Predicting the Chemical Potential and Osmotic Pressure of Polysaccharide Solutions by Molecular Simulations

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 4375-4384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Sauter ◽  
Andrea Grafmüller
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Molecular Simulations

scholarly journals Excess chemical potential of thiophene in [C4MIM] [BF4, Cl, Br, CH3COO] ionic liquids, determined by molecular simulations

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (47) ◽  
pp. 29394-29406
Author(s):  
Marco V. Velarde-Salcedo ◽  
Joel Sánchez-Badillo ◽  
Marco Gallo ◽  
Jorge López-Lemus
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Molecular Simulations ◽  
Excess Chemical Potential

Excess chemical potential of thiophene in imidazolium-based ionic liquids [C4mim][BF4], [C4mim][Cl], [C4mim][Br], and [C4mim][CH3COO] determined by molecular simulations.

A New Explanation for the Osmotic Activity and Ionic Composition of Gastric Juice

1957 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren S. Rehm ◽  
Warren H. Dennis ◽  
William A. Brodsky
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Inorganic Ion ◽  
Potential Gradients ◽  
Osmotic Activity

In an attempt to extend a previously proposed theory of gastric HCl production, the possibility is considered that the surface epithelial cells secrete H+ ions and the parietal cells Cl– ions and water. It is postulated that water is transported as a result of its chemical potential gradient between the interstitial fluid and the canalicular lumen of the parietal cells. It is shown that this scheme can quantitatively explain, without further postulates, the high normalities of secretion found in the glycine experiments of Teorell. However, the scheme predicts for pure gastric juice a higher osmotic pressure than that found. Furthermore, the scheme does not offer an explanation for the presence of the other inorganic ions of gastric juice. In an attempt to account for the observed osmotic pressure and the inorganic ion content of gastric juice, the implications are developed of the assumption that the Na+ ions, K+ ions and some of the secreted Cl– ions are transported across the mucosa in the direction of their electrochemical potential gradients. It is shown that the resulting scheme can account for the composition and osmotic pressure of gastric juice at least as well as any of the schemes proposed by other workers. The implications of the present scheme with respect to the problem of the production of hypertonic and hypotonic secretions are discussed.

Toward the conceptual and quantitative understanding of biosolids conditioning: the gel approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1679-1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derya Dursun ◽  
Steven K. Dentel
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Satisfactory Description ◽  
Colloidal Gel ◽  
Quantitative Understanding ◽  
Fundamental Value ◽  
Limited Diffusion ◽  
Gel Network ◽  
Colligative Properties

Proper chemical conditioning of wastewater solids is crucial for both operational and economic reasons, but the process has defied satisfactory description to date, in either conceptual or quantitative terms. In this research, a new conceptual model of biosolids structure—likening it to a colloidal gel—was assessed as a means of interpreting conditioning mechanisms. The basis of the gel approach lies in the colligative properties that are altered by lowering of the solvent chemical potential by introducing a solute. Results indicate that inorganic conditioners form precipitates and complexes thus collapsing the gel network and forming particulates, whereas organic polymers lead to heterogeneous collapse with limited diffusion inside the gel. A gel model, based on the osmotic pressure, was found reasonably successful in defining the conditioning efficacy of biosolids. Beyond the model's fundamental value, these results validate a new way of understanding how conditioning and dewatering operate, which should help to improve the selection and optimization of these processes.

scholarly journals Van't Hoff's law for active suspensions: the role of the solvent chemical potential

Soft Matter ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (47) ◽  
pp. 8957-8963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Rodenburg ◽  
Marjolein Dijkstra ◽  
René van Roij
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Active Suspensions

We extend Van’t Hoff's law for the osmotic pressure to active suspensions, and show that the osmotic pressure increases with activity as a result of an increase in the chemical potential of the solvent.

Chemical potential and osmotic pressure

1979 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald R. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Chemical Potential
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