ◽  
Structure Of Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Spectroscopy Studies ◽  
Photocatalytic Processes

To advance an understanding of key electrochemical and photocatalytic processes that depend on the electronic structure of aqueous solutions, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy has become an invaluable tool, especially when practiced...

Liquid–Vapor Interface of Formic Acid Solutions in Salt Water: A Comparison of Macroscopic Surface Tension and Microscopic in Situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Measurements

2014 ◽  
Vol 118 (50) ◽  
pp. 29350-29360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefferson G. Pruyne ◽  
Ming-Tao Lee ◽  
Csaba Fábri ◽  
Amaia Beloqui Redondo ◽  
Armin Kleibert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Vapor Interface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Liquid Vapor

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of the Sulfur-Impregnated Natural Zeolite Clinoptilolite for Hg(II) Removal from Aqueous Solutions

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Marin Ugrina ◽  
Martin Gaberšek ◽  
Aleksandra Daković ◽  
Ivona Nuić
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid Liquid

Sulfur-impregnated zeolite has been obtained from the natural zeolite clinoptilolite by chemical modification with Na2S at 150 °C. The purpose of zeolite impregnation was to enhance the sorption of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions. Chemical analysis, acid and basic properties determined by Bohem’s method, chemical behavior at different pHo values, zeta potential, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), specific surface area, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as thermogravimetry with derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) were used for detailed comparative mineralogical and physico-chemical characterization of natural and sulfur-impregnated zeolites. Results revealed that the surface of the natural zeolite was successfully impregnated with sulfur species in the form of FeS and CaS. Chemical modification caused an increase in basicity and the net negative surface charge due to an increase in oxygen-containing functional groups as well as a decrease in specific surface area and crystallinity due to the formation of sulfur-containing clusters at the zeolite surface. The sorption of Hg(II) species onto the sulfur-impregnated zeolite was affected by the pH, solid/liquid ratio, initial Hg(II) concentration, and contact time. The optimal sorption conditions were determined as pH 2, a solid/liquid ratio of 10 g/L, and a contact time of 800 min. The maximum obtained sorption capacity of the sulfur-impregnated zeolite toward Hg(II) was 1.02 mmol/g. The sorption mechanism of Hg(II) onto the sulfur-impregnated zeolite involves electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and surface complexation, accompanied by co-precipitation of Hg(II) in the form of HgS. It was found that sulfur-impregnation enhanced the sorption of Hg(II) by 3.6 times compared to the natural zeolite. The leaching test indicated the retention of Hg(II) in the zeolite structure over a wide pH range, making this sulfur-impregnated sorbent a promising material for the remediation of a mercury-polluted environment.

The Growth and Characterization of Germanium-Carbon Alloy Thin Films

1992 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haojie Yuan ◽  
R. Stanley Williams
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Vacuum Chamber ◽  
Optical Band Gap ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Alloy Thin Film ◽  
New Materials ◽  
X Ray

ABSTRACTThin films of pure germanium-carbon alloys (GexC1−x with x ≈ 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) have been grown on Si(100) and A12O3 (0001) substrates by pulsed laser ablation in a high vacuum chamber. The films were analyzed by x-ray θ-2θ diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), conductivity measurements and optical absorption spectroscopy. The analyses of these new materials showed that films of all compositions were amorphous, free of contamination and uniform in composition. By changing the film composition, the optical band gap of these semiconducting films was varied from 0.00eV to 0.85eV for x = 0.0 to 1.0 respectively. According to the AES results, the carbon atoms in the Ge-C alloy thin film samples has a bonding configuration that is a mixture of sp2 and sp3 hybridizations.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Carboxymethylcellulose/Metal-Organic Framework Beads for Removal of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solution

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huo-Xi Jin ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
Li-Ye Yang ◽  
Yang-Guang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm ◽  
Adsorption Equilibrium ◽  
Isotherm Model ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model

The ability to remove toxic heavy metals, such as Pb(II), from the environment is an important objective from both human-health and ecological perspectives. Herein, we describe the fabrication of a novel carboxymethylcellulose-coated metal organic material (MOF-5–CMC) adsorbent that removed lead ions from aqueous solutions. The adsorption material was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We studied the functions of the contact time, pH, the original concentration of the Pb(II) solution, and adsorption temperature on adsorption capacity. MOF-5–CMC beads exhibit good adsorption performance; the maximum adsorption capacity obtained from the Langmuir isotherm-model is 322.58 mg/g, and the adsorption equilibrium was reached in 120 min at a concentration of 300 mg/L. The adsorption kinetics is well described by pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the adsorption equilibrium data are well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.988). Thermodynamics experiments indicate that the adsorption process is both spontaneous and endothermic. In addition, the adsorbent is reusable. We conclude that MOF-5–CMC is a good adsorbent that can be used to remove Pb(II) from aqueous solutions.

Monitoring and characterization of creation of geopolymers prepared from fly ash and metakaolin by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy method

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 841-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kanuchova ◽  
L. Kozakova ◽  
M. Drabova ◽  
M. Sisol ◽  
A. Estokova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectroscopy Method ◽  
X Ray

Characterization of columns grown during KrF laser micromachining of Al2O3–TiC ceramics

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1123-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Oliveira ◽  
R. Vilar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Column Formation ◽  
Krf Laser

This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of column formation mechanisms in Al2O3–TiC ceramics micromachined using excimer lasers. Chemical and structural characterization of columns grown in Al2O3–TiC composite processed with 200 KrF laser pulses at 10 J/cm2 was carried out by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction analysis. Fully developed columns consist of a core of unprocessed material surrounded by an outer layer of Al2TiO5, formed in oxidizing conditions, and an inner layer, formed in reducing conditions, composed of TiC and Al3Ti or an AlTi solid solution. Possible mechanisms of column formation are discussed.

Preparation of Carbon Nanofibers from Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers by Electrospinning

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 642-647
Author(s):  
En Zhong Li ◽  
Da Xiang Yang ◽  
Wei Ling Guo ◽  
Hai Dou Wang ◽  
Bin Shi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Dimethyl Formamide ◽  
Ultrafine Fibers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Pan Fibers

Ultrafine fibers were electrospun from polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution as a precursor of carbon nanofibers. The effects of solution concentration, applied voltage and flow rate on preparation and morphologies of electrospun PAN fibers were investigated. Morphologies of the green fibers, stabilized fibers and carbonized fibers were compared by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The diameter of PAN nanofibers is about 450nm and the distribution of diameter is well-proportioned. Characterization of the elements changes of fibers were performed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

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