Halauxifen-methyl preplant intervals and environmental conditions in soybean

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 680-685
Author(s):  
Marcelo Zimmer ◽  
Bryan G. Young ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Soybean Field ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Synthetic Auxin ◽  
Auxin Herbicides ◽  
Biomass Plant ◽  
Plant Length

AbstractSynthetic-auxin herbicides are often applied for horseweed control before soybean planting. However, certain days of planting interval must be maintained before soybean planting, depending on the product and rate used, because of potential crop phytotoxicity. Halauxifen-methyl is a new synthetic-auxin herbicide for horseweed control in preplant applications in soybean. Field experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 in Indiana to evaluate soybean phytotoxicity in response to applications of halauxifen-methyl (5 g ae ha−1) at five preplant intervals (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks before planting [WBP]). In 2015, soybean phytotoxicity was not observed for any of the preplant intervals at any of the sites. In 2016, 0% to 15% phytotoxicity was observed at 14 d after planting (DAP) when halauxifen-methyl was applied at planting, 1 WBP, and 2 WBP at different sites. Soybean phytotoxicity was expressed in the unifoliate leaves only at 14 DAP. However, the first trifoliate did not show any injury symptoms at 21 DAP from any preplant application timing. Preplant application intervals for halauxifen-methyl did not affect soybean stand counts or grain yield in any site-year. Therefore, field results indicated that halauxifen-methyl applied alone can cause slight soybean phytotoxicity in preplant applications. In growth-chamber bioassays, reductions in soybean biomass, plant length, and emergence were accentuated at 30 C, compared with 20 or 15 C, when halauxifen-methyl was applied at 20 or 40 g ae ha−1. These results contradict the currently held paradigm in which lower temperatures generally increase crop phytotoxicity levels to herbicide soil residual.

Weed Control with Halauxifen-Methyl Applied Alone and in Mixtures with 2,4-D, Dicamba, and Glyphosate

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Zimmer ◽  
Bryan G. Young ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Synthetic Auxin ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Auxin Herbicides ◽  
Control Spectrum

AbstractSynthetic auxin herbicides such as 2,4-D and dicamba are often utilized to control broadleaf weeds in preplant burndown applications to soybean. Halauxifen-methyl is a new synthetic auxin herbicide for broadleaf weed control in preplant burndown applications to corn, cotton, and soybean at low use rates (5 g ae ha–1). Field experiments were conducted to evaluate efficacy and weed control spectrum of halauxifen-methyl applied alone and in mixtures with 2,4-D (560 g ae ha–1), dicamba (280 g ae ha–1), and glyphosate (560 g ae ha–1). Glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed was controlled with halauxifen-methyl applied alone (90% control) and in mixtures (87% to 97% control) 35 d after treatment (DAT). Common ragweed was controlled 93% with halauxifen-methyl applied alone and 91% to 97% in mixtures 35 DAT. Halauxifen-methyl applied alone resulted in poor giant ragweed control 21 DAT (73% control); however, mixtures of halauxifen-methyl with 2,4-D, dicamba, or glyphosate controlled giant ragweed (86% to 98% control). Halauxifen-methyl alone resulted in poor redroot pigweed control (62% control) 21 DAT; however, mixtures of halauxifen-methyl with dicamba, 2,4-D, or glyphosate controlled redroot pigweed (89% to 98% control). Halauxifen-methyl controls GR horseweed and common ragweed applied alone and in mixtures with other synthetic auxin herbicides and glyphosate. Furthermore, mixing 2,4-D or dicamba with halauxifen-methyl can increase the weed control spectrum in preplant burndown applications.

Effect of Postemergence Mesotrione Application Timing on Grain Sorghum

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
M. Joy M. Abit ◽  
Kassim Al-Khatib ◽  
Randall S. Currie ◽  
Phillip W. Stahlman ◽  
Patrick W. Geier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Garden City ◽  
Application Timing

Field experiments were conducted at Belleville, Colby, Hays, Hesston, Garden City, and Manhattan, KS, to determine grain sorghum response to POST application of mesotrione at three application timings. Mesotrione was applied at 52, 105, 157, and 210 g ai/ha in combination with 280 g ai/ha atrazine to grain sorghum at heights of 5 to 8, 15 to 20, and 30 cm, which correspond to early POST (EPOST), mid-POST (MPOST), and late POST (LPOST), respectively. All mesotrione rates caused injury at all application timings. Overall, grain sorghum injury from mesotrione was greatest at 1 wk after treatment (WAT); plants partially recovered from injury by 4 WAT. Mesotrione applied EPOST injured grain sorghum more than when applied at MPOST and LPOST timings. The EPOST application injured grain sorghum 19 to 88%, whereas injury from MPOST and LPOST application was 1 to 66% and 0 to 69%, respectively, depending on rate. Mesotrione injury was least at Belleville and most at the Hesston and Garden City (irrigated) sites regardless of growth stage. Correlation coefficient analyses indicated that observed mesotrione injury symptoms were not well correlated with grain sorghum yield; thus, mesotrione injury to grain sorghum did not influence grain yield. However, initial grain sorghum injury was severe, and this will likely be a major concern to producers.

Synthetic Auxin Herbicides Control Germinating Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy B. Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Cytisus Scoparius ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Synthetic Auxin ◽  
Scotch Broom ◽  
Auxin Herbicides ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies ◽  
Viable Treatment

Scotch broom is a large, nonnative shrub that has invaded forests and grasslands in 27 U.S. states. Without treatment, Scotch broom's persistent seedbank ensures a continuing source of regeneration after soil disturbance. In growth chamber studies, five rates of three synthetic auxin herbicides, aminocyclopyrachlor (AC), aminopyralid (AP), and clopyralid (CP), were compared for PRE control of Scotch broom. Cumulative 90-d emergence, mortality, and biomass of seedlings did not vary among herbicides, averaging 42% of seeds sown, 75% of emerged seedlings, and 9 mg seedling−1 for treated containers, respectively, versus 46%, 17%, and 26 mg seedling−1 for nontreated containers. Low rates of each herbicide (< 50% of the maximum labeled rate [MLR]) provided 60 to 80% control, whereas 100% MLR provided 69 to 89% control. Although the herbicides differed in cost per unit seedling mortality (AP < CP < AC), each demonstrated strong potential as a viable treatment for PRE control of Scotch broom.

Contribution of phase durations to canola (Brassica napus L.) grain yields in the High Rainfall Zone of southern Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Riffkin ◽  
Brendan Christy ◽  
Garry O'Leary ◽  
Debra Partington
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Winter Canola ◽  
High Rainfall

In the High Rainfall Zone (HRZ) of southern Australia, long-season winter canola types have been commercially available only since 2011. Experiments in this region show that these varieties can provide improvements in grain yield over spring types of >20% because of their ability to make better use of the longer growing season. However, within this longer crop duration, the optimum length and timings of the critical growth phases to maximise grain production are unknown. Data from eight field experiments conducted between 2010 and 2014 at Hamilton, in the HRZ of south-western Victoria, were analysed to determine whether different phases within the crop’s life cycle vary in their contribution to grain yield and, if so, how this is influenced by climatic conditions. The dataset provided 536 genotype–environment–management combinations including 60 varieties ranging in total crop duration from 186 to 236 days. Over the 5 years, seasons were highly variable with annual rainfall ranging between 479 and 981 mm and spring rainfall (September–November) between 84 and 199 mm. The range of crop maturity types (i.e. winter and spring types) and environmental conditions provided a wide spread in growth, development and grain yield. The analysis showed a positive association between longer duration from flowering to maturity and grain yield, and showed that the duration was influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Pre-flowering reserves made an important contribution to grain yield, and remobilisation of reserves from the pre-flowering period was greatest for winter types, presumably due to less favourable conditions for growth during grain-filling. Optimising flowering to produce sufficient pre-flowering reserves for remobilisation while ensuring that environmental conditions post-flowering are such that the grain-filling duration is maximised may provide a strategy to increase yields in this environment.

Acetolactate Synthase-Resistant and -Susceptible Corn (Zea mays) Response to Imazethapyr, Imazaquin, Chlorimuron, and CGA-152005

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 810-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Krausz ◽  
George Kapusta ◽  
Joseph L. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Hand Weeding

Field experiments were conducted from 1993 to 1995 to evaluate the response of ALS-resistant and ALS-susceptible corn to imazethapyr, imazaquin, chlorimuron, and CGA-152005 at label and twice label rates applied preplant incorporated (PPI) and postemergence (POST). The susceptible hybrid (P3245) and the resistant hybrid (P3245IR) grain yield were not different where weeds were removed by hand-weeding alone. Alachlor plus atrazine alone plus hand-weeding reduced grain yield by 5% compared to hand-weeding only. Imazethapyr applied PPI and POST reduced height of the susceptible hybrid 11 and 6%, respectively, averaged across imazethapyr rates. Imazaquin reduced the final height of the susceptible hybrid by 30 to 75% and reduced corn density by 62 to 78%. Chlorimuron applied PPI reduced final corn height of the susceptible hybrid by 26 to 36% and density by 27%. Chlorimuron applied PPI and imazaquin applied PPI and POST reduced grain yield of the susceptible hybrid. Imazethapyr did not reduce grain yield of the susceptible hybrid, regardless of application timing or rate. Imazethapyr, imazaquin, and chlorimuron did not reduce height, density, or grain yield of the resistant hybrid, regardless of application timing or rate. CGA-152005 applied PPI reduced grain yield of the susceptible and resistant hybrid. CGA-152005 applied POST did not reduce grain yield, regardless of hybrid or rate.

Spray solution pH and soybean injury as influenced by synthetic auxin formulation and spray additives

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sarah Striegel ◽  
Maxwel C. Oliveira ◽  
Nicholas Arneson ◽  
Shawn P. Conley ◽  
David E. Stoltenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Target Movement ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Synthetic Auxin ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
Auxin Herbicides ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Use of synthetic auxin herbicides has increased across the midwestern United States after adoption of synthetic auxin-resistant soybean traits, in addition to extensive use of these herbicides in corn. Off-target movement of synthetic auxin herbicides such as dicamba can lead to severe injury to sensitive plants nearby. Previous research has documented effects of glyphosate on spray-solution pH and volatility of several dicamba formulations, but our understanding of the relationships between glyphosate and dicamba formulations commonly used in corn and for 2,4-D remains limited. The objectives of this research were to (1) investigate the roles of synthetic auxin herbicide formulation, glyphosate, and spray additives on spray solution pH; (2) assess the impact of synthetic auxin herbicide rate on solution pH; and (3) assess the influence of glyphosate and application time of year on dicamba and 2,4-D volatility using soybean as bioindicators in low-tunnel field volatility experiments. Addition of glyphosate to a synthetic auxin herbicide decreased solution pH below 5.0 for four of the seven herbicides tested (range of initial pH of water source, 7.45–7.70). Solution pH of most treatments was lower at a higher application rate (4× the labeled POST rate) than the 1× rate. Among all treatment factors, inclusion of glyphosate was the most important affecting spray solution pH; however, the addition of glyphosate did not influence area under the injury over distance stairs (P = 0.366) in low-tunnel field volatility experiments. Greater soybean injury in field experiments was associated with high air temperatures (maximum, >29 C) and low wind speeds (mean, 0.3–1.5 m s−1) during the 48 h after treatment application. The two dicamba formulations (diglycolamine with VaporGrip® and sodium salts) resulted in similar levels of soybean injury for applications that occurred later in the growing season. Greater soybean injury was observed after dicamba than after 2,4-D treatments.

INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF YUBILEINY NOVY 142 TOBACCO BY USING THE RAIKAT START GROWTH REGULATOR IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF KRASNODAR REGION

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Growth Stimulator ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Stalk Diameter ◽  
Seedling Plant ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Plant Length

Efficiency of new natural growth stimulator Raykat Start for seedling plant growing (tobacco) has been studied on the base of All-Russian research institute of tobacco makhorka and tobacco products. We used west-subcaucasian leached black soil on the experimental field. Laboratorial, greenhouse and field experiments have discovered that soaking seeds in solution with concentration of growth stimulator 0.0001 % during 6 hours leads to germs mass increasing by 70 %. Seeds treatment before sowing with efficient concentration of stimulator (0.0001 %) in combination with further double spraying (in basic stages ofplant development: “cotyledon” and “ready for transplanting” before pulling plants from seedbed) on plants until their total moistening of above earth plant parts leads to increasing plant length from collar to growing point by 32 %, to leaf tips - by 23 %, above earth plant mass - by 78 %, root mass - by 60 %, stalk diameter in collar part - by 25 %. It was also noticed significant decreasing of stalk and root decays (up to 52 %) in areas with plants treated by stimulator. Surviving of transplanted plants treated with Raykat Start was 95 %, they had increased growing and developing rates both in the beginning of field stage and in the end of vegetation. These led to increasing plant length, leaf area, which increased by 31 % and plant productivity which increased by 17.6 %.

Interference of Three Annual Grasses with Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda S. Smith ◽  
Don S. Murray ◽  
J. D. Green ◽  
Wan M. Wanyahaya ◽  
David L. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Wide Row Spacing

Barnyardgrass, large crabgrass, and Texas panicum were evaluated in field experiments over 3 yr to measure their duration of interference and density on grain sorghum yield. When grain yield data were converted to a percentage of the weed-free control, linear regression predicted a 3.6% yield loss for each week of weed interference regardless of year or grass species. Grain sorghum grown in a narrow (61-cm) row spacing was affected little by full-season interference; however, in wide (91-cm) rows, interference increased as grass density increased. Data from the wide-row spacing were described by linear regression following conversion of grain yield to percentages and weed density to log10. A separate nonlinear model also was derived which could predict the effect of weed density on grain sorghum yield.

scholarly journals Evaluation of prophylactic fungicide application timing on soybean (glycine max) grain yield, quality, and economic return in Mississippi

cftm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chase Alan Floyd ◽  
J Trent Irby ◽  
Tom W. Allen ◽  
Angus L. Catchot ◽  
Darrin M. Dodds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Yield Quality
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