Changes in the gene expression of progesterone receptor and prolactin receptor in sow mammary gland between late gestation and lactation

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 179-179
Author(s):  
H. M. Miller ◽  
W. T. Dixon ◽  
G. R. Foxcroft ◽  
F. X. Aherne
Keyword(s):  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Receptor Mrna

Lactogenesis is triggered by a rapid decline in plasma progesterone concentration combined with a peak in plasma prolactin concentration; in mice, there is a concurrent loss of mammary progesterone receptors (Haslam and Shyamala, 1980). The aims of this experiment were to determine the pattern of change of progesterone receptor and prolactin receptor mRNA during late gestation and early lactation and to determine whether abundance of mRNA for the two receptors are related to each other, to plasma concentrations of progesterone and prolactin or to piglet performance.

Changes in the gene expression of progesterone receptor and prolactin receptor in sow mammary gland between late gestation and lactation

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 179-179
Author(s):  
H. M. Miller ◽  
W. T. Dixon ◽  
G. R. Foxcroft ◽  
F. X. Aherne
Keyword(s):  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Receptor Mrna

Lactogenesis is triggered by a rapid decline in plasma progesterone concentration combined with a peak in plasma prolactin concentration; in mice, there is a concurrent loss of mammary progesterone receptors (Haslam and Shyamala, 1980). The aims of this experiment were to determine the pattern of change of progesterone receptor and prolactin receptor mRNA during late gestation and early lactation and to determine whether abundance of mRNA for the two receptors are related to each other, to plasma concentrations of progesterone and prolactin or to piglet performance.

EFFECT OF LOW ZINC INTAKE DURING PREGNANCY ON PLASMA PROLACTIN, PROGESTERONE, PROSTAGLANDIN, CORTISOL AND PROTEIN CONCENTRATIONS OF EWES DURING THE PERIPARTURIENT PERIOD

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. FITZGERALD ◽  
G. A. EVERETT ◽  
J. APGAR
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Zinc Intake ◽  
Periparturient Period ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pregnant Ewe

The effect of low dietary Zn intake upon several plasma endocrine and metabolic profiles was examined during late gestation in the ewe. Thirty adult, primiparous Finncross ewes were fed a low Zn diet with (+Zn, n = 14) or without (0Zn, n = 16) supplemental Zn in the drinking water starting day 1 of pregnancy. Although the mean prepartum progesterone and prolactin concentrations were lower (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) in 0Zn than in +Zn ewes, the peak prolactin concentrations in 0Zn ewes at lambing were similar to +Zn ewes. Both basal and thyrotropin-releasing-hormone (TRH)-induced prolactin release were less (P < 0.01) in 0Zn ewes 2 d postpartum. Plasma concentrations of 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F2α (PGFM) of ewes sampled within 45 min post-lambing were lower (P < 0.05) in 0Zn ewes. There was no difference in cortisol concentrations within 45 min after lambing between 0Zn and + Zn ewes. Plasma protein concentrations in 0Zn ewes were higher (P < 0.01) than those in +Zn ewes during pregnancy. In summary, these data show that low Zn intake in the pregnant ewe affected several endocrine and metabolic plasma parameters associated with normal pregnancy and parturition. Key words: Zinc, parturition, dystocia, feed intake, ovine

PLASMA PROLACTIN AND PROGESTERONE RESPONSES TO MATING ARE ALTERED IN AGED RATS

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. HENDRICKS ◽  
C. A. BLAKE
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The effects of varying amounts of copulatory stimulation on patterns of plasma concentrations of prolactin and progesterone were evaluated in 3- and 12-month-old female rats. The 12-month-old group included rats which still exhibited oestrous cycles and rats in persistent vaginal oestrus (PVO). The extent of copulatory stimulation was defined by the number of intromissions received during mating: ≤5,15 or > 50. Blood samples were drawn over the 8 days after mating through a cannula inserted into the right external jugular vein. Plasma from the samples was assayed for prolactin and progesterone. In aged but still cyclic rats, pregnancy rates were positively correlated with the number of intromissions received during mating. Only one rat in PVO became pregnant. All animals which became pregnant and rats in PVO which, after mating, exhibited a disruption of the pattern of PVO, showed the nocturnal surge of plasma prolactin characteristic of pregnant and pseudopregnant rats. While these surges persisted until day 8 after mating in pregnant animals, they were absent by this time in the rats in PVO. Prolactin surges were present in some but not all of the aged rats which did not become pregnant. Progesterone concentrations were raised in all pregnant animals except the one pregnant rat in PVO and, while not related to the number of intromissions, concentrations were higher 8 days after mating in young compared with those in aged pregnant rats. Plasma progesterone was low in rats in PVO regardless of disruption of the pattern of PVO. We have concluded that the failure of limited copulatory stimulation to induce pregnancy in older rats results, at least in part, from its failure to initiate nocturnal prolactin surges. Nevertheless, our data suggest that matings which are not experimentally limited should provide ample stimulation to establish such surges. Although reduced plasma concentrations of prolactin and progesterone at pro-oestrus and reduced plasma progesterone through part of gestation may contribute to decreasing fertility in aged rats, other unidentified factors appear to be involved in mediating the capacity of extensive copulatory stimulation to induce pregnancy in these animals.

Effect of alteration of maternal plasma progesterone concentrations on fetal behavioural state during late gestation

1997 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B Nicol ◽  
J J Hirst ◽  
D Walker ◽  
G D Thorburn
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Progesterone Synthesis ◽  
Progesterone Metabolites ◽  
Vascular Catheters

Placental progesterone synthesis exposes the fetus to high levels of progesterone and progesterone metabolites during late gestation which may influence fetal behaviour. To determine the role of maternal progesterone synthesis in the control of fetal arousal state and fetal breathing movements (FBM), the effect of raising and lowering maternal progesterone concentrations was examined in chronically catheterised fetal sheep. Fetal and maternal vascular catheters, fetal tracheal and amniotic fluid catheters as well as electrodes for recording fetal electrocortical (ECoG), electro-ocular (EOG) and nuchal muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity were implanted between 118 and 122 days gestational age (GA). Progesterone, 100 mg, administered twice daily i.m. for 3 days (130–133 days GA) resulted in a marked elevation in maternal plasma progesterone concentrations (370 ± 121%, n=5, P<0·05), but had no effect on fetal plasma concentrations. Fetal EOG episodes and the duration of fetal behavioural arousal were significantly suppressed throughout the progesterone treatment period (74·4–81·1% and 58–65% respectively, P<0·05, n=5). Four ewes received Trilostane (25 mg i.v.), a 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor, between 136 and 140 days GA. Maternal and fetal progesterone concentrations were significantly lowered by 60 min after treatment (19·8 ± 8·0% and 39·5 ± 24·3% respectively, P<0·05). The incidence of fetal EOG activity increased from a pretreatment level of 26·8 ± 1·5 min/h to 30·3 ± 2·8 min/h at 1–6 h and to 35·0 ± 1·7 min/h (P<0·05) during the 7–12 h after Trilostane treatment. The duration of FBM episodes was significantly higher at 1–6 h and 7–12 h after Trilostane treatment (19·5 ± 3·0 and 23·6 ± 5·5 min/h respectively, P<0·05) compared with pretreatment levels (11·2 ± 1·2 min/h). We conclude that increasing maternal progesterone levels suppresses fetal EOG activity and behavioural arousal, whereas reducing maternal progesterone synthesis leads to an elevation of EOG activity and FBM. Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 152, 379–386

Effect of nutrition on endometrial progesterone receptor expression in ewes

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 81-81
Author(s):  
J.A. Abecia ◽  
C. Sosa ◽  
J.M. Lozano ◽  
C. Viñoles ◽  
F. Forcada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Progesterone Receptor Expression ◽  
Endometrial Cell ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Uterine Environment

It has been postulated that undernourishment could affect embryo survival through changes in the uterine environment (Abecia et al., 1995). Moreover, we have shown that undernourished ewes had higher plasma progesterone (P4) concentrations and a lower endometrial content of P4 (Lozano et al., 1998), suggesting that this lower endometrial content could be due to a decrease in the content of endometrial progesterone receptors (PR). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low and high levels of food intake on PR in different endometrial cell types.

Intrauterine injection of ovine interferon-τ alters oestrogen receptor and oxytocin receptor expression in the endometrium of cyclic ewes

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
T E Spencer ◽  
N H Ing ◽  
T L Ott ◽  
J S Mayes ◽  
W C Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Oestrogen Receptor ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Glandular Epithelium ◽  
Receptor Density ◽  
Receptor Mrna ◽  
Prostaglandin F

ABSTRACT This study determined the effects of intrauterine injections of recombinant ovine interferon-τ (roIFN-τ; 2 × 107 antiviral units/day) or control proteins (6 mg/day) from day 11 to day 14 post-oestrus (oestrus=day 0) on endometrial expression of receptors for oestrogen, progesterone and oxytocin in cyclic ewes. Plasma concentrations of progesterone were greater on day 15 in ewes receiving roIFN-τ compared with control proteins (P<0·02, treatment × day). Ewes injected with roIFN-τ had lower endometrial levels of oestrogen receptor mRNA (P<0·10) and protein (P<0·01) on day 15 compared with ewes receiving control proteins. In situ hybridization analysis indicated that oestrogen receptor mRNA was more abundant in the luminal and glandular epithelium of control ewes compared with roIFN-τ-treated ewes. Immunoreactive oestrogen receptor was also present in the luminal and glandular epithelium of control, but not roIFN-τ-treated ewes. Endometrial levels of progesterone receptor mRNA and protein were not different (P>0·10) between control and roIFN-τ-treated ewes. In situ hybridization analyses indicated that progesterone receptor mRNA abundance was low in endometrial epithelium and stroma of both control and roIFN-τ-injected ewes. Immunoreactive progesterone receptors were present in the endometrial stroma and epithelium of control ewes, but confined to the stroma of roIFN-τ-treated ewes. Oxytocin receptor density was lower (P<0·10) in the endometrium of ewes injected with roIFN-τ than control proteins; however, oxytocin receptor affinity was not affected (P>0·10) by treatment. Concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2α (PGFM) were not increased by exogenous oxytocin administration in control and roIFN-τ-treated ewes on days 10 or 12 post-oestrus. However, on day 14, control ewes responded to oxytocin with increased plasma concentrations of PGFM, whereas ewes receiving roIFN-τ remained unresponsive to oxytocin. These results indicate that the antiluteolytic effects of IFN-τ are to prevent increases in endometrial oestrogen receptor mRNA and protein and oxytocin receptor density which abrogates uterine release of prostaglandin F2α during maternal recognition of pregnancy. IFN-τ may inhibit the synthesis of oestrogen receptor mRNA by a transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism to suppress oxytocin receptor formation during early pregnancy in ewes.

scholarly journals Prostaglandin F2a-Induced Prolactin Release and Luteolysis in the Goat

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR McMahon ◽  
RP Shearman ◽  
DA Shutt ◽  
I D Smith
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Transient Effect ◽  
Prolactin Release ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Prostaglandin F2a

Injection of prostaglandin F2? (PGF2 .) initiated a significant increase in plasma prolactin levels in all goats except those in anoestrus. Luteolysis occurred in non-pregnant goats during the mid luteal phase when the goats were given PGF2? either with Or without the suppression of prolactin release by bromocryptine (CB154). Luteolysis and subsequent parturition also occurred in pregnant goats in mid and late gestation after PGF2? injection, with an associated release of prolactin and decrease in plasma progesterone. Acute prolactin release in response to injection of thyrotrophin releasing factor may have had a transient effect on plasma progesterone levels, but did not appear to be luteolytic in either pregnant or non-pregnant goats.

Effects of melatonin and a dopamine agonist and antagonist on seasonal changes in voluntary intake, reproductive activity and plasma concentrations of prolactin and tri-iodothyronine in red deer hinds

1990 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Milne ◽  
A. S. I. Loudon ◽  
A. M. Sibbald ◽  
J. D. Curlewis ◽  
A. S. McNeilly
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Agonist ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Dopamine Antagonist ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Three experiments were conducted in the period between July and November with non-lactating red deer hinds to describe the effects of treatment with melatonin during this period on voluntary food intake (VFI), the onset of the breeding season, coat changes and plasma concentrations of prolactin and tri-iodothyronine (T3), and to examine whether prolactin mediated the observed effects. In experiment 1, eight animals were treated orally each day with either 10 mg melatonin at 16.00 h or 10 mg melatonin at 16.00 h plus 10 mg domperidone (a dopamine antagonist) given twice daily for 120 days from July; eight animals were maintained as controls. In experiment 2, the same numbers of animals per treatment were used to compare treatments in which 10 mg melatonin or 20 mg bromocriptine (a dopamine agonist) were given orally each day at 16.00 h for 119 days from late June and compared with an untreated control group. In experiment 3, six animals were treated daily for 105 days from mid August with 5 mg domperidone given i.m. and compared with six control animals. In experiments 1 and 2, the VFI of control animals reached a peak in late August and thereafter declined. Melatonin-treated animals showed a similar pattern but the peak in VFI was significantly (P<0·05) advanced by 2 weeks compared with controls, although the VFIs of both groups were similar in November. The mean date of onset of the breeding season of the melatonin-treated animals was advanced significantly (P < 0·05) by 23 days in both experiments and the coats of these animals had less undercoat and were pale coloured and patchy compared with the controls. The changes in VFI, coat and the onset of the breeding season were associated with the rapid decline in plasma prolactin concentration after the start of the melatonin treatment and significantly (P<0·01) lower plasma T3 concentrations than those of control animals. In experiments 1 and 3, plasma prolactin concentrations in animals treated with domperidone were higher than those of controls for periods of 2–3 weeks. These short-term increases in plasma prolactin concentration were not associated with changes in VFI, coat or onset of the breeding season compared with controls. In experiment 2, the pattern of decline in plasma prolactin concentrations was the same in bromocriptine-treated animals as in the melatonin-treated animals; plasma T3 concentrations were also similar in the two groups. The pattern of change in VFI over time in bromocriptine-treated animals was significantly (P<0·05) different from that of melatonin-treated animals and there was also a reduced amount and length of winter coat in the bromocriptine-treated animals. The mean date of onset of the breeding season in bromocriptine-treated animals was not significantly different from that of controls. It was concluded that a reduction in plasma prolactin concentration induced by bromocriptine produced different effects from that induced by melatonin treatment and that the effects of melatonin are unlikely to be induced through changes in contemporary plasma prolactin concentrations. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 125, 241–249

Effects of lactation and season on plasma prolactin concentrations and response to bromocriptine during lactation in the Bennett's wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus)

1986 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Curlewis ◽  
A. S. White ◽  
A. S. I. Loudon ◽  
A. S. McNeilly
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Dopamine Antagonist ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Embryonic Diapause ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Two Stages

ABSTRACT Prolactin concentration was measured in plasma collected each week for 13 months from lactating and non-lactating Bennett's wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus). In non-lactating animals, prolactin concentrations decreased towards the end of the study but such changes did not appear to fit a seasonal pattern. Prolactin concentrations were low during early lactation and at a similar level to non-lactating animals, increased significantly during late pouch life (February–May), and then returned to non-lactating levels at a time coincident with permanent exit of the joey from the pouch. Temporary removal of joeys from their mothers in April was followed by a rapid decline in prolactin concentrations which remained low for 24 h until the joey was returned to its mother, whereupon prolactin concentrations increased significantly within 2 h. The effect of a single injection of bromocriptine (5 mg/kg) on lactation, embryonic diapause and plasma prolactin concentrations was examined at two stages of lactation. In November (lactational diapause), bromocriptine had no effect on prolactin concentrations but two out of four suckling joeys died on days 13 and 14 after treatment, and three out of four females gave birth on days 27, 27 and 28. Bromocriptine treatment in April (seasonal diapause) was followed by a significant reduction in prolactin concentrations and reduced growth rate of joeys belonging to treated females. New births were not observed. In view of the effect of bromocriptine on plasma prolactin concentrations in late lactation and the demonstration that domperidone (a dopamine antagonist) significantly increases plasma prolactin concentrations, it would seem that dopamine can act as a prolactin inhibitory hormone in this as in other mammalian species. J. Endocr. (1986) 110, 59–66

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