scholarly journals It really does take a village: The role of neighbors in the etiology of nonaggressive rule-breaking behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 713-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alexandra Burt ◽  
Amber L. Pearson ◽  
Amanda Rzotkiewicz ◽  
Kelly L. Klump ◽  
Jenae M. Neiderhiser
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Networks ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Michigan State University ◽  
State University ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Contagion Model ◽  
Rule Breaking

AbstractAlthough there is growing recognition that disadvantaged contexts attenuate genetic influences on youth misbehavior, it is not yet clear how this dampening occurs. The current study made use of a “geographic contagion” model to isolate specific contexts contributing to this effect, with a focus on nonaggressive rule-breaking behaviors (RB) in the families’ neighbors. Our sample included 847 families residing in or near modestly-to-severely disadvantaged neighborhoods who participated in the Michigan State University Twin Registry. Neighborhood sampling techniques were used to recruit neighbors residing within 5km of a given family (the mean number of neighbors assessed per family was 13.09; range, 1–47). Analyses revealed clear evidence of genotype–environment interactions by neighbor RB, such that sibling-level shared environmental influences on child RB increased with increasing neighbor self-reports of their own RB, whereas genetic influences decreased. Moreover, this moderation appeared to be driven by geographic proximity to neighbors. Sensitivity analyses further indicated that this effect was specifically accounted for by higher levels of neighbor joblessness, rather than elements of neighbor RB that would contribute to neighborhood blight or crime. Such findings provocatively suggest that future genotype–environment interactions studies should integrate the dynamic networks of social contagion theory.

scholarly journals The Etiological Moderation of Aggressive and Nonaggressive Antisocial Behavior by Age

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alexandra Burt ◽  
Kelly L. Klump
Keyword(s):  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Michigan State University ◽  
State University ◽  
Genetic Expression ◽  
Twin Registry ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rule Breaking ◽  
Additional Support

AbstractA recent study has suggested that aggressive (AGG) and non-aggressive, rule-breaking (RB) antisocial behavior evidence differential and subtype-specific patterns of genetic expression during development. Namely, although genetic influences on RB increase dramatically during early- to mid-adolescence, genetic influences on AGG appear to remain stable. As no other study has examined age-related change in AGG versus RB, more research is clearly needed before any firm conclusions can be drawn. The current study thus examined whether and how age impacted genetic and environmental influences on AGG and RB in a sample of 252 10- to 15-year-old twin pairs assessed as part of the Michigan State University Twin Registry (MSUTR). Results constructively replicated and extended prior findings, indicating that while the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on AGG remained stable across adolescence, genetic influences on RB increased dramatically with age. Such findings provide additional support for etiological distinctions within the broader construct of antisocial behavior based on the presence or absence of aggression, and offer insights into the expression of genetic influences during development.

scholarly journals The Role of Dispensing Device and Label Warnings on Dosing for Sunscreen Application: A Randomized Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Alyssa Harben ◽  
Shelby Robinson ◽  
Javier de la Fuente ◽  
Laura Bix
Keyword(s):  
Michigan State University ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
State University ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
San Luis ◽  
Sunscreen Use ◽  
Effective Product ◽  
Post Hoc

Drug manufacturers are expected to provide labeling information needed to yield safe and effective product use. However, it is not clear that consumers dose sunscreen, an over-the-counter drug, appropriately; in fact, existing evidence suggests underdosing as a common phenomenon. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dispensing device and labeling on self-administered doses of sunscreen in young adults. To investigate those effects, a 2 × 2 factorial laboratory experiment crossing dispensing device (two levels) with labeling treatment (two levels) was conducted. Participants applied sunscreen from each of the four treatments; dosing concentration, measured in mg/cm2, served as the response variable. Participants ( n = 94) were recruited on the campuses of Michigan State University (East Lansing, MI) and California Polytechnic State University (San Luis Obispo, CA). Each participant applied sunscreen from each unique treatment to sites on their arms and legs (four applications). Postapplication, a survey was completed to characterize demographics, risk perception, and sunscreen use patterns. Results indicate participants applied approximately 30% less sunscreen from the pump bottles than the squeeze bottles (difference estimate of 0.3059 mg/cm2, standard error = 0.0607, p < .0001); there was no evidence of a difference based on label treatments. Post hoc recognition tests indicated only 55% of participants were able to recognize the two experimental labels they had viewed immediately following sunscreen application. Sunscreen application density was directly related to level of worry regarding skin cancer and frequency of sunscreen use (α = .05). Our results suggest the dispensing device used to deliver sunscreen impacts the dosage amount consumers apply.

scholarly journals Building Scholars and Communities of Practice in Digital Heritage and Archaeology

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan Watrall
Keyword(s):  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Community Building ◽  
Michigan State University ◽  
National Endowment ◽  
State University ◽  
Digital Heritage ◽  
Digital Methods ◽  
Digital Archaeology

AbstractAs the role of digital methods in heritage and archaeology has increased in prominence, so has the question of capacity and community building. Who should receive training in digital methods? How should training take place? What concepts, platforms, technologies should be taught? These are relevant questions requiring careful planning and thoughtful implementation; yet beyond these questions, there is an issue of even greater importance: the planned development of communities of practice. The teaching of digital methods has a greater chance of success if it takes place in an ecosystem of scholars who are connected to one another through shared perspectives on those methods. This article presents and discusses the details of a model developed at Michigan State University that speaks to teaching digital archaeology and heritage methods, and to the development of communities of practice in which those methods are shared and relevant. The model is driven and informed by the activities of three projects: the National Endowment for the Humanities-funded Institute on Digital Archaeology Method & Practice, the Cultural Heritage Informatics Graduate Fellowship Program, and the Department of Anthropology Digital Cultural Heritage Fieldschool.

scholarly journals Prosocial peer affiliation suppresses genetic influences on non-aggressive antisocial behaviors during childhood

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Burt ◽  
K. L. Klump
Keyword(s):  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Michigan State University ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
State University ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Deviant Peer Affiliation ◽  
Peer Affiliation ◽  
Gene Environment

BackgroundAvailable research has suggested that affiliation with prosocial peers reduces child and adolescent antisocial behavior. However, the etiologic mechanisms driving this association remain unclear. The current study sought to evaluate whether this association takes the form of a gene–environment interaction (G × E) in which prosocial peer affiliation acts to reduce the consequences of genetic risk for non-aggressive antisocial behavior during childhood.MethodOur sample consisted of 500 twin pairs aged 6–10 years from the Michigan State University Twin Registry (MSUTR).ResultsThe results robustly support moderation by prosocial peer affiliation. Genetic influences on non-aggressive antisocial behavior were observed to be several times larger in those with lower levels of prosocial peer affiliation than in those with higher levels of prosocial peer affiliation. This pattern of results persisted even after controlling for gene–environment correlations and deviant peer affiliation, and when restricting our analyses to those twins who shared all or nearly all of their friends.ConclusionsSuch findings not only suggest that prosocial peer affiliation moderates genetic influences on non-aggressive antisocial behaviors during childhood but also provide support for the theoretical notion that protective environmental experiences may exert their influence by promoting resilience to genetic risk.

scholarly journals Religious Pluralism and Interfaith Coexistence: Ecumenicalism in the Context of Traditional Modes of Tolerance

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
David Owusu-Ansah ◽  
Emmanuel Akyeampong
Keyword(s):  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Religious Culture ◽  
Michigan State University ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
State University ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Local Traditions

In many parts of the developing world, religion is singled out as the cause for violent clashes. At the 2007 TrustAfrica workshop in Dakar, the conference of religious leaders, scholars, and experts from 12 African countries and the Diaspora explored this concern under the theme "Meeting the Challenges of Religion and Pluralism in Africa." It was observed that religiously justified conflicts were often the repackaging of community concerns regarding issues of social, economic, and political injustices, inequities and exclusions. Consequently, a project on “religious pluralism and interfaith coexistence in Ghana” was funded in 2008 as part of the efforts to examine the role of local traditions as a foundation to interfaith dialogue. Earlier in 2005, a similar project on the theme of Islam and tolerance, with funding from Harvard and Michigan State University, was conducted in Ghana. Several issues emerging from the field conversations are pertinent to topics of how history shaped Muslim relations with their non-Muslim hosts in West Africa. It is often argued in the literature that Islam’s inherently adoptive attitude toward African religious culture made it possible for Muslims and their non-Muslim hosts to co-exist. However, this research contends that, in the case of Ghana, it was the traditional local culture as defined by indigenous religious values that shaped and moderated the environment that sustained peaceful interreligious relations. The authors express concern that as the country experiences rapid urbanization, Westernization, proliferation of charismatic churches and aggressive Christian evangelization, the traditional values that underpinned pluralism and peace in historic times might be threatened (George Bob-Milliar and Karen Lauterback, 2018).    

scholarly journals Delinquent peer affiliation as an etiological moderator of childhood delinquency

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1269-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Burt ◽  
K. L. Klump
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Michigan State University ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
State University ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Peer Affiliation ◽  
Twin Registry ◽  
Delinquent Peer ◽  
Delinquent Peers

BackgroundPrior research has indicated that affiliation with delinquent peers activates genetic influences on delinquency during adolescence. However, because other studies have indicated that the socializing effects of delinquent peers vary dramatically across childhood and adolescence, it is unclear whether delinquent peer affiliation (DPA) also moderates genetic influences on delinquency during childhood.MethodThe current study sought to evaluate whether and how DPA moderated the etiology of delinquency in a sample of 726 child twins from the Michigan State University Twin Registry (MSUTR).ResultsThe results robustly supported etiological moderation of childhood delinquency by DPA. However, this effect was observed for shared environmental, rather than genetic, influences. Shared environmental influences on delinquency were found to be several-fold larger in those with higher levels of DPA as compared to those with lower levels. This pattern of results persisted even when controlling for the overlap between delinquency and DPA.ConclusionsOur findings bolster prior work in suggesting that, during childhood, the association between DPA and delinquency is largely (although not solely) attributable to the effects of socialization as compared to selection. They also suggest that the process of etiological moderation is not specific to genetic influences. Latent environmental influences are also amenable to moderation by measured environmental factors.

Ultrastructural Studies of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
James C.S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Michigan State University ◽  
State University ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Diagnostic Difficulties ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Capillary Walls ◽  
Alveolar Capillary

Bovine respiratory diseases cause serious economic loses and present diagnostic difficulties due to the variety of etiologic agents, predisposing conditions, parasites, viruses, bacteria and mycoplasma, and may be multiple or complicated. Several agents which have been isolated from the abnormal lungs are still the subject of controversy and uncertainty. These include adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, syncytial viruses, herpesviruses, picornaviruses, mycoplasma, chlamydiae and Haemophilus somnus.Previously, we have studied four typical cases of bovine pneumonia obtained from the Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory to elucidate this complex syndrome by electron microscopy. More recently, additional cases examined reveal electron opaque immune deposits which were demonstrable on the alveolar capillary walls, laminae of alveolar capillaries, subenthothelium and interstitium in four out of 10 cases. In other tissue collected, unlike other previous studies, bacterial organisms have been found in association with acute suppurative bronchopneumonia.

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