scholarly journals High-Resolution Historical Record of Plant Protection Product Deposition Documented by Target and Nontarget Trend Analysis in a Swiss Lake under Anthropogenic Pressure

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (20) ◽  
pp. 13090-13100
Author(s):  
Aurea C. Chiaia-Hernández ◽  
Paul D. Zander ◽  
Tobias Schneider ◽  
Sönke Szidat ◽  
Ronald Lloren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Plant Protection Product ◽  
Swiss Lake

ISSUES OF GREENING THE LAND USE SYSTEM IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
The Creation

Soil protection in agrolandscapes is especially necessary in conditions of intensification of production and increasing anthropogenic pressure on them. This complex should fit into the landscape farming system. The more intensive the load on the land in the farm, the higher the level of soil protection against destruction. The article notes that raising soil fertility, increasing crop yields and ecological environmental improvement are possible only on the basis of agrolandscape farming system, which allows to establish the correct ratio of arable land, meadows and forests. The transition to such a system of agriculture requires: development of a project for agrolandscape land management with a set of anti-erosion measures for each farm; adjusting the structure of sown areas taking into account market conditions, that is, increasing the area of productive crops in demand (winter and spring wheat, perennial grasses), which in combination with occupied and green manure pairs determine the structure of biologized crop rotation; widespread use of legumes (peas, vetch) as factors in the biologization of agriculture. The efficiency of expanding the area of perennial grasses to 25 % of arable land in some areas of the Non-Chernozem region and the Belgorod region is shown. Here, techniques that increase the efficiency of arable land are based on strict adherence to crop rotation with legumes, the use of adaptive varieties, and the use of biologized fertilizer and plant protection systems. It is noted that the creation of a system of shelterbelts makes it possible to reduce the cost of planting and growing them in comparison with single forest belts and what is very important for farmers is to sharply increase the return on their exploitation in the form of increased increases in crop yields. The creation of forest-sized landscapes will improve the environmental conditions for the cultivation of crops.

scholarly journals Co-formulants in plant protection products: An analytical approach to their determination by gas chromatography–high resolution mass accuracy spectrometry

Talanta ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 122641
Author(s):  
Antonio Jesús Maldonado-Reina ◽  
Rosalía López-Ruiz ◽  
Antonia Garrido-Frenich ◽  
F. Javier Arrebola ◽  
Roberto Romero-González
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Mass Accuracy ◽  
High Resolution Mass ◽  
Resolution Mass

scholarly journals Dynamics of λ-cyhalothrin disappearance and expression of selected P450 genes in bees depending on the ambient temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1251-1258
Author(s):  
Bartosz Piechowicz ◽  
Marika Kobielska ◽  
Anna Koziorowska ◽  
Magdalena Podbielska ◽  
Ewa Szpyrka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Product ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Genes ◽  
Qpcr Method ◽  
Different Temperatures

Abstract Temperature has a significant influence on the action of pyrethroids, and their effect increases with decreasing ambient temperature. Using gas chromatography, we assessed the degradation rate of λ-cyhalothrin, active ingredients (AI) of Karate Zeon 050 CS from pyrethroid group, in bees incubated for 48 h under different temperature conditions. With RT-qPCR method, we studied expression levels of selected cytochrome P450 genes after exposure to the plant protection product (PPP). The half-life of λ-cyhalothrin decreased from 43.32 to 17.33 h in the temperature range of 21–31°C. In animals incubated at 16°C, the AI half-life was even shorter and amounted to 10.19 h. The increase in temperature increased the expression of Cyp9Q1, Cyp9Q2, and Cyp9Q3 in the group of control bees. We showed a two-fold statistically significant increase in gene expression after treatment with PPP bees. The obtained results indicate that honey bees are characterized by susceptibility to pyrethroids that vary depending on the ambient temperature. This may be due to the different expressions of genes responsible for the detoxification of these PPPs at different temperatures.

scholarly journals Shadow Zones: Transparency and Pesticides Regulation in the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 243-272
Author(s):  
Olivia HAMLYN
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Product ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Risk Regulation ◽  
Member States ◽  
Product Regulation ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
The Eu

AbstractIn recent years, pesticides have captured the attention of both policymakers and the general public. A particular focus has been the transparency of the EU-level procedure for approving active substances, spurred by controversies surrounding the active substance glyphosate. Active substances are the ingredient in pesticides with the pesticidal effect. Once an active substance is approved at EU level, the pesticide containing that active substance must be authorised by each Member State. For this purpose, the EU's 2009 Plant Protection Product Regulation divides Member States into three zones—Northern, Central, and Southern—within which, zonal rapporteur Member States evaluate applications for authorisation. National authorisation decisions are based on these zonal evaluations. This novel system governing pesticides is under-researched. Furthermore, unlike active substance approval, the transparency of pesticide authorisation escapes public and policy scrutiny. Drawing on empirical research conducted for the European Parliament, this article evaluates the transparency of the zonal pesticide authorisation procedure. It thus contributes to the literature on transparency a detailed exploration of transparency in a highly complex, decentred, and polycentric risk regulation regime. While it finds that the zonal pesticide authorisation procedure, generally speaking, does not operate transparently, it argues further that levels of transparency within the regime as a whole may vary significantly depending on multiple different factors. It introduces the concept of ‘chiaroscuro regulation’ to characterise and understand these varying levels of transparency across different elements of the regime and considers some of its implications.

Compensatory Application Provisions of Plant Protection Products to Protect Biodiversity

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Alexander KOOF
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Plant Protection Product ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Federal Environmental Agency ◽  
German Federal Environmental Agency ◽  
German Federal Environmental ◽  
Environmental Agency

For the protection of biodiversity, the German Federal Environmental Agency (UBA) pursues the goal of establishing compensation areas to balance unavoidable indirect effects on nature and the environment caused by the application of plant protection products. Whether there is a legal basis for this within either European Union or national law is one of the most debated and pressing issues currently in the authorisation procedure for plant protection products in Germany. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive legal assessment of whether it is legally permissible to make plant protection product authorisations contingent to compensatory application provisions to protect biodiversity.

Historical record of polychlorinated dibenzo--dioxins and dibenzofurans in Swiss lake sediments

Chemosphere ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1175-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean M. Czuczwa ◽  
Frank Niessen ◽  
Ronald A. Hites
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Swiss Lake

Plant Protection Product

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald R. Stephenson ◽  
Ian G. Ferris ◽  
Patrick T. Holland ◽  
Monica Nordberg
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Product
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