Corrections Thermogravimetric Study of Magnesium and Aluminum Metal-Gas Reactions

1961 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1654-1654
Author(s):  
M M. Markowitz ◽  
D A. Boryta
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Study ◽  
Aluminum Metal ◽  
Gas Reactions

Thermogravimetric Study of Magnesium and Aluminum Metal-Gas Reactions

1961 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 949-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Markowitz ◽  
D. A. Boryta
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Study ◽  
Aluminum Metal ◽  
Gas Reactions

In situ REM imaging of surface processes on ceramic bulk crystals from 300 to 1670 K in a conventional TEM

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 660-661
Author(s):  
Z. L. Wang ◽  
J. Bentley
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Atomic Processes ◽  
Crystal Surfaces ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reflection Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gas Reactions

Studying the behavior of surfaces at high temperatures is of great importance for understanding the properties of ceramics and associated surface-gas reactions. Atomic processes occurring on bulk crystal surfaces at high temperatures can be recorded by reflection electron microscopy (REM) in a conventional transmission electron microscope (TEM) with relatively high resolution, because REM is especially sensitive to atomic-height steps.Improved REM image resolution with a FEG: Cleaved surfaces of a-alumina (012) exhibit atomic flatness with steps of height about 5 Å, determined by reference to a screw (or near screw) dislocation with a presumed Burgers vector of b = (1/3)<012> (see Fig. 1). Steps of heights less than about 0.8 Å can be clearly resolved only with a field emission gun (FEG) (Fig. 2). The small steps are formed by the surface oscillating between the closely packed O and Al stacking layers. The bands of dark contrast (Fig. 2b) are the result of beam radiation damage to surface areas initially terminated with O ions.

Residual Gas Reactions in the Electron Microscope: I. Qualitative Observations on the Water Gas Reaction

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 292-293
Author(s):  
Richard E. Hartman ◽  
Roberta S. Hartman ◽  
Peter L. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Residual Gas ◽  
Gas Reactions ◽  
Image Position ◽  
The Right ◽  
Water Gas ◽  
Thinning Rate

The action of water and the electron beam on organic specimens in the electron microscope results in the removal of oxidizable material (primarily hydrogen and carbon) by reactions similar to the water gas reaction .which has the form:The energy required to force the reaction to the right is supplied by the interaction of the electron beam with the specimen.The mass of water striking the specimen is given by:where u = gH2O/cm2 sec, PH2O = partial pressure of water in Torr, & T = absolute temperature of the gas phase. If it is assumed that mass is removed from the specimen by a reaction approximated by (1) and that the specimen is uniformly thinned by the reaction, then the thinning rate in A/ min iswhere x = thickness of the specimen in A, t = time in minutes, & E = efficiency (the fraction of the water striking the specimen which reacts with it).

Latch-Up Induced Slit Voiding in Aluminum Metal Lines

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyu Zhang ◽  
Lakshmi Vedula ◽  
Shekhar Khandekar
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Line Width ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Metal Line ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
Mixed Signal ◽  
Aluminum Metal ◽  
Temperature Operating ◽  
Latch Up

Abstract Latch-up induced during High Temperature Operating Life (HTOL) test of a mixed signal device fabricated with 1.0 μm CMOS, double poly, double metal process caused failures due to an open in aluminum metal line. Metal lines revealed wedge voids of about 50% of the line width. Triggering of latch up mechanism during the HTOL test resulted in a several fold increase of current flowing through the ground metal line. This increase in current resulted in the growth of the wedge voids leading to failures due to open metal lines.

Innovative Closed-Cell Reactor Permits In Situ Heating and Gas Reactions with Atomic Resolution at Atmospheric Pressure

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1118-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Allard ◽  
S.H. Overbury ◽  
M.B. Katz ◽  
W.C. Bigelow ◽  
D. Nackashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Atomic Resolution ◽  
Closed Cell ◽  
Cell Reactor ◽  
In Situ Heating ◽  
Gas Reactions

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.

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