The Emotional Attentional Blink as a Measure of Patriotism

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Aznar-Casanova ◽  
José M. Gavilán ◽  
Manuel Moreno Sánchez ◽  
Juan Haro
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Subjective Test ◽  
Implicit Processing ◽  
Skin Response ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Heart Rate Variance

Abstract This study aims to explore whether the implicit processing of emotional symbols related to patriotic feeling may exert some effects on attention. Here, we have conducted an experiment using two interrelated tasks. First, we use flags with different meanings to participants for measuring the strength of the emotional attentional blink (EAB) within a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm. Then, we use a “congruency judgments” subjective test, where we confront participants to judge the affinity between pairs of politician leaders and flags of different sign for community participants, while recording two physiological measures (Heart Rate Variance and Galvanic Skin Response) to evaluate the variations elicited by that confrontation. Results on the EAB task show a significant emotion induced blindness for emotional stimuli representing Catalan and Spanish patriotism (α = .05), while the effect does not appear for the stimulus representing neutral patriotism. The interaction “Flags x Patriotism” was significant, F(1, 51) = 4.62; p = .036; ηp2 = .083. Results on the second task show that measures derived from electrophysiological records are sensitive to patriotic feeling, both being complementary. In addition, by using measures of congruence, the “Leaders x Flags” interaction was significant, F(3.682, 125.204) = 53.55; p < .001; ηp2 = .612. Finally, a multiple linear regression model for each emotional inductor was verified for the Catalan case, using the EAB effect as criteria, R2Adjusted = .79; p < .001. Some theoretical and methodological aspects derived of this exploratory study are discussed.

scholarly journals Scoring Alternatives for Mental Speed Tests: Measurement Issues and Validity for Working Memory Capacity and the Attentional Blink Effect

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Schmitz ◽  
Dominik Rotter ◽  
Oliver Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Task Type ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
General Factor

Research suggests that the relation of mental speed with working memory capacity (WMC) depends on complexity and scoring methods of speed tasks and the type of task used to assess capacity limits in working memory. In the present study, we included conventional binding/updating measures of WMC as well as rapid serial visual presentation paradigms. The latter allowed for a computation of the attentional blink (AB) effect that was argued to measure capacity limitations at the encoding stage of working memory. Mental speed was assessed with a set of tasks and scored by diverse methods, including response time (RT) based scores, as well as ex-Gaussian and diffusion model parameterization. Relations of latent factors were investigated using structure equation modeling techniques. RT-based scores of mental speed yielded substantial correlations with WMC but only weak relations with the AB effect, while WMC and the AB magnitude were independent. The strength of the speed-WMC relation was shown to depend on task type. Additionally, the increase in predictive validity across RT quantiles changed across task types, suggesting that the worst performance rule (WPR) depends on task characteristics. In contrast to the latter, relations of speed with the AB effect did not change across RT quantiles. Relations of the model parameters were consistently found for the ex-Gaussian tau parameter and the diffusion model drift rate. However, depending on task type, other parameters showed plausible relations as well. The finding that characteristics of mental speed tasks determined the overall strength of relations with WMC, the occurrence of a WPR effect, and the specific pattern of relations of model parameters, implies that mental speed tasks are not exchangeable measurement tools. In spite of reflecting a general factor of mental speed, different speed tasks possess different requirements, supporting the notion of mental speed as a hierarchical construct.

scholarly journals Temporal variability predicts the magnitude of between-group attentional blink differences in developmental dyslexia: a meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A Badcock ◽  
Joanna C Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Temporal Position ◽  
Group Effect ◽  
The Difference

Background. Here we report on a meta-analysis of the attentional blink (AB) research focussed on specific reading impairment, commonly referred to as developmental dyslexia. The AB effect relates to a limitation in the allocation of attention over time and examined in a dual-target rapid serial visual presentation paradigm. When the second target appears in close temporal proximity to the first target, the second target is reported less accurately. Method. A Web of Science search with terms 'dyslexia attentional blink' returned 13 AB experiments (11 papers) conducted with developmental dyslexia (9 were included in this meta-analysis). The main pattern of performance was lower overall accuracy in groups of individuals with dyslexia relative to typically reading peers. That is, a between-group main effect. This meta-analysis examined the size of the between-group effect in relation to physical presentation characteristics, which differed between and within experiments. Results. Four noteworthy variables were related to the between group effect-size; fixation duration (positive relationship, R2 = .89, p <.01, n = 6), maximum temporal position of T2 (negative relationship, R2 = .46, p <.05, n = 9), the difference between the minimum and maximum temporal position of T2 (negative relationship, R2 = .53, p <.05, n = 9), and the stimulus onset asynchrony (negative relationship, R2 = .46, p <.05, n = 9). Discussion. These are discussed with respect to the preparation of task-set, temporal orienting, and speed of processing, recommending these as considerations for future research.

The Traces of Emotions

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-136
Author(s):  
Brian H. Bornstein ◽  
Jeffrey S. Neuschatz
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Emotional Displays ◽  
Skin Response ◽  
History Of

This chapter focuses on using suspects’ subtle emotional displays as an indication of their veracity. Münsterberg mentions several physiological indicators of an unconscious emotional reaction, such as changes in pulse, breathing, and galvanic skin response. The sorts of physiological measures described by Münsterberg foreshadow the polygraph, which relies on just such measures. The polygraph has been controversial since its inception and continues to be held in lower esteem by the scientific community than by law enforcement. The present chapter reviews psychological research on the polygraph as a lie detection tool. More specifically, it traces the history and uses of lie detectors, up to the most current methodologies. The chapter reviews the advantages and limitations of the various techniques used by polygraphers to establish the truth or deceptiveness of statements. Finally, the chapter discusses the history of the legal status of the polygraph.

Interruption of Late Visual Processing Causes an Attentional Blink

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 134-134
Author(s):  
A Ehrenstein ◽  
B G Breitmeyer ◽  
K K Pritchard ◽  
M Hiscock ◽  
J Crisan
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Backward Masking ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Display Location

When the task is to detect two letter targets in a stream of non-letter (digit) distractors in rapid serial visual presentation, an attentional blink (AB; ie a deficit in the detection of a second target when it follows the first by approximately 100 – 500 ms) is often found to occur. In a series of four experiments with different numbers of display positions, with or without masking, we show that: (1) the AB, which occurs when all items are presented at the same display location, is reduced when targets and distractors are presented randomly dispersed over 4 or 9 adjacent locations; (2) the AB is reduced with the spatially distributed presentation even when backward masks are used in all possible stimulus locations and when the location of the next item in the sequence is predictable; (3) the AB is not due to either a location-specific forward or backward masking effect occurring at early levels in visual processing. We conclude that the AB is primarily a function of the interruption of late visual processing produced when the item following the first target occurs at the same location. It seems that, in order for the AB to occur, the item following the first target must be presented at the same location as that target so that it can serve both as a distractor and as a mask interrupting or interfering with late visual processing.

Priming within the ‘Attentional Blink’ in an RSVP Task

Perception ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 26-26
Author(s):  
F K Chua ◽  
J Goh ◽  
G Kek
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Weak Form ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Lower Case Letter ◽  
Lower Case ◽  
Local Interference

Recent experiments (eg M M Chun and M C Potter, 1995 Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance21 109 – 127; J E Raymond, K L Shapiro, and K M Arnell, 1992 Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance18 849 – 860) with RSVP (rapid serial visual presentation) suggest that the attentional blink is caused by local interference. We present data from three RSVP experiments that provide further clues regarding the attentional blink. In experiment 1, subjects detected an ‘X’ and then identified a red letter; in experiment 2, subjects had to say whether the first red target was an ‘X’ and then identify a red letter. In experiment 3, subjects identified two red letters. We systematically varied the lag between the first and second targets. On half the trials, we also primed the second target by placing an identical letter in the lag one position (the position after the first target). In experiment 3, we also examined if the priming effect was semantic with a lower case letter. The first two experiments suggest that the priming effect is very short-lived and mainly sensory in nature. The priming effect disappears altogether if the first target is not present. More interestingly, we found that when subjects failed to detect the ‘X’, priming could still happen. The third experiment replicates and extends the results of the first two experiments. We also show that priming, albeit in a weak form, may still happen during the time when the attentional blink is supposed to occur. These results suggest that it is not an inhibition that causes the attentional blink and that sensory processing continues during the blink.

scholarly journals Neural dynamics of the attentional blink revealed by encoding orientation selectivity during rapid visual presentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew F. Tang ◽  
Lucy Ford ◽  
Ehsan Arabzadeh ◽  
James T. Enns ◽  
Troy A. W. Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Orientation Selectivity ◽  
Neural Dynamics

Modality-specific auditory and visual temporal processing deficits

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Soto-Faraco ◽  
Charles Spence
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Attentional Selection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Repetition Blindness ◽  
Presentation Procedure ◽  
Selection Stage ◽  
Lag 1 Sparing

We studied the attentional blink (AB) and the repetition blindness (RB) effects using an audio-visual presentation procedure designed to overcome several potential methodological confounds in previous cross-modal research. In Experiment 1, two target digits were embedded amongst letter distractors in two concurrent streams (one visual and the other auditory) presented from the same spatial location. Targets appeared in either modality unpredictably at different temporal lags, and the participants’ task was to recall the digits at the end of the trial. We evaluated both AB and RB for pairs of targets presented in either the same or different modalities. Under these conditions both AB and RB were observed in vision, AB but not RB was observed in audition, and there was no evidence of AB or RB cross-modally from audition to vision or vice versa. In Experiment 2, we further investigated the AB by including Lag 1 items and observed Lag 1 sparing, thus ruling out the possibility that the observed effects were due to perceptual and/or conceptual masking. Our results support a distinction between a modality-specific interference at the attentional selection stage and a modality-independent interference at later processing stages. They also provide a new dissociation between the AB and RB.

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