Antecedents of Moral Pride: the Harder the Action, the Greater the Pride?

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itziar Etxebarria ◽  
M José Ortiz ◽  
Pedro Apodaca ◽  
Aitziber Pascual ◽  
Susana Conejero
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Personal Cost ◽  
Prior Intention

AbstractThe study’s aim was to analyze if some specific types of action generate higher levels of moral pride. Three variables were analyzed: whether the actions involved going against the group majority, whether they involved a personal cost of a different kind and whether they were the result of a prior intention. Participants were 160 adolescents aged between 14 and 16. Sixteen scenarios were designed (two for each combination of the three variables) in which someone needed help. Half of the participants were presented with 8 of these scenarios, and half with the other 8. In each scenario, participants were asked to state what they would feel and do and how much pride they would feel if they helped. Curiously enough, both prosocial behaviors which involved going against the majority, F(1, 140) = 60.36, p = .001, η2 = .301 and those which involved a personal cost of a different kind, F(1, 140) = 10.17, p = .002, η2 = .068 generated less moral pride.

Humanitarian Intervention as a Duty

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kok-Chor Tan
Keyword(s):  
Humanitarian Intervention ◽  
The Other ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Imperfect Duty ◽  
Humanitarian Emergencies ◽  
Personal Cost

Assuming an international commitment to intervene in severe and urgent humanitarian emergencies, as expressed by the doctrine ‘The Responsibility to Protect’, I discuss two objections that the duty to intervene is nonetheless a duty that is easily limited by other moral considerations. One objection is that this duty will exceed the reasonable limits of any obligation given the high personal cost of intervention. The other objection is that any duty to intervene will be an imperfect duty, and therefore not a duty that is ascribed to and demandable of any specific actor. I will argue that these objections do not undermine the principle of the responsibility to protect.

scholarly journals Emotional contexts influence toddlers’ prosocial strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 551-556
Author(s):  
Meghan Rose Donohue ◽  
Rebecca A. Williamson ◽  
Erin C. Tully
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Emotional Needs ◽  
Parent Distress ◽  
Specific Emotion ◽  
Prosocial Action

Prosocial behavior is a highly heterogeneous construct, and young children use distinct prosocial actions in response to differing emotional needs of another person. This study examined whether toddlers’ prosocial responses differed in response to two understudied emotional contexts—whether or not children caused a victim’s distress and the specific emotion expressed by the victim. Toddlers ( N = 86; M age = 35 months) and their parent participated in two separate mishap paradigms in which parents feigned pain and sadness, respectively. Half of the sample was led to believe they had transgressed to cause their parent’s distress, whereas the other half simply witnessed parent distress as bystanders. Results indicated that toddlers were overall equally prosocial when they were transgressors compared to when they were bystanders and significantly more prosocial in response to sadness than pain. Toddlers were significantly more likely to use affection as transgressors than bystanders, information seeking as bystanders than transgressors, and affection in response to pain than sadness. All children used greater helping in response to sadness than pain, and this was especially true when they were bystanders. Findings add to mounting evidence of the complexity of prosocial action in early childhood by identifying that two, distinct emotional contexts influence the amount and type of prosocial behaviors that toddlers use to help others.

How Does it Feel to Be Part of the Minority?: Impacts of Perspective Taking on Prosocial Behavio

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisol Rodríguez Chatruc ◽  
Sandra V. Rozo
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Online Game ◽  
Migration Process ◽  
Life Decisions

Can online experiences that illustrate the lives of vulnerable populations improve prosocial behaviors and reduce prejudice? We randomly assign 850 individuals to: i) an online game that immerses individuals in the life decisions of a Venezuelan migrant and ii) a documentary about the migration process of Venezuelans to Colombia. Both treatments effectively improve altruism and reduce prejudice towards migrants. The impacts of both treatments are not statistically different in any of the other outcomes that we examine. The effects of the game are mainly driven by changes in perspective-taking while the effects of the video are induced by changes in both empathy and perspective-taking.

Experiencing organ failure in virtual reality: Effects of self- versus other-embodied perspective taking on empathy and prosocial outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 2144-2166
Author(s):  
Benjamin J Li ◽  
Hye Kyung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Kidney Donation ◽  
Personal Distress ◽  
Unique Capability

This study capitalizes on the unique capability of virtual reality (VR) to examine the efficacy of self- versus other-embodied perspective taking in promoting kidney donation in Singapore. The study used a 2 (self- vs other-embodied) × 2 (mirror vs photo presentation) between-subjects VR experiment ( N = 128), wherein participants played the role of a patient needing a kidney donation, either as themselves or as a typical organ-failure patient. Our findings showed that self-embodied perspective taking triggered self-oriented emotions (i.e. personal distress) and subsequently egoistic motivations that resulted in alternative prosocial behaviors (e.g. monetary donation, volunteering) than kidney donation. We found that embodying the other, rather than the self, had the practical benefit of inducing other-oriented emotions (i.e. empathy) and hence altruistic motivations that promoted kidney donation. This study clarified the conditions under which embodied perspective taking promoted different prosocial outcomes, and the specific mechanisms through which it achieved those outcomes.

YOUNG CHILDREN'S THEORIES OF MIND ABOUT EMPATHIC AND SELFISH MOTIVES

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey J. Ginsburg ◽  
Shirley M. Ogletree ◽  
Tammy D. Silakowski ◽  
Roger D. Bartels ◽  
Shannon L. Burk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Theories Of Mind ◽  
Alarm Sound

Young children's prosocial behaviors may be motivated by empathy. Forty-one 36–66 month-old children were actively involved with a pipe cleaner figurine play scenario. One figurine appeared distressed at an alarm sound. The other figurines simultaneously terminated the alarm, expressing either empathic or selfish motives. Twenty-four participants (58.5%) correctly pointed at the empathic and selfish figurines, and correctly restated their motives. Of these, 50% (12) consistently predicted empathic or selfish figurines' motives and actions in 3 other situations. Linear regression analyses indicated children’s theories of mind about others' selfish and empathic motives predicted preferences for snack sharing with the empathic figurine (R2 = .690, p < .001) and empathically helping a friend in distress (R2 = .702, p < .001).

Voices of the unsung: The role of social presence and interactivity in building empathy in 360 video

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 2230-2254
Author(s):  
Daniel Pimentel ◽  
Sri Kalyanaraman ◽  
Yu-Hao Lee ◽  
Shiva Halan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Empathic Concern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Media Content ◽  
The Social ◽  
Perceived Interactivity ◽  
Degree Of Control

360 video is considered an “empathy machine,” in part because it places audiences in the perspective of the other. Despite its popularity, its influence on empathy is not fully understood. Two possible mechanisms driving empathy within 360 video are social presence (sense of being with others) and interactivity (degree of control over media content). To elucidate how 360 videos can encourage empathic outcomes through these factors, a 2 (social presence: high/low) × 2 (interactivity: high/low) between-subjects experiment ( N = 110) was conducted testing 360 videos about Alaskan climate change refugees. Results demonstrate that social presence contributes to prosocial behaviors (donations) through empathic concern, an effect augmented by interactivity. Unexpectedly, the social presence manipulation also contributed to greater perceived interactivity. Collectively, results are promising and elucidate the role of social presence and interactivity in immersive storytelling.

scholarly journals WHISTLEBLOWING DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI NIAT MELAKSANAKANNYA OLEH APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Rohmaida Lestari ◽  
Rizal Yaya
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Climate ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Personal Cost ◽  
Internal Locus Of Control ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Ministry Of Finance

This research aims at examining determinants of whistleblowing intentions by civil servants. The subject of this research is civil servants who work at the Ministry of Finance in Yogyakarta Regional Office whom 79 were selected based on convenience sampling method. Data were collected through questionnaire survey during October-November 2016. Based on multiple regression analysis, the result shows that personal cost and fraud seriousness are significant in influencing whistleblowing intentions by the civil servants. On the other hand ethical climate-egoism, ethical climate-benevolence, ethical climate-principle, internal locus of control and organizational commitment are not significant.

The Twin Relationship Questionnaire

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hila Segal ◽  
Ariel Knafo-Noam
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Principal Component Analyses

Abstract. Twins’ relationships evoke critical dilemmas for parents and teachers regarding raising and educating their twins. The current study provides comprehensive psychometric information about the Twin Relationship Questionnaire (TRQ; Fortuna, Goldner, & Knafo, 2010 ) as examined in nine samples, using mothers’ and fathers’ reports on 1,560 pairs of twins, tested in five measurement points from age 3 to age 9. On half of the subsamples, we conducted principal component analyses (PCA), whereas on the other subsamples, we conducted confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). Five factors were found in the PCA and confirmed by the CFA: conflict, closeness, dependence, dominance, and rivalry. All scales showed adequate internal consistencies and corrected item-total correlations. Correlation matrixes between scales demonstrate a triad of conflict, rivalry, and dominance scales, as opposed to the dyad of closeness and dependence. As evidence for the TRQ’s reliability and validity, we report the degree of agreement between mothers and fathers, the 10-month stability of mothers’ reports, and the associations of the TRQ subscales with experimentally assessed prosocial behaviors between the twins at age 6.5, and with the twins’ reports on their closeness at age 11. The replication of the findings across ages and raters reinforces the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.

Effects of Developing Alternative Responses on the Aggressive Behavior of Adolescents

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis R. Knapczyk
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Small Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Behavioral Rehearsal ◽  
Alternative Responses ◽  
The Relationship

Two studies investigated the relationship between antecedent events and aggressive behavior of adolescents in school and home settings. Antecedent events were examined to identify conditions contributing to aggressive acts and to indicate alternative responses to the acts. Videotaped samples of social situations were shown to the subjects and used to provide opportunities for modeling and behavioral rehearsal of alternative responses. In one study, treatment was conducted in individual sessions, and in the other, treatment was conducted in a small group arrangement. Results indicate that when the adolescents substituted alternative responses for aggressive acts, decreases occurred in the frequency of aggressive behavior and antecedent events associated with the behavior. Concomitant increases in antecedent events conducive to prosocial behaviors were also noted.

Stromatoporoids from the Famennian (Devonian) Wabamun Formation, Normandville oilfield, north–central Alberta, Canada

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (03) ◽  
pp. 411-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin W. Stearn
Keyword(s):  
Patch Reef ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
North Central ◽  
Biotic Crisis

Stromatoporoids are the principal framebuilding organisms in the patch reef that is part of the reservoir of the Normandville field. The reef is 10 m thick and 1.5 km2in area and demonstrates that stromatoporoids retained their ability to build reefal edifices into Famennian time despite the biotic crisis at the close of Frasnian time. The fauna is dominated by labechiids but includes three non-labechiid species. The most abundant species isStylostroma sinense(Dong) butLabechia palliseriStearn is also common. Both these species are highly variable and are described in terms of multiple phases that occur in a single skeleton. The other species described areClathrostromacf.C. jukkenseYavorsky,Gerronostromasp. (a columnar species), andStromatoporasp. The fauna belongs in Famennian/Strunian assemblage 2 as defined by Stearn et al. (1988).

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