The Study of the Antisaccade Performance and Contingent Negative Variation Characteristics in First-Episode and Chronic Schizophrenia Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna V. Kirenskaya ◽  
Andrej A. Tkachenco ◽  
Vladimir Yu. Novototsky-Vlasov
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Contingent Negative Variation ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Latency Variability ◽  
Variation Characteristics ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Functional Deterioration

AbstractThe study tested whether the antisaccade (AS) performance and Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) measures differed between the first-episode and chronic patients to provide the evidence of PFC progressive functional deterioration. Subjects included 15 first-episode and 20 chronic schizophrenic patients (with the duration of illness more than 5 years), and 21 control subjects. The first-episode and chronic patients had significantly elevated error percent (p < .05, effect size 1.10 and p < .001, effect size 1.25), increased AS latencies (p < .01, effect size 1.18 and p < .001, effect size 1.69), and increased latencies variability (p < .01, effect size 1.52 and p < .001, effect size 1.37) compared to controls. Chronic patients had marginally significant increase of the response latency (p = .086, effect size .78) and latency variability (p < .099, effect size .63) compared to first-episode ones. Results of CNV analysis revealed that chronic patients only exhibited robustly declined frontal CNV amplitude at Fz (p < .05, effect size .70), F3 (p < .05, effect size .88), and F4 (p < .05, effect size .71) sites compared to controls. The obtained results might be related to specific changes in prefrontal cortex function over the course of schizophrenia.

Changes in the Positive and Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenic In-patients in China

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Phillips ◽  
Zuan Zhao ◽  
Xianzhang Xiong ◽  
Xiufang Cheng ◽  
Guirong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Positive Type ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

Positive and negative symptoms at admission and discharge of 401 unselected schizophrenic patients from four psychiatric hospitals around China were studied. On admission, 58% of patients had prominent negative symptoms and the overall severity of negative symptoms was similar to that of positive symptoms; at discharge, negative symptoms were more prevalent and more severe. The severity of negative symptoms was not significantly correlated with duration of illness or with dosage of medication; 48% of first-episode, drug-naive patients had prominent negative symptoms on admission. Negative symptoms responded to standard neuroleptic treatment, but the improvement was less marked than that in positive symptoms (47% v. 80%). The proportion of patients classified as positive type, negative type, and mixed type schizophrenia altered dramatically with treatment. These findings highlight the importance of negative symptoms in the assessment and treatment of both acute and chronic schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia with Good and Poor Outcome II: Cerebral Ventricular Size and its Clinical Significance

1985 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Williams ◽  
M. A. Reveley ◽  
T. Kolakowska ◽  
M. Ardern ◽  
B. M. Mandelbrote
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Deficit ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ventricular Size ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Brain Scans ◽  
Duration Of Illness

SummaryComputed tomography brain scans were carried out on 40 patients with schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorder of 2–20 years duration. Ventricular-brain ratio (VBR) was significantly greater than that of the control group. In six patients the VBR exceeded the control mean + 2 s.d. Among the 13 whose VBR was more than 1 s.d. above the control mean, none had schizo-affective disorder, all but one had chronic illness, and patients with negative symptoms and those with premorbid schizoid traits were over-represented. VBR was unrelated to medical history, age, duration of illness, or neuroleptic treatment. It was not associated with neurological ‘soft’ signs or cognitive deficit. Among chronic patients, clinical features showed no association with ventricular size. The findings suggest that large ventricles may be related to a sub-type of chronic schizophrenia rather than to its particular clinical features.

scholarly journals S81. METAMEMORY IMPAIRMENT ACROSS THE PSYCHOSIS TRAJECTORY: ASSOCIATIONS WITH SYMPTOM SEVERITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S65-S65
Author(s):  
Rashina Seabury ◽  
Carrie E Bearden ◽  
Joseph Ventura ◽  
Kenneth L Subotnik ◽  
Keith H Nuechterlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associative Memory ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Reality Testing

Abstract Background Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder characterized by a deficit in reality testing, most often manifest in the form of delusions and hallucinations. Because differentiating real from imagined experiences is critically dependent on episodic and associative memory, deficits in mnemonic processes could be involved in the genesis of impaired reality testing. Prior work has shown that individuals with psychosis exhibit impairment in metamemory, or, awareness and knowledge of one’s own memory and memory processes, and that these impairments may be relevant to the emergence and/or maintenance of psychotic symptoms. Methods In the present study, we used a verbal associative memory paradigm incorporating subject confidence ratings to examine differences in metamemory processes in three separate samples: patients with chronic schizophrenia (CHR; n = 34), patients with recent-onset (first-episode) psychosis (n = 49), and individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (n = 29) compared to control groups (n = 24, n = 26, and n = 22, respectively). We used an analysis of variance design to examine group differences in confidence gap and knowledge corruption between patients and controls. We further assessed the association of both of these metrics to symptom severity in each patient sample. Results We found that both chronic and first-episode patients displayed significantly decreased confidence gap compared to healthy controls, with patients being more confident in incorrect memory retrievals and less confident in correct memory retrievals as compared to healthy controls. Additionally, compared to healthy controls, chronic patients and first-episode patients showed significantly increased knowledge corruption (the proportion of confident incorrect memory retrievals compared to all confident retrievals). While there were no group differences in confidence gap and knowledge corruption between CHR subjects and healthy controls, decreased confidence gap was significantly correlated with positive symptom severity in CHR subjects, as well as in first-episode subjects. Discussion These findings suggest that underlying deficits in metamemory processes may possibly reflect mechanisms involved in the development and/or maintenance of disrupted reality testing in those with and at risk for psychosis.

The Initial Onset of Schizophrenia and Family Expressed Emotion

1989 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois Imber Mintz ◽  
Keith H. Nuechterlein ◽  
Michael J. Goldstein ◽  
Jim Mintz ◽  
Karen S. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Parental Report ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Best Estimate ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Initial Onset ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

The relationships between duration of schizophrenic illness before first hospital admission, expressed emotion in key relatives, and illness course have yielded conflicting reports. This study examined the issue from a methodological perspective in a sample of first-episode schizophrenic patients. A ‘best estimate’ of illness onset, based on a compilation of all sources, was compared with an estimate based on parental report. Parental estimates suggested that the children of high-EE parents had been ill for significantly longer, but this difference was not confirmed by the best estimate. In most cases, the ill children of high-EE parents were living at home before hospital admission and their parents' estimates of duration were quite accurate. In the few cases in which the child was living away from home, high-EE parents strikingly overestimated duration. Children of low-EE families were more likely to be living away from home, but this factor did not explain the consistent underestimates of duration made by their parents. Although duration of illness did not relate to EE, successful engagement in out-patient before in-patient treatment was more common among children from low-EE families.

Paranoid and Withdrawal Symptoms in Schizophrenia: Relationship to Reaction Time

1968 ◽  
Vol 114 (514) ◽  
pp. 1161-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon C. Goldberg ◽  
Nina R. Schooler ◽  
Nils Mattsson
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
General Measure ◽  
Performance Deficits ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenics ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

There is a large body of research that has established change in reaction time as one of the major psychological performance deficits in schizophrenia (Shakow, 1963). In addition to consistent differences between patients and normals, relationships have been reported (Rosenthal, Lawlor, Zahn and Shakow, 1960) between general severity of illness and reaction time within a group of chronic schizophrenics. More recently, Zahn and Rosenthal (1963) have shown that acute schizophrenics also perform deficiently in reaction time; they hold an intermediate position between normal subjects and chronic schizophrenic patients. Shakow (1963) reports that in some of the earlier work with chronic patients “paranoids” tended to show little, if any, reaction time deficit, but that it was the hebephrenic patients who performed poorly. Thus it seems unlikely that reaction time is a general measure of deficit in schizophrenia, since available evidence shows it to be related to chronicity (in terms of duration of illness), general severity of illness, and schizophrenic subtype. The deficit reflected in reaction time has been characterized by Shakow (1963) in terms of associative interference. That is, the schizophrenic is distracted by “irrelevant aspects of the stimulus surroundings—inner and outer—which prevent his focusing on the ‘to-be-responded-to’ stimulus”.

Neurobiological Correlates of Learning Potential in Healthy Subjects and in Schizophrenic Patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anya Pedersen ◽  
Karl H. Wiedl ◽  
Patricia Ohrmann
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Learning Potential ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Dynamic testing has increasingly been recognized as a measure of neurocognitive modifiability. For instance, executive function deficits as measured by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) can be ameliorated in a subgroup of schizophrenic patients by integrating instructions and feedback into the testing procedure. In the first study reported herein, we investigated the relation between learning typology on the WCST and chronicity in 60 first-episode patients and 44 patients with chronic schizophrenia. We found that nonretainer categorization of WCST performance is not related to chronic schizophrenia. In the second study, we investigated the relationship between learning potential on the WCST and cerebral metabolism, assessed by single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), in 43 schizophrenic patients and 37 matched healthy control subjects. The level of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), a marker of neuronal integrity, in the DLPFC correlated with performance on the dynamic WCST in healthy subjects. In schizophrenic patients, a significant correlation was observed between NAA in the ACC and learning potential (cf. Ohrmann et al., 2008). These data suggest the involvement of different neuronal networks in learning among schizophrenic patients as compared to healthy controls.

Aspects of metabolic changes in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenic patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 268-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marat G. Uzbekov ◽  
Eduard Misionzhnik ◽  
Isaak Gurovich ◽  
Alexander Shmukler ◽  
Tatjana Moskvitina
Keyword(s):  
Amine Oxidase ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
Biochemical Status ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Relationship Of

AimThe aim of the study was to investigate the state of parameters characterising different sites of metabolism and the degree of endogenous intoxication in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenic [first episode of schizophrenia (FES)] patients. It is hypothesised that the FES is the initial step in the development of pathologically disturbed biochemical status that is characteristic of chronic schizophrenia.MethodsPlatelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) and serum semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activities, serum concentrations of middle-mass endotoxic molecules (MMEM) and malondialdehyde and parameters of the serum albumin functional state were measured in 26 FES patients and 15 age-matched healthy controls.ResultsSeverity of disorder before the treatment was 75.5 ± 2.2, according to Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score. FES patients were characterised by significant increase in MAO activity (99%) and MMEM concentration (124%) and significant decrease in SSAO activity (26%) as compared with controls. Changes of all other parameters were insignificant. Regression analysis has showed a significant relationship of three parameters – MAO, SSAO and MMEM, with values of PANNS score. Two methods of extraction of factor analysis revealed that MAO and SSAO belonged to Factor 1, whereas MMEM and albumin functional parameters belonged to Factor 2.ConclusionComparing our earlier data on chronic schizophrenic patients with present data, we hypothesise that FES patients are at the stage that leads to a stable, pathological state of metabolism.

352. Thalamic volumes in first episode schizophrenic patients

2000 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. S106
Author(s):  
A. Gilbert ◽  
S. Spencer ◽  
I. Mankowski ◽  
M.R. Zeigler ◽  
D.M. Montrose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Episode ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients
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