scholarly journals Microfabricated Arrays for Splitting and Assay of Clonal Colonies

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (24) ◽  
pp. 10614-10620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip C. Gach ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Samantha J. King ◽  
Christopher E. Sims ◽  
James Bear ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microfabricated Arrays

Measuring surface potential components necessary for transmembrane current computation using microfabricated arrays

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (6) ◽  
pp. H2468-H2477 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. James Wiley ◽  
Raymond E. Ideker ◽  
William M. Smith ◽  
Andrew E. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Electrode Spacing ◽  
Back Side ◽  
Transmembrane Current ◽  
Fine Wire ◽  
Microfabricated Arrays ◽  
Potential Gradients ◽  
Unipolar Electrograms

This study was designed to test the feasibility of using microfabricated electrodes to record surface potentials with sufficiently fine spatial resolution to measure the potential gradients necessary for improved computation of transmembrane current density. To assess that feasibility, we recorded unipolar electrograms from perfused rabbit right ventricular free wall epicardium ( n = 6) using electrode arrays that included 25-μm sensors fabricated onto a flexible substrate with 75-μm interelectrode spacing. Electrode spacing was therefore on the size scale of an individual myocyte. Signal conditioning adjacent to the sensors to control lead noise was achieved by routing traces from the electrodes to the back side of the substrate where buffer amplifiers were located. For comparison, recordings were also made using arrays built from chloridized silver wire electrodes of either 50-μm (fine wire) or 250-μm (coarse wire) diameters. Electrode separations were necessarily wider than with microfabricated arrays. Comparable signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of 21.2 ± 2.2, 32.5 ± 4.1, and 22.9 ± 0.7 for electrograms recorded using microfabricated sensors ( n = 78), fine wires ( n = 78), and coarse wires ( n = 78), respectively, were found. High SNRs were maintained in bipolar electrograms assembled using spatial combinations of the unipolar electrograms necessary for the potential gradient measurements and in second-difference electrograms assembled using spatial combinations of the bipolar electrograms necessary for surface Laplacian (SL) measurements. Simulations incorporating a bidomain representation of tissue structure and a two-dimensional network of guinea pig myocytes prescribed following the Luo and Rudy dynamic membrane equations were completed using 12.5-μm spatial resolution to assess contributions of electrode spacing to the potential gradient and SL measurements. In those simulations, increases in electrode separation from 12.5 to 75.0, 237.5, and 875.0 μm, which were separations comparable to the finest available with our microfabricated, fine wire, and coarse wire arrays, led to 10%, 42%, and 81% reductions in maximum potential gradients and 33%, 76%, and 96% reductions in peak-to-peak SLs. Maintenance of comparable SNRs for source electrograms was therefore important because microfabrication provides a highly attractive methods to achieve spatial resolutions necessary for improved computation of transmembrane current density.

Microfabricated arrays of elastomeric posts to study cellular mechanics

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia du Roure ◽  
Caroline Dequidt ◽  
Alain Richert ◽  
Robert H. Austin ◽  
Axel Buguin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Mechanics ◽  
Microfabricated Arrays

Microfabricated arrays for high-throughput screening of cellular response to cyclic substrate deformation

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Moraes ◽  
Jan-Hung Chen ◽  
Yu Sun ◽  
Craig A. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Microfabricated Arrays

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic metamaterials: Microfabricated arrays to steer, refract, and focus streams of biomaterials

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (21) ◽  
pp. 7434-7438 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Morton ◽  
K. Loutherback ◽  
D. W. Inglis ◽  
O. K. Tsui ◽  
J. C. Sturm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microfabricated Arrays

scholarly journals Comparison of Beam-Based Failure Analysis Techniques for Microsystems-Enabled Photovoltaics

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin B. Yang ◽  
Jose L. Cruz-Campa ◽  
Gaddi S. Haase ◽  
Edward I. Cole ◽  
Paiboon Tangyunyong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Power Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
High Power Density ◽  
Scaling Effects ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Microfabricated Arrays

Abstract Microsystems-enabled photovoltaics (MEPVs) are microfabricated arrays of thin and efficient solar cells. The scaling effects enabled by this technique results in great potential to meet increasing demands for light-weight photovoltaic solutions with high power density. This paper covers failure analysis techniques used to support the development of MEPVs with a focus on the laser beam-based methods of LIVA, TIVA, OBIC, and SEI. Each FA technique is useful in different situations, and the examples in this paper show the relative advantages of each method for the failure analysis of MEPVs.

Development of a Novel Magnetic-Driven Micropillar Substrate for Mechanical Stimulation at Individual Focal Adhesions of Cells

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Nagayama ◽  
Yasuhiro Hamada ◽  
Takuya Inoue ◽  
Takeo Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Focal Adhesions ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Traction Forces ◽  
Local Displacement ◽  
Cellular Mechanotransduction ◽  
Microfabricated Arrays

Traction force generated at focal adhesions (FAs) of cells plays an essential role in regulating various cellular functions. The force can be measured by plating cells on a flexible substrate to observe local displacement of the substrate caused by the forces (1–100 nN) [1]. Approaches employing this method include using microfabricated arrays of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) micropillars that bend by cellular traction forces [2]. If you could apply forces to individual FAs independently by actively moving micropillars, it should become a powerful tool to delineate the cellular mechanotransduction mechanisms.

Microfabricated arrays of femtoliter chambers allow single molecule enzymology

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick Rondelez ◽  
Guillaume Tresset ◽  
Kazuhito V Tabata ◽  
Hideyuki Arata ◽  
Hiroyuki Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Microfabricated Arrays ◽  
Single Molecule Enzymology

Microfabricated arrays of cylindrical wells facilitate single-molecule enzymology of α-chymotrypsin

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Y. Chen ◽  
Ashish S. Jani ◽  
Lifeng Zheng ◽  
Peter J. Burke ◽  
James P. Brody
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Microfabricated Arrays ◽  
Single Molecule Enzymology
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