Evaluation of broadcast and spot herbicide applications for narrowleaf goldenrod [Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt.] management in lowbush blueberry

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad H. Farooq ◽  
Qamar U. Zaman ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd ◽  
Scott N. White
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Optimal Interval ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Single Versus ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl

AbstractGoldenrods are common perennial weeds in lowbush blueberry fields in Nova Scotia. Management options are limited to mowing and suppression with POST mesotrione applications. The objectives of this research were to (1) compare efficacy of single versus sequential nonbearing-year POST mesotrione applications on goldenrod (2) identify the optimal interval between sequential POST mesotrione applications (3) evaluate nonbearing-year POST bicyclopyrone applications on goldenrod, and (4) evaluate nonbearing-year summer and fall herbicide spot treatments on goldenrod. POST mesotrione applications at 144 g ai ha−1 caused 39% to 77% injury but did not reduce goldenrod shoot density. In contrast, mesotrione applications at 144 g ai ha−1 followed by sequential mesotrione application at 14, 21, or 28 days after initial treatment caused greater than 90% injury to goldenrod and reduced both nonbearing- and bearing-year shoot density. POST bicyclopyrone applications at 50 g ai ha−1 caused 69% to 80% injury to goldenrod but did not reduce shoot density. A bicyclopyrone plus mesotrione tank mixture did not improve goldenrod control relative to mesotrione or bicyclopyrone alone. Summer spot applications of glyphosate (7.24 g ae L water−1), glufosinate (0.75 g ai L water−1), and mesotrione (0.72 g ai L water−1) consistently injured goldenrod and reduced both nonbearing- and bearing-year shoot density. Summer spot applications of bicyclopyrone (0.25 g ai L water−1), flazasulfuron (0.31 g ai L water−1), dicamba (1 g ae L water−1), dicamba plus diflufenzopyr (0.7 g ae L water−1 plus 0.3 g ai L water−1), triclopyr (1.68 g ai L water−1), clopyralid (0.08 g ai L water−1), tribenuron methyl (0.2 g ai L water−1), and foramsulfuron (0.2 g ai L water−1) injured goldenrod but did not consistently reduce shoot density. When these herbicides were evaluated as fall spot applications, only glyphosate reduced goldenrod shoot density in the year after application.

Evaluation of ALS/AHAS-inhibiting herbicide spot applications and mesotrione tank mixtures for narrow-leaved goldenrod management in lowbush blueberry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Neil White
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Density ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Herbaceous Perennial ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl ◽  
Density Results

Narrow-leaved goldenrod is a common creeping herbaceous perennial weed in lowbush blueberry that is difficult to manage due to limited control from pre-emergence hexazinone applications and incomplete control from post-emergence mesotrione applications. The objectives of this research were to 1) evaluate a range of summer and fall non-bearing year ALS/AHAS-inhibiting herbicide spot applications for narrow-leaved goldenrod control, and 2) evaluate broadcast applications of mesotrione applied alone or in tank mixture with foramsulfuron, nicosulfuron+rimsulfuron, flazasulfuron, and clopyralid for crop tolerance and management of narrow-leaved goldenrod in lowbush blueberry. Summer non-bearing year spot applications of glyphosate and flazasulfuron caused >90% visual injury to narrow-leaved goldenrod and reduced both non-bearing and bearing year shoot density. Spot applications of tribenuron methyl, foramsulfuron, nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron, halosulfuron, and pyroxsulam caused variable injury and did not consistently reduce narrow-leaved goldenrod shoot density. Results were similar in the fall non-bearing year experiment and indicate that flazasulfuron could be used as an alternative to glyphosate for spot applications to narrow-leaved goldenrod due to lower crop injury from this herbicide relative to glyphosate. Broadcast mesotrione applications injured narrow-leaved goldenrod but did not reduce shoot density. Broadcast foramsulfuron, nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron, and clopyralid applications caused <60% narrow-leaved goldenrod injury and did not reduce shoot density. Tank mixture of these herbicides with mesotrione did not improve narrow-leaved goldenrod control. Broadcast flazasulfuron applications caused >60% visual injury to narrow-leaved goldenrod and reduced non-bearing year and bearing year shoot density. Flazasulfuron efficacy was reduced when applied in tank mixture with mesotrione.

Variation in the management of Kawasaki disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 1004-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Dionne ◽  
David Burgner ◽  
Sarah De Ferranti ◽  
Davinder Singh-Grewal ◽  
Jane Newburger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Coronary Aneurysm ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Coronary Aneurysms ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Collaborative Efforts

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) reduces coronary aneurysms in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD), but additional management options remain challenging, with no generalisable evidence-based recommendations. We performed a survey of 724 physicians from 73 countries to assess variation in practice. IVIG was the preferred initial treatment by 659 (91%) of respondents. Criteria for adjunctive primary treatment varied considerably and definitions of IVIG resistance varied markedly by geographical continent, Human Development Index tiers and medical specialty. A second dose of IVIG was used most often for patients with coronary aneurysm non-responsive to initial treatment (572, 79%), but corticosteroids (379, 52%) and tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors (208, 29%) were also frequently used. Our findings highlight the need for international collaborative efforts to optimise management of patients with KD worldwide.

Studies on the flowering biology of red sorrel (Rumex acetosella) ramets from lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) fields in Nova Scotia, Canada

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott N. White ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd ◽  
Rene C. Van Acker ◽  
Clarence J. Swanton
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Flowering Response ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Rumex Acetosella

Red sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.) is a ramet-producing herbaceous creeping perennial species commonly found as a weed in commercially managed lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) fields in Nova Scotia, Canada. Flowering and seed production occur primarily in overwintering ramets of this species, indicating a potential vernalization requirement for flowering. This study was therefore initiated to examine the role of vernalization, photoperiod, and pre-vernalization stimulus on ramet flowering. Red sorrel ramets propagated from creeping roots and seeds collected from established red sorrel populations in lowbush blueberry had an obligate requirement for vernalization to flower. Ramet populations maintained under pre- and post-vernalization photoperiods of 16 h flowered following 12 weeks of vernalization at 4 ± 0.1 °C, whereas those maintained under constant 16, 14, or 8 h photoperiods without vernalization did not flower. Vernalization for 10 weeks maximized, but did not saturate, the flowering response. Pre-vernalization photoperiod affected flowering response, with increased flowering frequency observed in ramet populations exposed to decreasing, rather than constant, photoperiod prior to vernalization. This study represents the first attempt to determine the combined effects of vernalization and photoperiod on red sorrel flowering, and the results provide a benchmark for the future study of flowering and sexual reproduction in this economically important perennial weed species.

Response of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) to hexazinone applied early in the fruiting year

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. N. Jensen ◽  
E. G. Specht
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Floral Buds ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Herbaceous Perennial

Spring application of 1.0 kg ha-1 hexazinone to fruiting-year lowbush blueberry no later than the F3 floral stage, when floral buds separate, but before the corolla tube shows white, controlled some common herbaceous perennial weeds without injury to the crop. Key words: Herbicide injury, growth stages, weed control, hexazinone, Vaccinium angustifolium

MONILINIA TWIG AND BLOSSOM BLIGHT OF LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY AND ITS CONTROL

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Lockhart
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Surveys showed twig and blossom blight of lowbush blueberries, caused by Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi, to be prevalent in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. The severity of the disease increased each successive year after burning.Sclerotia remained viable for several years and gave rise to apothecia from late April till early June. Apothecia from sclerotia from lowbush blueberries were smaller than those reported from the highbush blueberry. When first isolated in culture the fungus produced micro- and macro-conidia, but on subsequent transfer only microconidia were produced. The fungus could not be isolated from overwintered diseased leaves or twigs. Field inoculations readily reproduced the disease but inoculations in the greenhouse were unsuccessful.Three applications of ferbam, zineb or thioneb dust gave good control of twig and blossom-blight. In practice, the disease is largely controlled by burning which destroys the overwintering mummy berries without killing the underground parts of the plant.

Hexazinone and Fertilizer Impacts on Sheep Sorrel (Rumex acetosella) in Wild Blueberry

Weed Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen J. Kennedy ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd ◽  
Vilis O. Nams
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Floral Buds ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Rumex Acetosella ◽  
Wild Blueberry ◽  
Experimental Plots

Sheep sorrel is an invasive, creeping perennial weed of lowbush blueberry fields. It is one of the most prominent weeds in blueberry fields in Nova Scotia and is responsible for decreasing yields. Three levels of fertilizer (0, 20, 40 kg N ha−1) and two levels of hexazinone (0 or 1.92 kg ai ha−1) were applied to experimental plots to determine their effects on sheep sorrel density. Sprout-year hexazinone reduced sheep sorrel densities, which led to increased yields. Fertilizer increased weed density in the absence of herbicides, had no effect on density in the presence of herbicides, tended to have no impact on floral buds, and did not increase yields. Fruiting-year hexazinone decreased sheep sorrel densities in some situations, but did not result in yield increases.

The impact of stem galls induced by Hemadas nubilipennis Ashmead on shoot characteristics of lowbush blueberry

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-408
Author(s):  
D. I. Hayman ◽  
K. E. MacKenzie ◽  
E. G. Reekie
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Significant Economic Loss

The effect of galls induced by Hemadas nubilipennis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) on the morphology and reproduction of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) was studied over two seasons in three Nova Scotia blueberry fields. Comparisons of galled and non-galled shoot characteristics, and position on shoots of galls formed in the years of vegetative and reproductive growth were made. In June 1999, 30 newly galled vegetative shoots were arbitrarily selected, tagged and measured along with similar sized non-galled shoots on the galled clone and a neighbouring non-galled clone. Shoot characteristics were measured in the reproductive season during bloom and after harvest. At two sites, the dry weights of leaves and stems on galled shoots measured in the reproductive season were significantly less than non-galled shoots, but at a third site there was no difference in stem allocation. Galls reduced berry production on shoots at two sites. Proportions of terminally positioned galls differed significantly among study sites in the reproductive season. Shoots with terminal galls were significantly shorter, lighter and allocated less weight to leaves and stems than shoots with basally positioned galls. If the reports of increasing gall populations in Nova Scotia during the 1990s are correct, there may be good reason to believe that there will be significant economic loss of blueberries in the future. Key words: Gall, blueberry (lowbush), Hemadas nubilipennis, Vaccinium angustifolium

Broadleaf Weed Control with Sulfonylurea Herbicides in Cool-Season Turfgrass

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Derr
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Limited Spectrum ◽  
Residual Control ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl

Broadleaf weeds are common and troublesome pests in cool-season turfgrass species such as tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, and creeping bentgrass. Broadleaf weeds are primarily managed in these grasses through POST applications of growth regulator herbicides in the phenoxy, benzoic acid, and pyridine chemical classes. There are disadvantages to use of these chemicals, including nontarget plant damage and limited residual control. Certain annual broadleaf weeds can be controlled through application of isoxaben or a PRE crabgrass herbicide, but these herbicides do not control emerged broadleaf weeds. There are advantages to use of sulfonylurea herbicides, including PRE and POST control of annual and perennial weeds, a different mode of action, and these herbicides have low vapor pressure, reducing the potential for offsite movement. There are disadvantages to the use of sulfonylurea herbicides, including limited spectrum of broadleaf weed species controlled and limited tolerance in cool-season turfgrass species. The primary sulfonylurea herbicides used in cool-season turfgrass are chlorsulfuron, halosulfuron, metsulfuron, and sulfosulfuron. There have been specialized uses for primisulfuron and tribenuron-methyl.

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