Chlorine Dioxide—Pollutant Transformation and Formation of Hypochlorous Acid as a Secondary Oxidant

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (17) ◽  
pp. 9964-9971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Terhalle ◽  
Pascal Kaiser ◽  
Mischa Jütte ◽  
Johanna Buss ◽  
Sermin Yasar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Pollutant Transformation ◽  
Secondary Oxidant

Mechanism Involving Hydrogen Sulfite Ions, Chlorite Ions, and Hypochlorous Acid as Key Intermediates of the Autocatalytic Chlorine Dioxide-Thiourea Dioxide Reaction

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (30) ◽  
pp. 5011-5020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Hu ◽  
Attila K. Horváth ◽  
Sasa Duan ◽  
György Csekő ◽  
Sergei V. Makarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Thiourea Dioxide ◽  
Chlorite Ions ◽  
Sulfite Ions

scholarly journals Tertiary amine-catalyzed generation of chlorine dioxide from hypochlorous acid and chlorite ions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estefania Isaza Ferro ◽  
Jordan Perrin ◽  
Owain George John Dawson ◽  
Tapani Vuorinen
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Tertiary Amine ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Rate Limiting Step ◽  
Limiting Step ◽  
Chlorite Ions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Rate Limiting

AbstractThe reaction between hypochlorous acid and chlorite ions is the rate limiting step for in situ chlorine dioxide regeneration. The possibility of increasing the speed of this reaction was analyzed by the addition of tertiary amine catalysts in the system at pH 5. Two amines were tested, DABCO (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) and its derivative CEM-DABCO (1-carboethoxymethyl-1-azonia-4-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane chloride). The stability of the catalysts in the presence of both reagents and chlorine dioxide was measured, with CEM-DABCO showing to be highly stable with the mentioned chlorine species, whereas DABCO was rapidly degraded by chlorine dioxide. Hence, CEM-DABCO was chosen as a suitable candidate to catalyze the reaction of hypochlorous acid with chlorite ions and it significantly increased the speed of this reaction even at low catalyst dosages. This research opens the door to a faster regeneration of chlorine dioxide and an improved efficiency in chlorine dioxide treatments.

scholarly journals Disinfection efficiency of hospital infectious disease wards with chlorine dioxide and hypochlorous acid

Aerobiologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Chun Lu ◽  
Po-Lin Chen ◽  
Da-Ji Huang ◽  
Chih-Kuo Liang ◽  
Ching-Shan Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid

Mécanisme des réactions du chlorite et du dioxyde de chlore. 1. Stoechiométrie des réactions du chlorite et cinétique en présence d'ortho-tolidine

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1177-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Schmitz ◽  
Henri Rooze
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Sodium Chlorite ◽  
Kinetic Investigation ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Fast Reaction ◽  
Rate Determining Step ◽  
Chlorous Acid

The relative amount of chlorine dioxide produced by the disproportionation of sodium chlorite increases as the concentrations of chlorite and chloride ions increase. It passes through a minimum when the concentration of perchloric acid varies from 2 M to 0.01 M. The fast reaction between chlorite and hypochlorous acid is a part of the mechanism of this disproportionation and its stoichiometry was also investigated. The relative amount of chlorine dioxide produced depends on the method of mixing the reactants and on the acidity. It increases if the concentration of chlorite increases and can exceed the amount predicted by:[Formula: see text]Ortho-tolidine reacts very rapidly with chlorine and with chlorine dioxide but not with chlorous acid. In perchloric acid solutions (pH < 2.5) the product of its oxidation has a considerable absorption with a maximum at 440 nm (ε = 59700 M−1 cm−1). Chlorine reacts more rapidly with ortho-tolidine than with chlorous acid. The kinetic investigation of the disproportionation of chlorous acid is thus simplified by the use of ortho-tolidine. With added chloride ions the rate determining step is HClO2 + Cl− + H+ → 2HClO with a rate constant[Formula: see text]The most reliable values for the free enthalpy of formation of oxychlorine compounds are selected from the literature.

Efficacy of Chlorine Dioxide Gas as a Sanitizer of Lettuce Leaves

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1371-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUN-YOUNG LEE ◽  
MICHAEL COSTELLO ◽  
DONG-HYUN KANG
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide Gas

Aqueous solutions of sodium hypochlorite or hypochlorous acid are typically used to sanitize fresh fruits and vegetables. However, pathogenic organisms occasionally survive aqueous sanitization in sufficient numbers to cause disease outbreaks. Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas generated by a dry chemical sachet was tested against foodborne pathogens on lettuce leaves. Lettuce leaves were inoculated with cocktail of three strains each of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella Typhimurium and treated with ClO2 gas for 30 min, 1 h, and 3 h in a model gas cabinet at room temperature (22 ± 2°C). After treatment, surviving cells, including injured cells, were enumerated on appropriate selective agar or using the overlay agar method, respectively. Total ClO2 generated by the gas packs was 4.3, 6.7, and 8.7 mg after 30 min, 1 h, and 3 h of treatment, respectively. Inoculated lettuce leaves exposed to ClO2 gas for 30 min experienced a 3.4-log reduction in E. coli, a 4.3-log reduction in Salmonella Typhimurium, and a 5.0-log reduction in L. monocytogenes when compared with the control. After 1 h, the three pathogens were reduced in number of CFU by 4.4, 5.3, and 5.2 log, respectively. After 3 h, the reductions were 6.9, 5.4, and 5.4 log, respectively. A similar pattern emerged when injured cells were enumerated. The ClO2 gas sachet was effective at killing pathogens on lettuce without deteriorating visual quality. Therefore, this product can be used during storage and transport of lettuce to improve its microbial safety.

Oxidations of amines. VIII. Role of the cation radical in the oxidation of triethylenediamine by chlorine dioxide and hypochlorous acid

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 2147-2152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry A. Hull ◽  
W. P. Giordano ◽  
David H. Rosenblatt ◽  
George Thomas Davis ◽  
Charles K. Mann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Cation Radical

scholarly journals An efficiency analysis for the production of chlorine dioxide by the electrolysis of brine in seawater desalination plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiung-Ta Wu ◽  
Chen-Yu Chang ◽  
Yi-Ying Li ◽  
Yu-Lun Kuan ◽  
Po-Hsiung Lin
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Precious Metal ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Sodium Chlorite ◽  
Efficiency Evaluation ◽  
Constant Concentration ◽  
Desalination Plants

Abstract A previous study by the authors evaluated the efficiency of producing multi-oxidants using anodes coated in precious metal. This study showed that a titanium anode coated in ruthenium generates the largest amount of active chlorine (chlorine dioxide). The results from the efficiency evaluation also show that DuPont Nafion N-2030 ion film is the most efficient of the diaphragms that were tested. To increase the recovery rate for ClO2, this study optimizes the composition of the anode electrolyte. Sodium chlorite is added into the brine and an electrolysis reaction is performed at 40 °C and 12 V for batch operation. The principal product is ClO2 with a maximum concentration of 1,074 mg L−1. During continuous electrolysis, when the inflow rate for the anode electrolyte is increased to 120 mL min−1, ClO2 is produced at a constant concentration of 60 mg L−1 after 30 minutes. An analysis of the multi-oxidants generated from brine to detect disinfection byproducts shows very little trichloromethane is formed, much less than the standard for total trihalomethanes in drinking water in Taiwan (0.1 mg L−1). The disinfection efficiency of the multi-oxidant produced in this study is about three times greater than that of commercial hypochlorous acid. These results show that multi-oxidant products retrieved by recycling brine from desalination plants are commercially applicable and have economic value.

The role of non-phenolic lignin in chlorate-forming reactions during chlorine dioxide bleaching of softwood kraft pulp

Holzforschung ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug R. Svenson ◽  
Hou-min Chang ◽  
Hasan Jameel ◽  
John F. Kadla
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Phenolic Hydroxyl ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Kraft Pulps ◽  
Kinetic Rates ◽  
Softwood Kraft Pulp ◽  
Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Inorganic Reactions

Abstract The affect of phenolic hydroxyl groups on the reaction efficiency during chlorine dioxide pre-bleaching of a softwood kraft pulp was investigated. The removal of phenolic hydroxyl groups via pulp methylation did not adversely affect the chlorine dioxide bleaching efficiency or the amount of chlorate formed during exposure to chlorine dioxide. Ion analysis of the reaction systems revealed that the formation of chloride and chlorite ions during the bleaching process were very similar between the kraft and methylated kraft pulps. These results indicate that the kinetic rates of lignin oxidation by chlorine dioxide and its reduction products, chlorite and hypochlorous acid, are much faster than the rate of inorganic reactions leading to chlorate formation.

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