scholarly journals The Effects of Temperature and Hydrostatic Pressure on Metal Toxicity: Insights into Toxicity in the Deep Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (17) ◽  
pp. 10222-10231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair Brown ◽  
Sven Thatje ◽  
Chris Hauton
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

scholarly journals Synchronous Effects of Temperature, Hydrostatic Pressure, and Salinity on Growth, Phospholipid Profiles, and Protein Patterns of Four Halomonas Species Isolated from Deep-Sea Hydrothermal-Vent and Sea Surface Environments

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 6220-6229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Z. Kaye ◽  
John A. Baross
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Elevated Salinity ◽  
Pressure Profiles ◽  
Lipid Unsaturation ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Halomonas Species

ABSTRACT Four strains of euryhaline bacteria belonging to the genus Halomonas were tested for their response to a range of temperatures (2, 13, and 30°C), hydrostatic pressures (0.1, 7.5, 15, 25, 35, 45, and 55 MPa), and salinities (4, 11, and 17% total salts). The isolates were psychrotolerant, halophilic to moderately halophilic, and piezotolerant, growing fastest at 30°C, 0.1 MPa, and 4% total salts. Little or no growth occurred at the highest hydrostatic pressures tested, an effect that was more pronounced with decreasing temperatures. Growth curves suggested that the Halomonas strains tested would grow well in cool to warm hydrothermal-vent and associated subseafloor habitats, but poorly or not at all under cold deep-sea conditions. The intermediate salinity tested enhanced growth under certain high-hydrostatic-pressure and low-temperature conditions, highlighting a synergistic effect on growth for these combined stresses. Phospholipid profiles obtained at 30°C indicated that hydrostatic pressure exerted the dominant control on the degree of lipid saturation, although elevated salinity slightly mitigated the increased degree of lipid unsaturation caused by increased hydrostatic pressure. Profiles of cytosolic and membrane proteins of Halomonas axialensis and H. hydrothermalis performed at 30°C under various salinities and hydrostatic pressure conditions indicated several hydrostatic pressure and salinity effects, including proteins whose expression was induced by either an elevated salinity or hydrostatic pressure, but not by a combination of the two. The interplay between salinity and hydrostatic pressure on microbial growth and physiology suggests that adaptations to hydrostatic pressure and possibly other stresses may partially explain the euryhaline phenotype of members of the genus Halomonas living in deep-sea environments.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature and Pressure on Sulfate Reduction and Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane in Hydrothermal Sediments of Guaymas Basin

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 1231-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Kallmeyer ◽  
Antje Boetius
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation ◽  
Guaymas Basin ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Hydrothermal Sediments ◽  
Deep Sea Sediments ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

ABSTRACT Rates of sulfate reduction (SR) and anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in hydrothermal deep-sea sediments from Guaymas Basin were measured at temperatures of 5 to 200°C and pressures of 1 × 105, 2.2 × 107, and 4.5 × 107 Pa. A maximum SR of several micromoles per cubic centimeter per day was found at between 60 and 95°C and 2.2 × 107 and 4.5 × 107 Pa. Maximal AOM was observed at 35 to 90°C but generally accounted for less than 5% of SR.

scholarly journals Enhanced Hydrocarbons Biodegradation at Deep-Sea Hydrostatic Pressure with Microbial Electrochemical Snorkels

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Federico Aulenta ◽  
Enza Palma ◽  
Ugo Marzocchi ◽  
Carolina Cruz Viggi ◽  
Simona Rossetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Contaminated Sediments ◽  
Sulfide Concentration ◽  
Deep Sea Sediments ◽  
Toxicity Factor ◽  
Remote Environment ◽  
Additional Limitation ◽  
Oxide Sulfate

In anaerobic sediments, microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is limited by the rapid depletion of electron acceptors (e.g., ferric oxide, sulfate) and accumulation of toxic metabolites (e.g., sulfide, following sulfate reduction). Deep-sea sediments are increasingly impacted by oil contamination, and the elevated hydrostatic pressure (HP) they are subjected to represents an additional limitation for microbial metabolism. While the use of electrodes to support electrobioremediation in oil-contaminated sediments has been described, there is no evidence on their applicability for deep-sea sediments. Here, we tested a passive bioelectrochemical system named ”oil-spill snorkel” with two crude oils carrying different alkane contents (4 vs. 15%), at increased or ambient HP (10 vs. 0.1 MPa). Snorkels enhanced alkanes biodegradation at both 10 and 0.1 MPa within only seven weeks, as compared to nonconductive glass controls. Microprofiles in anaerobic, contaminated sediments indicated that snorkels kept sulfide concentration to low titers. Bulk-sediment analysis confirmed that sulfide oxidation by snorkels largely regenerated sulfate. Hence, the sole application of snorkels could eliminate a toxicity factor and replenish a spent electron acceptor at increased HP. Both aspects are crucial for petroleum decontamination of the deep sea, a remote environment featured by low metabolic activity.

scholarly journals Ontogenetic adaptations in the visual systems of deep-sea crustaceans

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1717) ◽  
pp. 20160071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara M. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Light Regime ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Visual Systems ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
Dim Light ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

For all visually competent organisms, the driving force behind the adaptation of photoreceptors involves obtaining the best balance of resolution to sensitivity in the prevailing light regime, as an increase in sensitivity often results in a decrease in resolution. A number of marine species have an additional problem to deal with, in that the juvenile stages live in relatively brightly lit shallow (100–200 m depth) waters, whereas the adult stages have daytime depths of more than 600 m, where little downwelling light remains. Here, I present the results of electrophysiological analyses of the temporal resolution and irradiance sensitivity of juvenile and adult stages of two species of ontogenetically migrating crustaceans ( Gnathophausia ingens and Systellaspis debilis ) that must deal with dramatically different light environments and temperatures during their life histories. The results demonstrate that there are significant effects of temperature on temporal resolution, which help to optimize the visual systems of the two life-history stages for their respective light environments. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Vision in dim light’.

scholarly journals FabF Is Required for Piezoregulation ofcis-Vaccenic Acid Levels and Piezophilic Growth of the Deep-Sea Bacterium Photobacterium profundum Strain SS9

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (5) ◽  
pp. 1264-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric E. Allen ◽  
Douglas H. Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acyl Carrier Protein ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Elevated Pressure ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Photobacterium Profundum

ABSTRACT To more fully explore the role of unsaturated fatty acids in high-pressure, low-temperature growth, the fabF gene from the psychrotolerant, piezophilic deep-sea bacteriumPhotobacterium profundum strain SS9 was characterized and its role and regulation were examined. An SS9 strain harboring a disruption in the fabF gene (strain EA40) displayed growth impairment at elevated hydrostatic pressure concomitant with diminishedcis-vaccenic acid (18:1) production. However, growth ability at elevated pressure could be restored to wild-type levels by the addition of exogenous 18:1 to the growth medium. Transcript analysis did not indicate that the SS9 fabF gene is transcriptionally regulated, suggesting that the elevated 18:1 levels produced in response to pressure increase result from posttranscriptional changes. Unlike many pressure-adapted bacterial species such as SS9, the mesophile Escherichia coli did not regulate its fatty acid composition in an adaptive manner in response to changes in hydrostatic pressure. Moreover, an E. coli fabF strain was as susceptible to elevated pressure as wild-type cells. It is proposed that the SS9 fabF product, β-ketoacyl–acyl carrier protein synthase II has evolved novel pressure-responsive characteristics which facilitate SS9 growth at high pressure.

scholarly journals Updated definitions on piezophily as suggested by hydrostatic pressure dependence on temperature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Scoma
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Microbial Life ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Microbial Response ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Substrate Ph ◽  
Cell Functionality

AbstractMicrobial preference for elevated hydrostatic pressure (HP) is a recognized key feature of environmental and industrial processes. HP effects on macromolecules and, consequently, cell functionality has been accurately described in the last decades. While there is little debate about the importance of HP in shaping microbial life, a systematic definition of microbial preference for increased HP is missing. The lack of a consensus about ‘true’ piezophiles, and ‘low’ or ‘high’ HP levels, has deleterious repercussions on microbiology and biotechnology. As certain levels are considered ‘low’ they are not applied to assess microbial activity. Most microorganisms collected in deep waters or sediments have not been tested (nor isolated) using the corresponding HP at which they were captured. Microbial response to HP is notoriously dependent on other environmental parameters, most notably temperature, but also on availability of nutrients, growth substrate, pH and salinity. This implies that countless isolates retrieved from ambient pressure conditions may very well require increased HP to grow optimally, as already demonstrated in both Archaea and Bacteria.In the present study, I collected the data from described piezophilic isolates and used the fundamental correlation existing between HP and temperature, as first suggested in seminal works by Yayanos, to update the definition of piezophiles. Thanks to the numerous new piezophilic isolates available since such seminal studies, the present analysis brings forward updated definitions which concern 1) the actual beginning of the piezosphere, the area in the deep sea where piezophiles thrive; 2) the HP thresholds which should be considered low, medium and high HP, and their implications for experimental design in Microbiology; and 3) the nature of obligate piezophiles and their location in the deep sea.

Effects of hydrostatic pressure on yeasts isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents

2015 ◽  
Vol 166 (9) ◽  
pp. 700-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Burgaud ◽  
Nguyen Thi Minh Hué ◽  
Danielle Arzur ◽  
Monika Coton ◽  
Jean-Marie Perrier-Cornet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents
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