Alkali-metal and alkaline-earth cation and proton selectivities of dibenzo-14-crown-4 and its derivatives in polymeric membranes

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (15) ◽  
pp. 1618-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uriel. Olsher ◽  
Felix. Frolow ◽  
Gil. Shoham ◽  
Gwi Suk. Heo ◽  
Richard A. Bartsch
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Polymeric Membranes ◽  
Alkaline Earth Cation ◽  
Earth Cation

FIA Potentiometric and Solvent Extraction Studies of Alkali Metal and Alkaline Earth Cation Complexation bybis(Tert-butylbenzo)-21-crown-7

1993 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1413-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman S. Attiyat ◽  
Gary D. Christian ◽  
Joseph A. McDonough ◽  
Bozena Strzelbicka ◽  
Mi-Ja Goo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Cation Complexation ◽  
Alkaline Earth Cation ◽  
Earth Cation

scholarly journals Dendrite-free alkali-metal electrodeposition from contact-ion-pair state induced by mixing alkaline earth cation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyi Li ◽  
Masaki Murayama ◽  
Tetsu Ichitsubo
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Free Alkali ◽  
Alkali Cations ◽  
Metal Anode ◽  
Alkaline Earth Cation ◽  
Metal Electrodeposition ◽  
Earth Cation

Alkali metals, such as lithium and sodium, have been expected to be used for rechargeable metal-anode batteries owing to their low electrode potentials and large capacities. However, the well-known fatal problem, “dendritic growth” causing a dangerous short circuit, is faced while charging the batteries. Here, through a comprehensive study with electrochemical experiments, Raman and soft X-ray emission spectroscopies, density-functional-theory calculation, and molecular dynamic simulations, we provide an advanced guideline for electrolyte design in which a mixture of alkaline earth (Mg, Ca, Ba) salts is used to inhibit dendrite growth of alkali metals (Li, Na) during electrodeposition. Especially, focusing on CaTFSA2, as a salient exemplary alkaline-earth-cation additive, we demonstrate that dendrite-free morphology upon alkali-metal electrodeposition can successfully be attained by modifying their solvation structures in the dual-cation electrolyte systems. Adding divalent Ca2+ promotes alkali cation (Li+ or Na+) to form the contact ion pairs (CIPs) with the counter anions, which replaces the solvent-separated ion pairs (SSIPs) commonly existing in single-cation electrolytes. Such CIPs related to alkali cations would separate Ca2+ ions distantly to shield the strong coulomb interaction among the divalent cations. The stronger binding of the CIPs would retard the desolvation kinetics of alkali cations and, consequently, realizes a severely constrained alkali-metal electrodeposition in a reaction-limited process that is required for the dendrite-free morphology. This work provides prospects to construct dual-cation electrolytes for dendrite-free alkali-metal-anode batteries utilizing the concerted interactions between monovalent and multivalent cations.

Novel Na-3-Mica: Alkaline Earth Cation Exchange and Immobilization

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Kodama ◽  
Kumi Hasegawa ◽  
Ken-ichi Shimizu ◽  
Sridhar Komarneni
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Alkaline Earth Cation ◽  
Earth Cation
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