Bacteria Make a Living Breathing the Nitroheterocyclic Insensitive Munitions Compound 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila L. Madeira ◽  
Osmar Menezes ◽  
Doyoung Park ◽  
Kalyani V. Jog ◽  
Janet K. Hatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insensitive Munitions

scholarly journals Evidence for Phytoremediation and Phytoexcretion of NTO from Industrial Wastewater by Vetiver Grass

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Abhishek RoyChowdhury ◽  
Pallabi Mukherjee ◽  
Saumik Panja ◽  
Rupali Datta ◽  
Christos Christodoulatos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Vetiver Grass ◽  
Insensitive Munitions ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
And Control ◽  
Near Future

The use of insensitive munitions such as 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) is rapidly increasing and is expected to replace conventional munitions in the near future. Various NTO treatment technologies are being developed for the treatment of wastewater from industrial munition facilities. This is the first study to explore the potential phytoremediation of industrial NTO-wastewater using vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L.). Here, we present evidence that vetiver can effectively remove NTO from wastewater, and also translocated NTO from root to shoot. NTO was phytotoxic and resulted in a loss of plant biomass and chlorophyll. The metabolomic analysis showed significant differences between treated and control samples, with the upregulation of specific pathways such as glycerophosphate metabolism and amino acid metabolism, providing a glimpse into the stress alleviation strategy of vetiver. One of the mechanisms of NTO stress reduction was the excretion of solid crystals. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of NTO crystals in the plant exudates. Further characterization of the exudates is in progress to ascertain the purity of these crystals, and if vetiver could be used for phytomining NTO from industrial wastewater.

scholarly journals Sequential anaerobic-aerobic biodegradation of emerging insensitive munitions compound 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO)

Chemosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 478-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila L. Madeira ◽  
Samuel A. Speet ◽  
Cristina A. Nieto ◽  
Leif Abrell ◽  
Jon Chorover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Biodegradation ◽  
Insensitive Munitions

scholarly journals Identifying degradation products responsible for increased toxicity of UV-Degraded insensitive munitions

Chemosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 124958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee C. Moores ◽  
Alan J. Kennedy ◽  
Lauren May ◽  
Shinita M. Jordan ◽  
Anthony J. Bednar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Insensitive Munitions

Role of Singlet Oxygen in the Degradation of Selected Insensitive Munitions Compounds: A Comprehensive, Quantum Chemical Investigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (35) ◽  
pp. 7597-7608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmyla K. Sviatenko ◽  
Leonid Gorb ◽  
Danuta Leszczynska ◽  
Sergiy I. Okovytyy ◽  
Manoj K. Shukla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Chemical Investigation ◽  
Quantum Chemical Investigation ◽  
Insensitive Munitions

Physicochemical properties of an insensitive munitions compound, N-methyl-4-nitroaniline (MNA)

2008 ◽  
Vol 155 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 288-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veera M. Boddu ◽  
Krishnaiah Abburi ◽  
Stephen W. Maloney ◽  
Reddy Damavarapu
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Insensitive Munitions

Adsorption of novel insensitive munitions compounds at clay mineral and metal oxide surfaces

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy R. Linker ◽  
Raju Khatiwada ◽  
Nico Perdrial ◽  
Leif Abrell ◽  
Reyes Sierra-Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Environmental Chemistry ◽  
Nitrogen Compound ◽  
Equilibrium Concentration ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Insensitive Munitions ◽  
Mineral Adsorbents ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Environmental context Insensitive munitions compounds are increasingly used in the manufacture of military energetic materials because of their lower unintentional explosion risk during transport and handling. The current study was designed to better resolve the environmental chemistry of two of these insensitive munitions compounds. In particular, we investigated the solid–solution partitioning that occurs when aqueous solutions containing dissolved unexploded ordinances come into contact with soil mineral media. Abstract Insensitive munitions compounds (IMCs) are increasingly used for military energetic materials, yet their environmental fate is poorly understood. Prior work has shown that the nitroaromatic 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) and the heterocyclic nitrogen compound 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO), both newly introduced IMCs, can undergo microbially mediated reduction under anoxic conditions to form 2-methoxy-5-nitroaniline (MENA) and 3-amino-1,2,4,triazole-5-one (ATO) respectively. In the present work, DNAN, MENA, NTO and ATO were subjected to batch adsorption–desorption experiments with specimen soil mineral adsorbents that included montmorillonite, birnessite and goethite. DNAN and MENA exhibited high affinity, linear adsorption to montmorillonite, with enhanced surface excess at a given aqueous equilibrium concentration for K+-saturated relative to Na+-saturated forms, but negligible adsorption to the metal oxides. Powder X-ray diffraction data and surface occupancy calculations indicate interlayer intrusion by DNAN and MENA and adsorption at siloxane sites. Conversely, NTO and ATO exhibited low sorptive affinity and apparent anion exclusion upon reaction with the negatively charged layer silicate clays. However, both of the N-heterocycles showed positive adsorption affinities for goethite (Kd values of 11.1 and 3.1, and HI values of 1.8 and 0.50 respectively), consistent with anion adsorption to the positively charged goethite surface. Both ATO and MENA were subjected to apparent oxidative, abiotic chemical transformation during reaction with birnessite. The results indicate that the IMCs studied will exhibit adsorptive retardation – and their biodegradation products may undergo further abiotic transformation – upon reaction at soil mineral surfaces.

Insights into the dissolution and the three-dimensional structure of insensitive munitions formulations

Chemosphere ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 1782-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Taylor ◽  
David B. Ringelberg ◽  
Katerina Dontsova ◽  
Charles P. Daghlian ◽  
Marianne E. Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional Structure ◽  
Insensitive Munitions
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