Persistence and degradation of the herbicide hexazinone in soils of lowbush blueberry fields in Nova Scotia, Canada

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. N. Jensen ◽  
E. R. Kimball
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry

Studies on the flowering biology of red sorrel (Rumex acetosella) ramets from lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) fields in Nova Scotia, Canada

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott N. White ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd ◽  
Rene C. Van Acker ◽  
Clarence J. Swanton
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Flowering Response ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Rumex Acetosella

Red sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.) is a ramet-producing herbaceous creeping perennial species commonly found as a weed in commercially managed lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) fields in Nova Scotia, Canada. Flowering and seed production occur primarily in overwintering ramets of this species, indicating a potential vernalization requirement for flowering. This study was therefore initiated to examine the role of vernalization, photoperiod, and pre-vernalization stimulus on ramet flowering. Red sorrel ramets propagated from creeping roots and seeds collected from established red sorrel populations in lowbush blueberry had an obligate requirement for vernalization to flower. Ramet populations maintained under pre- and post-vernalization photoperiods of 16 h flowered following 12 weeks of vernalization at 4 ± 0.1 °C, whereas those maintained under constant 16, 14, or 8 h photoperiods without vernalization did not flower. Vernalization for 10 weeks maximized, but did not saturate, the flowering response. Pre-vernalization photoperiod affected flowering response, with increased flowering frequency observed in ramet populations exposed to decreasing, rather than constant, photoperiod prior to vernalization. This study represents the first attempt to determine the combined effects of vernalization and photoperiod on red sorrel flowering, and the results provide a benchmark for the future study of flowering and sexual reproduction in this economically important perennial weed species.

MONILINIA TWIG AND BLOSSOM BLIGHT OF LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY AND ITS CONTROL

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Lockhart
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Surveys showed twig and blossom blight of lowbush blueberries, caused by Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi, to be prevalent in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. The severity of the disease increased each successive year after burning.Sclerotia remained viable for several years and gave rise to apothecia from late April till early June. Apothecia from sclerotia from lowbush blueberries were smaller than those reported from the highbush blueberry. When first isolated in culture the fungus produced micro- and macro-conidia, but on subsequent transfer only microconidia were produced. The fungus could not be isolated from overwintered diseased leaves or twigs. Field inoculations readily reproduced the disease but inoculations in the greenhouse were unsuccessful.Three applications of ferbam, zineb or thioneb dust gave good control of twig and blossom-blight. In practice, the disease is largely controlled by burning which destroys the overwintering mummy berries without killing the underground parts of the plant.

Hexazinone and Fertilizer Impacts on Sheep Sorrel (Rumex acetosella) in Wild Blueberry

Weed Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen J. Kennedy ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd ◽  
Vilis O. Nams
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Floral Buds ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Rumex Acetosella ◽  
Wild Blueberry ◽  
Experimental Plots

Sheep sorrel is an invasive, creeping perennial weed of lowbush blueberry fields. It is one of the most prominent weeds in blueberry fields in Nova Scotia and is responsible for decreasing yields. Three levels of fertilizer (0, 20, 40 kg N ha−1) and two levels of hexazinone (0 or 1.92 kg ai ha−1) were applied to experimental plots to determine their effects on sheep sorrel density. Sprout-year hexazinone reduced sheep sorrel densities, which led to increased yields. Fertilizer increased weed density in the absence of herbicides, had no effect on density in the presence of herbicides, tended to have no impact on floral buds, and did not increase yields. Fruiting-year hexazinone decreased sheep sorrel densities in some situations, but did not result in yield increases.

The impact of stem galls induced by Hemadas nubilipennis Ashmead on shoot characteristics of lowbush blueberry

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-408
Author(s):  
D. I. Hayman ◽  
K. E. MacKenzie ◽  
E. G. Reekie
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Significant Economic Loss

The effect of galls induced by Hemadas nubilipennis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) on the morphology and reproduction of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) was studied over two seasons in three Nova Scotia blueberry fields. Comparisons of galled and non-galled shoot characteristics, and position on shoots of galls formed in the years of vegetative and reproductive growth were made. In June 1999, 30 newly galled vegetative shoots were arbitrarily selected, tagged and measured along with similar sized non-galled shoots on the galled clone and a neighbouring non-galled clone. Shoot characteristics were measured in the reproductive season during bloom and after harvest. At two sites, the dry weights of leaves and stems on galled shoots measured in the reproductive season were significantly less than non-galled shoots, but at a third site there was no difference in stem allocation. Galls reduced berry production on shoots at two sites. Proportions of terminally positioned galls differed significantly among study sites in the reproductive season. Shoots with terminal galls were significantly shorter, lighter and allocated less weight to leaves and stems than shoots with basally positioned galls. If the reports of increasing gall populations in Nova Scotia during the 1990s are correct, there may be good reason to believe that there will be significant economic loss of blueberries in the future. Key words: Gall, blueberry (lowbush), Hemadas nubilipennis, Vaccinium angustifolium

Evaluation of broadcast and spot herbicide applications for narrowleaf goldenrod [Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt.] management in lowbush blueberry

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad H. Farooq ◽  
Qamar U. Zaman ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd ◽  
Scott N. White
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Optimal Interval ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Single Versus ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl

AbstractGoldenrods are common perennial weeds in lowbush blueberry fields in Nova Scotia. Management options are limited to mowing and suppression with POST mesotrione applications. The objectives of this research were to (1) compare efficacy of single versus sequential nonbearing-year POST mesotrione applications on goldenrod (2) identify the optimal interval between sequential POST mesotrione applications (3) evaluate nonbearing-year POST bicyclopyrone applications on goldenrod, and (4) evaluate nonbearing-year summer and fall herbicide spot treatments on goldenrod. POST mesotrione applications at 144 g ai ha−1 caused 39% to 77% injury but did not reduce goldenrod shoot density. In contrast, mesotrione applications at 144 g ai ha−1 followed by sequential mesotrione application at 14, 21, or 28 days after initial treatment caused greater than 90% injury to goldenrod and reduced both nonbearing- and bearing-year shoot density. POST bicyclopyrone applications at 50 g ai ha−1 caused 69% to 80% injury to goldenrod but did not reduce shoot density. A bicyclopyrone plus mesotrione tank mixture did not improve goldenrod control relative to mesotrione or bicyclopyrone alone. Summer spot applications of glyphosate (7.24 g ae L water−1), glufosinate (0.75 g ai L water−1), and mesotrione (0.72 g ai L water−1) consistently injured goldenrod and reduced both nonbearing- and bearing-year shoot density. Summer spot applications of bicyclopyrone (0.25 g ai L water−1), flazasulfuron (0.31 g ai L water−1), dicamba (1 g ae L water−1), dicamba plus diflufenzopyr (0.7 g ae L water−1 plus 0.3 g ai L water−1), triclopyr (1.68 g ai L water−1), clopyralid (0.08 g ai L water−1), tribenuron methyl (0.2 g ai L water−1), and foramsulfuron (0.2 g ai L water−1) injured goldenrod but did not consistently reduce shoot density. When these herbicides were evaluated as fall spot applications, only glyphosate reduced goldenrod shoot density in the year after application.

LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY PRODUCTION IN EASTERN CANADA AS RELATED TO CERTAIN WEATHER DATA

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 809-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. HALL ◽  
L. E. AALDERS ◽  
K. B. McRAE
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry

Production of lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. and V. myrtilloides Michx.) was found to be significantly correlated with June rain in Newfoundland and with June sunshine and temperature in Nova Scotia. When the data were combined for five provinces over 27 yr, no variables were of consistent value in predicting lowbush blueberry production.

scholarly journals Growing Degree-day Models for Predicting Lowbush Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) Ramet Emergence, Tip Dieback, and Flowering in Nova Scotia, Canada

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1014-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott N. White ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd ◽  
Rene C. Van Acker
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Gaussian Model ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Weibull Function ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Degree Day ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
The Relationship

Experiments were established to evaluate the suitability of growing degree-day (GDD, Tbase = 0 °C) models for predicting emergence, tip dieback, and flowering of lowbush blueberry ramets in Nova Scotia, Canada. Data for model development were collected from quadrats established in several non-bearing and bearing blueberry fields throughout the dominant blueberry production areas in northern and central Nova Scotia. Blueberry ramets emerged between 222 and 265 GDD (6 May to 14 May) and reached 90% emergence between 619 and 917 GDD (7 June to 5 July). Emergence continued to slowly increase until late summer or early fall. Tip dieback began between 598 and 792 GDD (14 June to 21 June) and duration of this phase depended on whether late-emerging ramets developed to tip dieback. A four-parameter Weibull and a three-parameter Gompertz equation adequately explained cumulative blueberry ramet emergence and cumulative ramets at tip dieback as functions of GDD in the non-bearing year, respectively. The four-parameter Weibull function also explained the relationship between cumulative flowering ramets and GDD in the bearing year. Flowering ramets were first observed between 376 and 409 GDD (19 May to 30 May) in the bearing year. Model predictions for initiation of emergence, tip dieback, and flowering were 243, 692, and 389 GDD, respectively. Models were validated with independent data sets collected throughout northern and central Nova Scotia. The relationship between the percentage of open flowers on individual ramets and GDD in the bearing year was well described by a Gaussian model at two sites with a predicted peak number of open flowers between 552 and 565 GDD.

Incidence and impact of red leaf disease caused byExobasidium vacciniiin lowbush blueberry fields in Nova Scotia

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.D. Hildebrand ◽  
N.L. Nickerson ◽  
K.B. McRae ◽  
X. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Leaf Disease ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry

scholarly journals Effects of deicing salt on lowbush blueberry flowering and yield

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard J. Eaton ◽  
Jeff Hoyle ◽  
Andrew King
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Road Salt ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Deicing Salt ◽  
Salt Damage ◽  
The Road ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry

The effects of deicing salt (NaCl) on buds, blossoms and yields of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) were assessed over 3 yr in two commercial fields adjacent to a major Nova Scotia highway. Concentrations of road salt on exposed stems were highest next to the highway, and decreased with distance from the road. Numbers of blossoms, and subsequent fruit yields were low nearest the road, and increased with distance from the highway. Numbers of live blueberry buds and blossoms, and subsequent yields, were inversely related to concentrations of road salt on the stems. Plants under plastic shelters placed near the highway had more live buds and blossoms, as well as higher yields relative to plants exposed to deicing salt. Key words: Vaccinium, sodium chloride, salt damage, desiccation

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS: 16. Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
IVAN V. HALL ◽  
LEWIS E. AALDERS ◽  
C. FRED EVERETT
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Central Portion ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry

Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult., sweet-fern (Myricaceae), is a weed of pastures, Jack-pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) stands, and lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. and V. myrtilloides Michx.) fields of Eastern Canada. It is particularly prevalent on light sandy gleysolic and luvisolic soils from Nova Scotia in the east to the Ontario–Manitoba border in the central portion of Canada. The pruning of shoots by cutting or burning merely stimulates growth of dormant buds on the rhizome. Reproduction is also by seeds that are produced on bur-like inflorescences. Fortunately, this species is quite susceptible to several herbicides such as 2,4–D, dicamba and picloram.

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