Physical Properties of Natural and Synthetic Rubber Materials at Low Temperatures

1952 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 812-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Z. Lichtman ◽  
C. K. Chatten
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Effect of Storage and Temperature on Flexibility of Natural and Synthetic Rubbers

1948 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 864-876
Author(s):  
John B. Gregory ◽  
Irving Pockel ◽  
John F. Stiff
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Low Temperature Storage ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Temperature Storage ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Abstract A new method for measuring the flexibility of rubber has been described. The method consists essentially in determining the stress-strain curve obtained by loading and unloading a loop formed from a one-inch by six-inch strip cut from a test slab. A coefficient of flexibility independent of the thickness of the sample and, in addition, information on per cent resilience were obtained. By the use of the method described, the behavior of various natural and synthetic rubber gas mask facepiece compounds was studied during one month to three months' exposure at various temperatures down to −20° F. Progressive stiffening probably due to crystallization was found for natural rubber, GR-I, and GR-M compounds at low temperatures. No tendency to crystallize was noted for the GR-S compound. Of the crystallizable polymers GR-I was the most resistant, and GR-M the least resistant to stiffening during low temperature storage. It is of course evident that different polymers have inherently different degrees of resistance to low temperatures. Disregarding these inherent differences the work reported indicates that the resistance of elastomer compounds to stiffening during prolonged low temperature storage is favored by the following: 1. Use of interpolymers made from monomer mixtures having a relatively large proportion of each component, thus obtaining mutual intereference with crystallization. 2. Use of a “tight” cure which probably so impedes the movement of the polymer chains as to make crystallization difficult.

Brittle Points of Natural and Synthetic Rubber Stocks

1944 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
Ross E. Morris ◽  
Robert R. James ◽  
Theodore A. Werkenthin
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Resistance ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Point Test ◽  
Brittle Point ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Abstract The slow-bend brittle point test does not have the same practical significance as the Bell Telephone Laboratories brittle point test because most rubber articles which are exposed to low temperatures in service are required to withstand fairly rapid flexing. If the slow-bend brittle point test were used as a criterion of the cold resistance of these rubber articles, it might qualify the rubbers for a lower temperature than they could safely withstand in service. The brittle point test developed by the Bell Telephone Laboratories is simple and sensitive. It is believed that this test may advantageously be used to study all cold resistance problems where damage to the rubber itself and not increase in stiffness is the first consideration.

Physical Properties of Natural and Synthetic Rubber Materials at Low Temperatures

1953 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-180
Author(s):  
J. Z. Lichtman ◽  
C. K. Chatten
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Test Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atmospheric Aging ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Liquid Immersion ◽  
Stiffness Characteristics ◽  
Made In

Abstract A torsional apparatus and a hardness indentation tester have been found to be essentially equivalent for use in evaluating the stiffness characteristics of elastomers over a range of low temperatures. The torsion apparatus, requiring the use of relatively small specimens, facilitates carrying out various conditioning cycles on a material, such as liquid immersion or atmospheric aging. The indentometer, on the other hand, permits the employment of larger sized specimens or even samples, such as relatively thick gasket stocks. There are, then, individual advantages in each apparatus which would determine the choice to be made in selecting a test method for a particular specification.

INVAR M93

Alloy Digest ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Bend Strength ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Ni Content ◽  
Precision Alloys ◽  
Ni Alloy

Abstract Invar is an Fe-Ni alloy with 36% Ni content that exhibits the lowest expansion of known metals from very low temperatures up to approximately 230 deg C (445 deg F). Invar M93 is a cryogenic Invar with improved weldability. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear and bend strength as well as fracture toughness and fatigue. It also includes information on low temperature performance as well as forming and joining. Filing Code: FE-143. Producer or source: Metalimphy Precision Alloys.

TECHALLOY NICKEL 200

Alloy Digest ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Nickel Alloys ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Electrical Components ◽  
Nickel 200

Abstract TECHALLOY Nickel 200 is commercially pure wrought nickel. It maintains good strength at elevated temperatures and is tough and ductile at low temperatures. It is a general-purpose material when the properties of nickel alloys are not needed. Its many uses include spun and cold-formed parts, electrical components, transducers and nickel-cadmium batteries. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Ni-246. Producer or source: Techalloy Company Inc..

NITRALLOY 125

Alloy Digest ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Alloy Steel ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Ammonia Gas ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Special Alloy

Abstract NITRALLOY 125 (0.20-0.30% C) is a special alloy steel which can be nitrided, that is, surface hardened, without final quenching, by the action of ammonia gas at relatively low temperatures. Nitralloy 125 is also known as Nitralloy H. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-61. Producer or source: Alloy steel mills and foundries.

HISTAR 355

Alloy Digest ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Structural Steel ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Yield Strength

Abstract Histar 355 is a structural steel combining high yield strength (355 MPa minimum) with excellent toughness at low temperatures and outstanding weldability. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-731. Producer or source: ArcelorMittal and ArcelorMittal Luxembourg.

TLS A6

Alloy Digest ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Tool Steels

Abstract TLS A6 is a medium-alloy air-hardening tool steel that is known for its through hardening at the low temperatures typically used with oil-hardening tool steels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on wear resistance as well as heat treating and machining. Filing Code: TS-638. Producer or source: Timken Latrobe Steel.

THYRODUR 2510

Alloy Digest ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Die Steel ◽  
Aisi D2

Abstract THYRODUR 2510 (AISI D2) is an oil hardening, non-shrinking die steel which can be hardened at relatively low temperatures. The alloy exhibits excellent wear resistance. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and hardness. It also includes information on heat treating and surface treatment. Filing Code: TS-521. Producer or source: Thyssen Specialty Steels Inc.

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