scholarly journals La naturaleza de la Matemática, sus concepciones y su influencia en el salón de clase

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Jiménez Espinosa
Keyword(s):  
Great Part ◽  
Mathematical Object ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Mathematical Education ◽  
Mathematical Concepts ◽  
Abstract Entities ◽  
The World ◽  
Mathematics Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Aunque en las últimas dos décadas la situación tiende a cambiar, históricamente se ha tenido la creencia de que para enseñar matemáticas sólo se requiere el buen dominio de los temas, sin tener en cuenta que implícitamente hay una actitud frente a la clase, esta actitud del profesor se refleja en las actividades que desarrollan los estudiantes, de acuerdo con lo que él crea que es esta disciplina y con los fines que persiga su enseñanza, es decir, saber buena matemática es una condición necesaria, pero no suficiente para enseñarla. La actuación del profesor frente a sus estudiantes –la mayoría de las veces implícita e inconsciente– determina en gran medida el progreso de ellos, los resultados en sus aprendizajes y el gusto o la aversión por la matemática. Así las cosas, el problema no es solo cuánta matemática se sabe, ni cuál es la mejor forma de enseñarla, sino tener suficiente claridad sobre qué es realmente la matemática (Hersh, 1986). Tradicionalmente se han manejado dos formas básicas de concebir los conceptos matemáticos: como entes abstractos o como entes que tienen relación con el mundo y con el entorno en que se vive, a lo largo de la historia de la matemática, diversas escuelas filosóficas han estudiado estas dos formas de ver los objetos matemáticos, como el platonismo, el idealismo, el racionalismo, el logicismo, el empirismo, el constructivismo, el formalismo y, últimamente, el enfoque socio-cultural. De esta forma, el objetivo de este artículo es examinar algunas de estas posturas filosóficas sobre la naturaleza de la matemática, su incidencia en el salón de clase y en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes, y generar reflexión entre los docentes del área, conducente a hacer una matemática más agradable y significativa para los niños y jóvenes. Palabras clave: naturaleza de la matemática, objeto matemático, enseñanza, aprendizaje. Abstract Even if in the last two decades the situation tends to change, the history of mathematical education shows that, it has had the belief that to be a maths teacher, one only needs a good command of its topics, without having in mind that one has an attitude in front of the class. The teacher’s attitude is reflected in the activities that the students develop, according how he perceives the subject and the objectives pursued by his teachings. In other words, a good  mathematics knowledge is a necessary condition, but not sufficient to teach it. The teacher’s performance in front of his students -most of the time implicit and unconscious- determines a great part of the students progress, the results in their learning and their like or dislike of the subject. Therefore, ‘the problem is not only how much mathematics knowledge one has, nor which is the best way to teach it, but to have sufficient clarity of what mathematics is truly about’ (Hersh, 1986). Traditionally, there have been two basic forms of conceiving mathematical concepts: As abstract entities or as entities related to the world and the environment in which we live. Through the history of maths, diverse philosophical schools have studied these two forms of viewing mathematical notions: As abstract entities or entities which have a relation with the world and the environment where ones lives. Throughout maths’ History diverse philosophical schools have studied these two ways to see the mathematical concepts, such as platonism, idealism, rationalism, logicism, empiricism, constructivism, formalism and ultimately the social-cultural approach. Thus the objective of this article is to examine some of these philosophical statements about mathematics nature, its presence in the classroom, and in the students learning in order to generate a reflection among those who teach it, to make mathematics more enjoyable and meaningful to children and teenagers.Key words: Nature of Mathematics, Mathematical Object, Teaching, Learning.

scholarly journals The Fitness of the Environment

1914 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-87
Author(s):  
James Y. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Single System ◽  
Dynamic Representation ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

When Darwin first turned the search-light of his genius upon the world of Nature, and under its illumination men were compelled to replace their static views of organic creation by a dynamic representation that made the history of life a connected and, in great part, progressive process from the beginning, attention was mainly concentrated on the fitness of the organism to its environment. The fact of such fitness had long been obvious in differing degrees, but the problem of its causation as a factor in survival was then for the first time philosophically treated in the doctrine of Natural Selection. Nevertheless, it must be admitted that through all the earlier discussions that ranged round these topics the point of view was more or less one-sided. The fitness of the organism to its environment was stressed and stressed again; the question of the fitness of the environment to the organism was seldom raised, or even realized. In some cases, along with views advancedly transmutational, a conception of the environment was maintained that was almost static. The organism, isolated from its environment, was ransacked for its history in the laboratory or made the subject of experiment in order to elucidate its behavior. The conception of the organism and its environment as vitally and reciprocally connected, as a single system undergoing change, had not yet been reached.

EXPLORING THE INTERNAL STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE ORGANIZATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Venelin Terziev ◽  
Marin Georgiev
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Professional Culture ◽  
Social Revolution ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
The Subject

The subject of this article is the genesis of the professional culture of personnel management. The last decades of the 20th century were marked by various revolutions - scientific, technical, democratic, informational, sexual, etc. Their cumulative effect has been mostly reflected in the professional revolution that shapes the professional society around the world. This social revolution has global consequences. In addition to its extensive parameters, it also has intensive ones related to the deeply-rooted structural changes in the ways of working and thinking, as well as in the forms of its social organization. The professional revolutions in the history of Modern Times stem from this theory.Employees’ awareness and accountability shall be strengthened. The leader must be able to formulate and bring closer to the employees the vision of the organization and its future goal, to which all shall aspire. He should pay attention not to the "letter" but to the "spirit" of this approach.

scholarly journals X.—A Revised History of the Column of Phocas in the Roman Forum

Archaeologia ◽  
1890 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
Public Building ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Christian Worship ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Roman Forum ◽  
The Temple

It may be of interest to the Society if I submit to its notice some observations made last year, which render it necessary to re-write the history of one of the best known monuments of Rome.The monument, which for fifty-six years has been called the Column of Phocas, was formerly, when nothing but the pillar itself was seen above ground, the subject of much curiosity and speculation among the visitors of the Forum. The “nameless column with the buried base” was thought by some to be the sole relic of a great temple or other public building. By others it had been conjectured to be part of the famous bridge by which Caligula united his palace on the Palatine with the temple of Capitoline Jupiter. In the early years of the century, among other works of the same kind, it was resolved to clear away the soil and débris from the substructure of this column; and on the 13th of March, 1813, the inscription of its pedestal, which had remained for centuries a few feet below the level of the ground, was uncovered, and revealed the fact that it had supported a statue dedicated by the exarch Smaragdus to the honour of a Caesar, whose name had been erased, but who, by other indications, could be no other than Phocas, an emperor of evil reputation, but to whom Rome and the world owe some gratitude for having been instrumental in dedicating the Pantheon to Christian worship, and so preserving from ruin one of the noblest and most original architectural works of antiquity.

scholarly journals Piśmiennictwo religijne Tatarów Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego jako oryginalne źródło do badań polszczyzny północnokresowej

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-110
Author(s):  
Joanna Kulwicka-Kamińska
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
The North ◽  
Religious Writings ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Linguistic Analyses ◽  
The 19Th Century

The religious writings of the Tatars constitute a valuable source for philological research due to the presence of heretofore unexplored grammatical and lexical layers of the north borderland Polish language of the 16th-20th centuries and due to the interference-related and transfer-related processes in the context of Slavic languages and Slavic-Oriental contacts. Therefore the basis for linguistic analyses is constituted by one of the most valuable monuments of this body of writing – the first translation of the Quran into a Slavic language in the world (probably representing the north borderland Polish language), which assumed the form of a tefsir. The source of linguistic analyses is constituted by the Olita tefsir, which dates back to 1723 (supplemented and corrected in the 19th century). On the basis of the material that was excerpted from this work the author presents both borderland features described in the subject literature and tries to point the new or only sparsely confirmed facts in the history of the Polish language, including the formation of the north borderland Polish language on the Belarusian substrate. Research involves all levels of language – the phonetic-phonological, morphological, syntactic and the lexical-semantic levels.

scholarly journals History and Historiography in Early Christian Ireland

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (33) ◽  
pp. 197-227
Author(s):  
Dominique Santos
Keyword(s):  
Early Christian ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Theory Of History ◽  
Bilingual Literacy

Despite modern writers noticing the importance of Premodern historiographical phenomena for a deeper comprehension of both Theory of History and History of Historiography, the Irish contribution to the subject is often left aside. Topics such as the Seanchas Tradition and Medieval Irish Classicism are not well integrated into such historiographical narrative. The Seanchaidh, the Irish Artifex of the Past, for example, is broadly mentioned as not a historian, but a chronicler, antiquary, genealogist, hagiographer or pedigree systematizer. This article addresses these issues and, more specifically, we focus on two Irish narratives produced in 7th century by Muirchú and Tírechán. Since they belong to the world of orality and bilingual literacy of Early Christian Ireland, perhaps their works could be understood as bounded by the Seanchas Tradition and Medieval Irish Classicism, hence, both could be considered as great examples of the producers of History and Historiography at the time.

scholarly journals Ironia i nihilizm. Figura bibliotekarza w Posłuchaniu u Lucypera Józefa Sękowskiego

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
Jarosław Ławski
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Absolute Power ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The subject matter of the present article is the image of library and librarian in a forgotten short story by a Polish-Russian writer Józef Julian Sękowski (1800−1858). Sękowski is known in Polish literature as a multi-talented orientalist and polyglot, who changed his national identity in 1832 and began to write only in Russian. In the history of Russian literature he is famous for Library for Reading and Fantastic Voyages of Baron Brambeus, an ironic-grotesque work, which was precursory in Russian prose. Until 1832 Sękowski was, however, a Polish writer. His last significant work was An Audience with Lucypher published in a Polish magazine Bałamut Petersburski (Petersburgian Philanderer) in 1832 and immediately translated into Russian by Sękowski himself under the title Bolszoj wychod u Satany (1833). The library and librarian presented by the author in this piece are a caricature illustration proving his nihilistic worldview. Sękowski is a master of irony and grotesquery, yet the world he creates is deprived of freedom and justice and a book in this world is merely a threat to absolute power.

scholarly journals Moving Birds in Hawai'i: Assisted Colonisation in a Colonised Land

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-64
Author(s):  
Thom Van Dooren
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Native Hawaiian ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Kanaka Maoli ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

In September 2011, a delicate cargo of 24 Nihoa Millerbirds was carefully loaded by conservationists onto a ship for a three-day voyage to Laysan Island in the remote Northwest Hawaiian Islands. The goal of this effort was to establish a second population of this endangered species, an “insurance population” in the face of the mounting pressures of climate change and potential new biotic arrivals. But the millerbird, or ulūlu in Hawaiian, is just one of the many avian species to become the subject of this kind of “assisted colonisation.” In Hawai'i, and around the world, recent years have seen a broad range of efforts to safeguard species by finding them homes in new places. Thinking through the ulūlu project, this article explores the challenges and possibilities of assisted colonisation in this colonised land. What does it mean to move birds in the context of the long, and ongoing, history of dispossession of the Kānaka Maoli, the Native Hawaiian people? How are distinct but entangled process of colonisation, of unworlding, at work in the lives of both people and birds? Ultimately, this article explores how these diverse colonisations might be understood and told responsibly in an era of escalating loss and extinction.

IV. John Lingard and the Simancas Archives

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-76
Author(s):  
Edwin Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
English History ◽  
Parish Priest ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Source Materials

John Lingard (1771–1851) was the first English historian to attempt to look at the history of England in the sixteenth century from an international point of view. He was unconvinced by the story of the Reformation in England as found in the works of previous historians such as Burnet and Hume, and believed that new light needed to be thrown on the subject. One way of doing this was to look at English history from the outside, so to speak, and Lingard held it to be a duty of the historian ‘to contrast foreign with native authorities, to hold the balance between them with an equal hand, and, forgetting that he is an Englishman, to judge impartially as a citizen of the world’. In pursuit of this ideal Lingard can be said to have given a new dimension to the source materials for English history. As parish priest in the small village of Hornby, near Lancaster, Lingard had few opportunities for travel. But he made good use of his various friends and former pupils at Douai and Ushaw colleges who were settled now in various parts of Europe. It was with the help of these friends that Lingard made contacts with and gained valuable information from archives in France, Italy and Spain. We shall concern ourselves here only with the story of Lingard's contacts with the great Spanish State Archives at Simancas.

Asian International Adoptions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Varzally
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
International Adoption ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
American Family ◽  
International Adoptions ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
Immigration History ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Although Americans have adopted and continue to adopt children from all over the world, Asian minors have immigrated and joined American families in the greatest numbers and most shaped our collective understanding of the process and experiences of adoption. The movement and integration of infants and youths from Japan, the Philippines, India, Vietnam, Korea, and China (the most common sending nations in the region) since the 1940s have not only altered the composition and conception of the American family but also reflected and reinforced the complexities of U.S. relations with and actions in Asia. In tracing the history of Asian international adoption, we can undercover shifting ideas of race and national belonging. The subject enriches the fields of Asian American and immigration history.

The Portuguese and the Indian Ocean : a review

Antiquity ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 22 (85) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Elaine Sanceau
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Century Literature

It was from the Portuguese that Europe first learned something about India. Their 16th century literature abounds in information on the subject. Duarte Barboza, Tomé Pires, Castanheda, João de Barros, Gaspar Correa even, though he says that he will only write about the exploits of his countrymen, have each one given to the world many interesting facts regarding the ethnology, the customs and beliefs, and some account of the history of that baffling sub-continent which Portugal, of European nations, was the first to observe at close quarters.

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