Duration of Soil Activity of Foramsulfuron Plus Thiencarbazone-methyl Applied to Weed Species Typical of Sugar Beet Cultivation

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz J. Wendt ◽  
Christine Kenter ◽  
Erwin Ladewig ◽  
Martin Wegener ◽  
Bernward Märländer
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Soil Activity ◽  
Wild Chamomile ◽  
Trial Series

The duration of the soil activity of an acetolactate synthase-(ALS) inhibiting herbicide which is currently under approval for sugar beet cultivation was determined in a field trial series in Germany in 2013 and 2014. The herbicide containing foramsulfuron (FSN; 50 g L−1) and thiencarbazone-methyl (TCM; 30 g L−1) was applied in different dosages (25+15, 37.5+22.5 and 50+30 g FSN+TCM ha−1) to the bare soil. Five weed species (rapeseed, common lambsquarters, wild chamomile, blackgrass, barnyardgrass) were sown at 5, 10, 15 and 20d after application. The duration of the soil activity was assessed by determining percent weed control in the treated plots. The longest duration was observed after applying 50+30 g FSN+TCM ha−1, but the influence of environment was much stronger than the dosage effect. The mean duration of soil activity was 10 to 15 d in 2013 and longer than 20 d in 2014. Differences among weed species in their response to the herbicide treatments were small.

Environmental Impact of Glyphosate-Resistant Weeds in Canada

Weed Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh J. Beckie ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Robert E. Blackshaw ◽  
Eric N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Relative Potential ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) giant ragweed, horseweed, and common ragweed were confirmed in southwestern Ontario, Canada in 2008, 2010, and 2011, respectively. In the western prairie provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, GR (plus acetolactate synthase inhibitor-resistant) kochia was discovered in 2011. This symposium paper estimates the environmental impact (EI) of the top herbicide treatments or programs used to manage these GR weed species in the major field crops grown in each region. For each herbicide treatment, EI (per ha basis) was calculated as the environmental impact quotient (EIQ), which quantifies the relative potential risk of pesticide active ingredients on human and ecological health based on risk components to farm workers, consumers, and the environment, multiplied by the application rate (kg ai ha−1). Total EI is defined as EI (per ha basis) multiplied by the application area (i.e., land area affected by a GR weed). It was assumed that all herbicide treatments would supplement the continued usage of glyphosate because of its broad spectrum weed control. For the control of these GR weeds, most treatments contain auxinic or protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides. The majority of auxinic herbicide treatments result in low (EI ≤ 10) to moderate (11 to 20) EI, whereas all treatments of PPO inhibitors have low EI. Total EI of GR horseweed and kochia will generally be greater than that of giant or common ragweed because of rapid seed dispersal. For recommended herbicide treatments to control GR weeds (and herbicide-resistant weeds in general), EI data should be routinely included with cost and site of action in weed control extension publications and software, so that growers have the information needed to assess the EI of their actions.

Interaction of Rice Residue and PRE Herbicides on Emergence and Biomass of Four Weed Species

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagirath S. Chauhan ◽  
Seth B. Abugho
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Agriculture Systems

Studies were conducted in a screenhouse to determine the interaction of rice residue as mulch (0, 3, and 6 t ha−1) and herbicides (nontreated, oxadiazon at 0.5 and 1.0 kg ai ha−1, and pendimethalin at 1.0 and 2.0 kg ai ha−1) on seedling emergence and biomass of barnyardgrass, crowfootgrass, junglerice, and rice flatsedge. Regardless of the residue amount, crowfootgrass and junglerice were effectively controlled by all herbicide treatments. No seedlings of these weed species escaped the herbicides when applied in the presence of residue cover. There was no survival of barnyardgrass seedlings when both herbicides were applied on bare soil (without residue cover); however, some seedlings survived oxadiazon and pendimethalin when applied in the presence of residue cover. For rice flatsedge, the herbicide applications in the presence of residue cover resulted in lower weed control than in the absence of residue. These results suggest that some weed species can escape the application of PRE herbicides in conservation agriculture systems in which residue can bind soil-applied herbicides and result in lower efficacy.

scholarly journals Pasture damage from spot-sprayed herbicides

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.C. Harrington ◽  
H. Ghanizadeh ◽  
C. Moyo ◽  
P.D. Kemp ◽  
J.P.J. Eerens
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Lateral Spread ◽  
Grass Cover ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Total Removal ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Spot-spraying weeds in pastures enables the use of herbicide that would be too harmful to pasture if boom-sprayed. However, some herbicides are more damaging than others. To quantify this damage, a range of spot-spraying treatments was applied to ryegrass/white clover pastures. Four herbicide treatments were compared, each at two application rates and two sizes of sprayed patch. Applications of either clopyralid or a triclopyr/picloram mix resulted in total removal of white clover from the sprayed patches but these patches remained covered in perennial ryegrass. Metsulfuron also removed all white clover but also severely damaged the perennial ryegrass, although some grass cover remained due to survival of browntop. Residues of these treatments suppressed seedlings of white clover and weeds for many weeks after application. Glyphosate treatments resulted in the most bare soil. White clover recovered most rapidly in glyphosate-treated areas, mainly by lateral spread of stolons, but weed species also established rapidly.

Effect of Preplant Tillage, Post-Plant Cultivation, and Herbicides on Weed Density in Corn (Zea mays)

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 728-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Corn Grain

A four-year experiment was conducted near Scottsbluff, NE to evaluate the effect of different methods of preplant tillage, post-plant cultivation, and herbicides on weed density and grain yield. Ridge-till enhanced the development of kochia and reduced the density of wild proso millet and common lambsquarters. Tandem disking increased longspine sandbur and redroot pigweed density whereas moldboard plowing increased common sunflower density. Cultivation reduced weed density 86% but weeds that remained after cultivation reduced corn grain yield by 40% as compared with a hand-weeded control. Weed control treatments that integrated cultivation and herbicides controlled a broader spectrum of weed species than cultivation or herbicide treatments alone.

Chemical Control of Annual Weeds in Field Beans (Vicia faba) in Central Spain

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael C. Garcia De Arevalo ◽  
Carmen A. Lusarreta ◽  
Carmen B. Neyra ◽  
Mercedes A. Sanchez ◽  
Pedro J. H. Algarra
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Field Beans

Field studies were conducted over 3 yr to investigate the effect of chemicals on field beans density and weed control. Predominant weed species were common lambsquarters, fumitory, henbit, corn poppy, prostrate knotweed, and wild mustard. All herbicide treatments except linuron injured field beans. Mean field beans survival at harvest was 78% in alachlor and 84% in alachlor containing treatments. Only 5% survived atrazine at 1.9 kg ai ha−1. Ethalfluralin, pendimethalin, simazine, terbutylazine plus terbutryn, and trifluralin treatments produced plant survival values of 56, 82, 86, 74, and 71%, respectively. Chemical control of the main weed species overshadowed the detrimental effect on field beans density, and thus most herbicide treatments except alachlor resulted in increased dry beans yield. The best overall results occurred with linuron, simazine, terbuthylazine plus terbutryn, and pendimethalin which increased dry beans yields 76, 63, 56, and 40%, respectively, over the control plots. Common lambsquarters was the dominant weed, and prostrate knotweed and corn poppy were the most difficult and the easiest species to control, respectively.

scholarly journals Light Reflected from Different Plant Canopies Affected Beta vulgaris L. Growth and Development

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1771
Author(s):  
Albert T. Adjesiwor ◽  
Andrew R. Kniss
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Reflected Light

Studies on crop response to light quality (red (R) to far-red (FR) light ratio) often recommend early weed removal to reduce the effects of shade avoidance responses on crop yield. However, it is unclear whether crops are able to distinguish reflected light quality of kin from that of nonkin. We evaluated the response of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) to reflected FR light from sugar beet, common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and bare soil (control) under outdoor conditions in 2016 and 2017. Treatments were completely randomized with 10 replications per treatment. The study methods ensured there was no direct resource competition. The reflected R:FR of plant species ranged from 0.06 (common lambsquarters) to 0.24 (sugar beet) compared to 0.7 for the bare soil. In 2016 and 2017, there were 2 to 4 more leaves in the sugar beet surrounded by soil compared to sugar beet surrounded by neighboring species. There was up to 47, 57, 43, and 23% reduction in sugar beet leaf area, shoot dry weight, root diameter, and root dry weight, respectively, due to reflected R:FR light from neighboring species. Sugar beet did not respond differently to reflected light quality of kin compared to nonkin.

Response of glyphosate-resistant kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad.) to alternative herbicides

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 1407-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki Burton ◽  
Scott W. Shirriff ◽  
Hugh J. Beckie
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Chemical Fallow ◽  
Als Inhibitor

Burton, N., Shirriff, S. W. and Beckie, H. J. 2014. Response of glyphosate-resistant kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad.) to alternative herbicides. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1407–1411. A greenhouse study was conducted to examine the response of glyphosate-resistant (GR) plus acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor-resistant kochia to five post-emergence herbicide treatments commonly used to control the weed species in chemical fallow, cereals, or oilseed crops in western Canada. The treatments, which were applied to two GR kochia biotypes and one non-GR (susceptible) biotype, included the labeled rate of dicamba, dicamba/fluroxypyr, dicamba/diflufenzopyr, MCPA/bromoxynil, and glufosinate. Both GR and non-GR biotypes responded similarly to each of the herbicide treatments. Although both GR biotypes were sensitive to the herbicides, MCPA/bromoxynil was the most effective treatment in reducing shoot biomass 3 wk after application (99%), followed by glufosinate (91%) then the dicamba mixtures (82%). Dicamba alone only suppressed kochia biomass (76% reduction).

Suppression of Weed Occurrence in a Five-year Corn-earthworm Coculture System

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Tao Li ◽  
Jiequn Fan ◽  
Zhenguan Qian ◽  
Guohui Yuan ◽  
Dandan Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Species ◽  
Ecological Benefits ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Common Purslane ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Successive Experiment

Abstract The use of a corn-earthworm coculture (CE) system is an eco-agricultural technology that has been gradually extended due to its high economic output and diverse ecological benefits for urban agriculture in China. However, the effect of CE on weed occurrence has received little attention. A five-year successive experiment (2015 to 2019) was conducted to compare weed occurrence in CE and a corn (Zea mays L.) monoculture (CM). The results show that CE significantly decreased weed diversity, the dominance index, total weed density and biomass, but increased the weed evenness index. The five-year mean number of weed species per plot was 8.4 in CE and 10.7 in CM. Compared to those in CM, the five-year mean density and biomass of total weeds in CE decreased by 59.2% and 66.6%, respectively. The effect of CE on weed occurrence was species specific. The mean density of large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.], goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.], and common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) in CE decreased by 94.5, 78.1, 75.0, and 45.8%, whereas the mean biomass decreased by 96.2, 80.8, 76.9, and 41.4%, respectively. Our study suggests that the use of CE could suppress weed occurrence and reduce herbicide inputs in agriculture.

scholarly journals Impact of Type of Sugar Beet Pectin–Sodium Caseinate Interaction on Emulsion Properties at pH 4.5 and pH 7

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 631
Author(s):  
Zhang Juyang ◽  
Bettina Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Small Deformation ◽  
Sodium Caseinate ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Emulsifier System ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Droplet Sizes ◽  
The Mean

Equal parts of sugar beet pectin and sodium caseinate were interacted through electrostatic attraction, enzymatic crosslinking, and the Maillard reaction to prepare three oil-in-water emulsifier systems. Oil-in-water emulsions (10%) were processed via high shear overhead mixing at the natural pH of the emulsifier systems, followed by pH adjustment to pH 4.5 and pH 7. The emulsions were stable against coalescence, except for a slight increase in the mean droplet size for the enzymatic cross-liked emulsion at pH 4.5 over a 14-day storage period. This emulsion also showed the lowest absolute zeta (ζ)-potential value of near 30 mV. The Maillard interaction emulsifier system resulted in larger droplet sizes compared to the other two emulsifier systems. Small deformation oscillatory shear rheology assessment of the emulsion cream phases revealed an impact of the emulsifier system design at pH 4.5.

Herbicide Effects on Weed Control and Shoot Growth of Young Apple (Malus sylvestris) and Peach (Prunus persica) Trees

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester L. Foy ◽  
Susan B. Harrison ◽  
Harold L. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
One Year ◽  
Broadleaf Species ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Peach Trees

Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Virginia to evaluate the following herbicides: alachlor, diphenamid, diuron, metolachlor, napropamide, norflurazon, oryzalin, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, pendimethalin, and simazine. One experiment involved newly-transplanted apple trees; the others, three in apple and one in peach trees, involved one-year-old trees. Treatments were applied in the spring (mid-April to early-May). Control of annual weed species was excellent with several treatments. A broader spectrum of weeds was controlled in several instances when the preemergence herbicides were used in combinations. Perennial species, particularly broadleaf species and johnsongrass, were released when annual species were suppressed by the herbicides. A rye cover crop in nontreated plots suppressed the growth of weeds. New shoot growth of newly-transplanted apple trees was increased with 3 of 20 herbicide treatments and scion circumference was increased with 11 of 20 herbicide treatments compared to the nontreated control. Growth of one-year-old apple trees was not affected. Scion circumference of one-year-old peach trees was increased with 25 of 33 herbicide treatments.

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