scholarly journals AVICENNA ON GRASPING MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-126
Author(s):  
Mohammad Saleh Zarepour

AbstractAccording to Avicenna, some of the objects of mathematics exist and some do not. Every existing mathematical object is a non-sensible connotational attribute of a physical object and can be perceived by the faculty of estimation. Non-existing mathematical objects can be represented and perceived by the faculty of imagination through separating and combining parts of the images of existing mathematical objects that are previously perceived by estimation. In any case, even non-existing mathematical objects should be considered as properties of material entities. They can never be grasped as fully immaterial entities. Avicenna believes that we cannot grasp any mathematical concepts unless we first have some specific perceptual experiences. It is only through the ineliminable and irreplaceable operation of the faculties of estimation and imagination upon some sensible data that we can grasp mathematical concepts. This shows that Avicenna endorses some sort of concept empiricism about mathematics.

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-86
Author(s):  
Semjon F. Adlaj ◽  
◽  
Sergey N. Pozdniakov ◽  

This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the results of the ReMath project (Representing Mathematics with digital media), devoted to the study of digital representations of mathematical concepts. The theoretical provisions and conclusions of this project will be analyzed based on the theory of the information environment [1], developed with the participation of one of the authors of this article. The analysis performed in this work partially coincides with the conclusions of the ReMath project, but uses a different research basis, based mainly on the work of Russian scientists. It is of interest to analyze the work of the ReMath project from the conceptual positions set forth in this monograph and to establish links between concepts and differences in understanding the impact of computer tools (artifacts) on the process of teaching mathematics. At the same time, the authors dispute the interpretation of some issues in Vygotsky’s works by foreign researchers and give their views on the types and functions of digital artifacts in teaching mathematics.


1981 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
Okan Gurel

A new concept of a mathematical object of zero dimension, an exploded point, is introduced. The dimension used is defined on the basis of the functional characteristics of the system, thus it may be referred to as f-dimension. A stability index is also defined for the mathematical objects including exploded points, which can be related to the f-dimension. It is shown that the mathematical object exhibited by the Lorenz system after the second bifurcation is such a point. A recursive formula based on the definition of the exploded point


Author(s):  
Per Martin-Löf

The theory of types with which we shall be concerned is intended to be a full scale system for formalizing intuitionistic mathematics as developed, for example, in the book by Bishop 1967. The language of the theory is richer than the language of first order predicate logic. This makes it possible to strengthen the axioms for existence and disjunction. In the case of existence, the possibility of strengthening the usual elimination rule seems first to have been indicated by Howard 1969, whose proposed axioms are special cases of the existential elimination rule of the present theory. Furthermore, there is a reflection principle which links the generation of objects and types and plays somewhat the same role for the present theory as does the replacement axiom for Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. An earlier, not yet conclusive, attempt at formulating a theory of this kind was made by Scott 1970. Also related, although less closely, are the type and logic free theories of constructions of Kreisel 1962 and 1965 and Goodman 1970. In its first version, the present theory was based on the strongly impredicative axiom that there is a type of all types whatsoever, which is at the same time a type and an object of that type. This axiom had to be abandoned, however, after it was shown to lead to a contradiction by Jean Yves Girard. I am very grateful to him for showing me his paradox. The change that it necessitated is so drastic that my theory no longer contains intuitionistic simple type theory as it originally did. Instead, its proof theoretic strength should be close to that of predicative analysis. Mathematical objects and their types. We shall think of mathematical objects or constructions. Every mathematical object is of a certain kind or type. Better, a mathematical object is always given together with its type, that is, it is not just an object, it is an object of a certain type.


Kybernetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Usó Doménech ◽  
Josué Antonio Nescolarde-Selva ◽  
Hugh Gash

Purpose Categories (particular (P) and general (V)) constitute a bipole with epistemological implications. The mutual categorical implication of this bipole is embodied in ordinary notions. It follows that a concept because it forms an element of concrete, sensible-rational, practical-theoretical activity has to unite the two inseparable poles, the general and the particular. If the concept of a physical quantity is abstract in relation to the physical object, it is concrete in comparison with mathematical quantity. This product of a secondary abstraction covers the background of physical qualities to extract the pure number, legitimately named abstract number. Both kinds of numbers are mutually exclusive: either the numbers are attached to a unit name and the number is concrete or nothing is attached and the number is abstract. However, in addition to their coordination in extension, they involve each other in comprehension: in fact, the pure number is the general pole V and concrete numbers form the particular pole of the dialectical concept of number K. The purpose of this paper is to provide a model for epistemological issues that arise in the context of meaning, concepts and use of words. Design/methodology/approach A dialectical theory of the binomial comprehension-extension of mathematical magnitudes. Findings The findings provide an objection to the traditional deductive order being also true in mathematics, and also that the reverse order cannot be considered as characteristic of mathematics, but show dialectic as universal. This opens the way to the special scientific deduction (mathematical, physical, biological, etc). going from the general to individual. Originality/value The structure of the mathematical concepts is elaborated.


Author(s):  
Larisa Sergeeva ◽  
Alina Ledovaya

The article is devoted to setting forth of the urgent problem of the cultural development of mathematical speech of future teachers. The article shows the study of mathematical concepts by students taking into account specialized language of the mathematics as one of the aspects of this problem. The proposed method of development of mathematical speech is based on the constructed hierarchy of mathematical concepts consideration the specifics of mathematical objects’ nature and characteristics of the used mathematical language. The conducted research allowed to establish the influence of the created active studying for developing students' methodological speech, cognitive motives, interest in future professional activity.


2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
Erhan Selcuk Haciomeroglu ◽  
Leslie Aspinwall ◽  
Norma C. Presmeg

A frequent message in mathematics education focuses on the benefits of multiple representations of mathematical concepts (Aspinwall and Shaw 2002). The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, for instance, claims that “different representations support different ways of thinking about and manipulating mathematical objects” (NCTM 2000, p. 360). A recommendation conveyed in the ongoing calculus reform movement is that students should use multiple representations and make connections among them so that they can develop deeper and more robust understanding of the concepts.


Author(s):  
Henk Barendregt ◽  
Freek Wiedijk

Progress in the foundations of mathematics has made it possible to formulate all thinkable mathematical concepts, algorithms and proofs in one language and in an impeccable way. This is not in spite of, but partially based on the famous results of Gödel and Turing. In this way statements are about mathematical objects and algorithms, proofs show the correctness of statements and computations, and computations are dealing with objects and proofs. Interactive computer systems for a full integration of defining, computing and proving are based on this. The human defines concepts, constructs algorithms and provides proofs, while the machine checks that the definitions are well formed and the proofs and computations are correct. Results formalized so far demonstrate the feasibility of this ‘computer mathematics’. Also there are very good applications. The challenge is to make the systems more mathematician-friendly, by building libraries and tools. The eventual goal is to help humans to learn, develop, communicate, referee and apply mathematics.


2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-397
Author(s):  
Benjamin Wilck

Abstract Relying upon a very close reading of all of the definitions given in Euclid’s Elements, I argue that this mathematical treatise contains a philosophical treatment of mathematical objects. Specifically, I show that Euclid draws elaborate metaphysical distinctions between (i) substances and non-substantial attributes of substances, (ii) different kinds of substance, and (iii) different kinds of non-substance. While the general metaphysical theory adopted in the Elements resembles that of Aristotle in many respects, Euclid does not employ Aristotle’s terminology, or indeed, any philosophical terminology at all. Instead, Euclid systematically uses different types of definition to distinguish between metaphysically different kinds of mathematical object.


2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Jiménez Espinosa

Aunque en las últimas dos décadas la situación tiende a cambiar, históricamente se ha tenido la creencia de que para enseñar matemáticas sólo se requiere el buen dominio de los temas, sin tener en cuenta que implícitamente hay una actitud frente a la clase, esta actitud del profesor se refleja en las actividades que desarrollan los estudiantes, de acuerdo con lo que él crea que es esta disciplina y con los fines que persiga su enseñanza, es decir, saber buena matemática es una condición necesaria, pero no suficiente para enseñarla. La actuación del profesor frente a sus estudiantes –la mayoría de las veces implícita e inconsciente– determina en gran medida el progreso de ellos, los resultados en sus aprendizajes y el gusto o la aversión por la matemática. Así las cosas, el problema no es solo cuánta matemática se sabe, ni cuál es la mejor forma de enseñarla, sino tener suficiente claridad sobre qué es realmente la matemática (Hersh, 1986). Tradicionalmente se han manejado dos formas básicas de concebir los conceptos matemáticos: como entes abstractos o como entes que tienen relación con el mundo y con el entorno en que se vive, a lo largo de la historia de la matemática, diversas escuelas filosóficas han estudiado estas dos formas de ver los objetos matemáticos, como el platonismo, el idealismo, el racionalismo, el logicismo, el empirismo, el constructivismo, el formalismo y, últimamente, el enfoque socio-cultural. De esta forma, el objetivo de este artículo es examinar algunas de estas posturas filosóficas sobre la naturaleza de la matemática, su incidencia en el salón de clase y en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes, y generar reflexión entre los docentes del área, conducente a hacer una matemática más agradable y significativa para los niños y jóvenes. Palabras clave: naturaleza de la matemática, objeto matemático, enseñanza, aprendizaje. Abstract Even if in the last two decades the situation tends to change, the history of mathematical education shows that, it has had the belief that to be a maths teacher, one only needs a good command of its topics, without having in mind that one has an attitude in front of the class. The teacher’s attitude is reflected in the activities that the students develop, according how he perceives the subject and the objectives pursued by his teachings. In other words, a good  mathematics knowledge is a necessary condition, but not sufficient to teach it. The teacher’s performance in front of his students -most of the time implicit and unconscious- determines a great part of the students progress, the results in their learning and their like or dislike of the subject. Therefore, ‘the problem is not only how much mathematics knowledge one has, nor which is the best way to teach it, but to have sufficient clarity of what mathematics is truly about’ (Hersh, 1986). Traditionally, there have been two basic forms of conceiving mathematical concepts: As abstract entities or as entities related to the world and the environment in which we live. Through the history of maths, diverse philosophical schools have studied these two forms of viewing mathematical notions: As abstract entities or entities which have a relation with the world and the environment where ones lives. Throughout maths’ History diverse philosophical schools have studied these two ways to see the mathematical concepts, such as platonism, idealism, rationalism, logicism, empiricism, constructivism, formalism and ultimately the social-cultural approach. Thus the objective of this article is to examine some of these philosophical statements about mathematics nature, its presence in the classroom, and in the students learning in order to generate a reflection among those who teach it, to make mathematics more enjoyable and meaningful to children and teenagers.Key words: Nature of Mathematics, Mathematical Object, Teaching, Learning.


PARADIGMA ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 107-129
Author(s):  
Vicenç Font ◽  
Luis R. Pino-Fan ◽  
Adriana Breda

Se explica la evolución de una agenda de investigación que se inició con el artículo “Objetos, prácticas y ostensivos asociados. El caso de la cisoide”, publicado el 2001, donde se pretendía mostrar la ingenuidad del punto de vista que consideraba a las representaciones ostensivas de los objetos matemáticos simplemente como diferentes significantes de objetos a-históricos y también se ponía énfasis en la importancia que tenía, para la Didáctica de la Matemáticas, problematizar la visión platónica sobre los objetos matemáticos. Para ello, se tomó como contexto de reflexión la evolución de las diferentes representaciones de la cisoide. El objetivo del artículo tenía aspectos en común con los principios asumidos por el Enfoque Ontosemiótico, por esta razón, el primer autor se fue interesando en la agenda de investigación que proponía dicho enfoque, en particular en cómo conceptualizar, desde una perspectiva pragmatista, el papel de las representaciones, y participó activamente en dar una respuesta, que no fuese platónica, a una de las preguntas que ha sido el motor de desarrollo del Enfoque Ontosemiótico: ¿qué es un objeto matemático y cuál es su significado en una determinada institución? La respuesta a esta pregunta iba de la mano con otro aspecto: la importancia para la Didáctica de la Matemáticas de tener en cuenta la complejidad de los objetos matemáticos, lo cual llevó a los tres autores de este trabajo a investigar sobre la complejidad de diferentes objetos matemáticos, así como sobre la comprensión que tienen los estudiantes de dicha complejidad. En este artículo, además de explicar el camino recorrido que se acaba de comentar, se explica cómo se ha incorporado la idea de “tener en cuenta la complejidad del objeto matemático a enseñar” en algunas experiencias de formación de profesores, donde han participado los autores.Palabras clave: Objeto Matemático. Complejidad del Objeto Matemático. Idoneidad Didáctica. Enfoque Ontosemiótico.  Uma evolução da visão sobre a complexidade dos objetos matemáticosResumoExplica-se a evolução de um processo de pesquisa iniciado com o artigo "Objetos, práticas ostensivas associadas. O caso do cissoide”, publicado em 2001, pretendia-se mostrar a ingenuidade do ponto de vista que considerava as representações ostensivas de objetos matemáticos simplesmente como diferentes significantes de objetos a-históricos, além de enfatizar a importância que eles tinham, para a Didática da Matemática, de problematizar a visão platônica de objetos matemáticos. Para isso, tomou-se como contexto de reflexão, a evolução das diferentes representações do cissoide, cujo objetivo apresentava aspectos em comum com os princípios assumidos pela Abordagem Ontossemiótica. Por essa razão, o primeiro autor foi interessando-se no processo de pesquisa que propunha dita abordagem, em particular em como conceituar, a partir de uma perspectiva pragmatista, o papel das representações, e participou ativamente em dar uma resposta, que não fosse platônica, a uma das perguntas que foi o motor de desenvolvimento da Abordagem Ontossemiótica: o que é um objeto matemático e qual o seu significado em uma determinada instituição? A resposta a esta pergunta vai ao encontro de outro aspecto: a importância para a Didática da Matemática de se ter em conta a complexidade dos objetos matemáticos, o qual levou aos três autores de este trabalho a investigar sobre a complexidade de diferentes objetos matemáticos, assim como sobre a compreensão de dita complexidade apresentadas pelos estudantes e professores. Neste artigo, além de mostrar o caminho percorrido que se acaba de comentar, explica-se como se incorporou a ideia de “ter em conta a complexidade do objeto matemático a ensinar” em algumas experiências de formação de professores, onde participaram os três autores.  Palavras-chave: Objeto Matemático. Complexidade do Objeto Matemático. Adequação didática. Abordagem Ontossemiótica. An evolution of the point of view on the complexity of mathematical objectsAbstractThis work explains the evolution of a research agenda that began with the article “Objects, practices and associated ostensive. The cissoids case”, published in 2001, which was intended to show the ingenuity of the view that regarded the ostensive representations of mathematical objects simply as different signifiers of objects ahistorical and emphasis is also placed on the importance he had, for the Didactics of Mathematics, problematize the Platonic vision of mathematical objects. For this, the evolution of the different representations of the cissoid was taken as a context of reflection. The objective of the article had aspects in common with the principles assumed by the Ontosemiotic Approach, for this reason, the first author became interested in the research agenda that said approach proposed, particularly in how to conceptualize, from a pragmatist perspective, the role of the representations, and actively participated in giving a non-Platonic answer to one of the questions that has been the driving force behind the development of the Ontosemiotic Approach: what is a mathematical object and what is its meaning in a particular institution? The answer to this question is going to meet another aspect: the importance for didactics of mathematics to take into account the complexity of mathematical objects, which led to the three authors of this work to investigate the complexity of different mathematical objects, as well how about the understanding of this complexity presented by students and teachers. In this article, in addition to showing what has just been said, it explains how the idea of “taking into account the complexity of the mathematical object to be taught” was incorporated in some teacher training experiences, where the three authors participated.Keywords: Mathematical Object. Complexity of the Mathematical Object. Didactic suitability. Ontosemiotic Approach.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document