The Need for Attention to Confirmation Bias and Confounding in the Field of Plastic Pollution and Wildlife Impacts: Comment on “Clinical Pathology of Plastic Ingestion in Marine Birds and Relationships with Blood Chemistry”

Lauren Roman; Kirsten Gilardi; Linda Lowenstine; Britta Denise Hardesty; Chris Wilcox

doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c02874

The Need for Attention to Confirmation Bias and Confounding in the Field of Plastic Pollution and Wildlife Impacts: Comment on “Clinical Pathology of Plastic Ingestion in Marine Birds and Relationships with Blood Chemistry”

Environmental Science & Technology ◽

10.1021/acs.est.0c02874 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 801-804

Author(s):

Lauren Roman ◽

Kirsten Gilardi ◽

Linda Lowenstine ◽

Britta Denise Hardesty ◽

Chris Wilcox

Keyword(s):

Confirmation Bias ◽

Clinical Pathology ◽

Blood Chemistry ◽

Plastic Pollution ◽

Marine Birds ◽

Wildlife Impacts

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Clinical Pathology of Plastic Ingestion in Marine Birds and Relationships with Blood Chemistry

Environmental Science & Technology ◽

10.1021/acs.est.9b02098 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 (15) ◽

pp. 9224-9231 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Jennifer L. Lavers ◽

Ian Hutton ◽

Alexander L. Bond

Keyword(s):

Clinical Pathology ◽

Blood Chemistry ◽

Marine Birds

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Marine birds and plastic pollution

Marine Ecology Progress Series ◽

10.3354/meps037295 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

pp. 295-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 135

Author(s):

MY Azzarello ◽

ES Van Vleet

Keyword(s):

Plastic Pollution ◽

Marine Birds

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ANALISIS LAMA WAKTU PELAYANAN LABORATORIUM DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH PASAMAN BARAT

JURNAL KESEHATAN PERINTIS (Perintis's Health Journal) ◽

10.33653/jkp.v5i1.153 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 114-121

Author(s):

Betti Rosita ◽

Ulfa Khairani

Keyword(s):

Health Services ◽

Waiting Time ◽

Service Time ◽

Clinical Chemistry ◽

Clinical Pathology ◽

Blood Chemistry ◽

Pathology Laboratory ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Laboratory Service ◽

Laboratory Services

Hospital laboratory services is one of the activities in hospitals that support quality health services. One indicator of the success of health services in the field of clinical pathology laboratory services is the waiting time for laboratory services. The standard set for laboratory service outcome waiting time is ≤ 140 minutes for blood chemistry and routine blood. This research analyzed the service time of outpatient laboratory that conducted hematology and clinical chemistry examination in the laboratory of Pasaman Barat Hospital. This research is a type of descriptive analytic research that is quantitative and supported by qualitative using cross sectional approach. The result of the research showed that laboratory service time at RSUD Pasaman Barat fulfilled the standard (≤ 140 minutes) for hematology examination 33.94 minutes, clinical chemistry 83.92 minutes, hematology and clinical chemistry 98 minutes. Based on the results of this study, the stages that contribute to the length of time laboratory services for hematological examination lies in the pre analytical stage, for clinical chemistry examination is located at the analytical stage, as well as for hematology and clinical chemistry examination lies in the analytic stage as well as the factors that affect the length of time laboratory services are human resources that is in the ability of officers and infrastructure facilities

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Marine birds and plastic pollution

Deep Sea Research Part B Oceanographic Literature Review ◽

10.1016/0198-0254(87)96125-5 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 34 (12) ◽

pp. 1076

Keyword(s):

Plastic Pollution ◽

Marine Birds

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Haematological and blood chemistry "comparison values" for clinical pathology in poultry

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1136/vr.102.2.29 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 102 (2) ◽

pp. 29-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

J. Ross ◽

G. Christie ◽

W. Halliday ◽

R. Jones

Keyword(s):

Clinical Pathology ◽

Blood Chemistry

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Marine birds and plastic debris in Canada: a national synthesis and a way forward

Environmental Reviews ◽

10.1139/er-2014-0039 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Jennifer F. Provencher ◽

Alexander L. Bond ◽

Mark L. Mallory

Keyword(s):

Bird Species ◽

Marine Debris ◽

National Strategy ◽

Plastic Pollution ◽

Plastic Debris ◽

Marine Birds ◽

Multiple Regions ◽

United Nations Environmental Program ◽

Subsequent Effect ◽

The 1960S

Marine plastic ingestion by seabirds was first documented in the 1960s, but over 50 years later our understanding about the prevalence, intensity, and subsequent effect of plastic pollution in the oceans is still developing. In Canada, systematic assessments using recognized standard protocols began only in the mid-2000s. With marine plastic pollution identified by the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) as one of the most critical challenges for the environment, a greater understanding of how plastics affect marine birds in Canada, along with a national strategy, is timely and necessary. To better understand which and how many marine birds are affected by marine debris, we reviewed reports of plastic ingestion and nest incorporation in Canada. Of the 91 marine bird species found in Canadian waters, detailed plastic ingestion data from multiple years and locations are available for only six species. Another 33 species have incidental reports, and we lack any data on dozens more. Future efforts should focus on characterizing the risk of plastic ingestion among understudied species and on continued monitoring of species that are known indicators of plastic pollution internationally and found in multiple regions of Canada to facilitate comparisons at the national and international levels.

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Reference intervals for Cu, Mg, and Zn in captive gyrfalcons and other falcon species in the United Arab Emirates

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/10406387211015655 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104063872110156

Author(s):

Lucia Pappalardo ◽

Christu-Das Silvanose ◽

Hugues Beaufrère ◽

Ambilli Binoy ◽

Panagiotis Azmanis

Keyword(s):

United Arab Emirates ◽

Significant Variation ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Plasma Chemistry ◽

Clinical Pathology ◽

Blood Chemistry ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

Intangible Cultural Heritage ◽

Health And Wellness ◽

American Society

Falconry is a long-standing tradition in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and in 2016, falconry was included by UNESCO in the list of intangible cultural heritage of humanity. The health and wellness of falconry raptors is a priority for the local culture; plasma chemistry analysis plays an important role in monitoring, assessing, and managing diseases in avian patients. Imbalances of Cu, Mg, and Zn have been linked to several diseases in avian species; therefore, determining the reference intervals (RIs) of these minerals has important implications in the clinical management of falcons. We determined the RIs in plasma for Cu, Mg, and Zn in captive (falconry-managed) falcons according to the Quality Assurance and Laboratory Standards Committee of the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology, and the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Blood chemistry analyses were carried out on 252 clinically healthy falcons examined at the Dubai Falcon Hospital in the UAE: 124 gyrfalcons ( Falco rusticolus) and 128 falcons of other species. We observed no significant variation in RIs of Cu (1.5–7.0 µmol/L), Mg (0.49–0.78 mmol/L), or Zn (11.8–34.1 µmol/L) based on different species or sex.

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On Future Directions in Pathology

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100053991 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 274-277

Author(s):

Benjamin F. Trump ◽

Irene K. Berezesky ◽

Raymond T. Jones

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Clinical Pathology ◽

Future Directions ◽

Diagnostic Pathology ◽

The Past ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Organ Systems ◽

The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

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