Comparative studies on the metabolism of shallow-water and deep-sea marine fishes. V. Effects of temperature and hydrostatic pressure on oxygen consumption in the mesopelagic zoarcid Melanostigma pammelas

1979 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Belman ◽  
M. S. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

scholarly journals Synchronous Effects of Temperature, Hydrostatic Pressure, and Salinity on Growth, Phospholipid Profiles, and Protein Patterns of Four Halomonas Species Isolated from Deep-Sea Hydrothermal-Vent and Sea Surface Environments

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 6220-6229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Z. Kaye ◽  
John A. Baross
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Elevated Salinity ◽  
Pressure Profiles ◽  
Lipid Unsaturation ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Halomonas Species

ABSTRACT Four strains of euryhaline bacteria belonging to the genus Halomonas were tested for their response to a range of temperatures (2, 13, and 30°C), hydrostatic pressures (0.1, 7.5, 15, 25, 35, 45, and 55 MPa), and salinities (4, 11, and 17% total salts). The isolates were psychrotolerant, halophilic to moderately halophilic, and piezotolerant, growing fastest at 30°C, 0.1 MPa, and 4% total salts. Little or no growth occurred at the highest hydrostatic pressures tested, an effect that was more pronounced with decreasing temperatures. Growth curves suggested that the Halomonas strains tested would grow well in cool to warm hydrothermal-vent and associated subseafloor habitats, but poorly or not at all under cold deep-sea conditions. The intermediate salinity tested enhanced growth under certain high-hydrostatic-pressure and low-temperature conditions, highlighting a synergistic effect on growth for these combined stresses. Phospholipid profiles obtained at 30°C indicated that hydrostatic pressure exerted the dominant control on the degree of lipid saturation, although elevated salinity slightly mitigated the increased degree of lipid unsaturation caused by increased hydrostatic pressure. Profiles of cytosolic and membrane proteins of Halomonas axialensis and H. hydrothermalis performed at 30°C under various salinities and hydrostatic pressure conditions indicated several hydrostatic pressure and salinity effects, including proteins whose expression was induced by either an elevated salinity or hydrostatic pressure, but not by a combination of the two. The interplay between salinity and hydrostatic pressure on microbial growth and physiology suggests that adaptations to hydrostatic pressure and possibly other stresses may partially explain the euryhaline phenotype of members of the genus Halomonas living in deep-sea environments.

scholarly journals Pressure tolerance of tadpole larvae of the Atlantic ascidian Polyandrocarpa zorritensis: potential for deep-sea invasion

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-520
Author(s):  
Paulo Yukio Gomes Sumida ◽  
Arthur Ziggiatti Güth ◽  
Miguel Mies
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Ascidian Species ◽  
Pressure Tolerance ◽  
Settlement And Metamorphosis ◽  
Deep Sea Fauna

Abstract How deep-sea fauna evolved is a question still being investigated. One of the most accepted theories is that shallow water organisms migrated to deeper waters and gave origin to the deep-sea communities. However, many organisms are prevented from performing long vertical migrations by the increasing hydrostatic pressure. Tadpole larvae of the ascidian Polyandrocarpa zorritensis were submitted to pressure treatments of 1, 50, 100 and 200 atm. Survival, settlement and metamorphosis rates were verified after 24 hour incubation in a pressure chamber. The majority of larvae settled (84%, 62%, 83% and 77% respectively) and successfully underwent metamorphosis (93%, 59%, 85% and 60%) in all pressure treatments. Larval mortality was of less than 15% in all treatments, except for the 50 atm treatment, which presented 38% mortality. Nearly 100% of the surviving larvae underwent metamorphosis in the treatments of 1, 50 and 100 atm. However, 1/3 of the individuals were still in their larval stages in the 200 atm treatment and presented delayed development. These data suggest that ascidian larvae can withstand the hydrostatic pressure levels found in the deep-sea. It is therefore feasible that the current abyssal ascidian species may have colonized the deep-sea through vertical migration and in only a few generations.

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