John Bull in blackface

Popular Music ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Victorian Period ◽  
Blackface Minstrelsy ◽  
Music Hall ◽  
Cultural Forms ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Cotton Plantations

For a mid-twentieth century historian of the music hall, blackface minstrelsy was the ‘oddest form of entertainment imaginable’. He found it ‘incomprehensible’ why people during the Victorian period had delighted in the ‘extraordinary spectacle of the apparently sane white man blacking his face and hands with burnt cork, painting his lips and eyes to resemble those of an African nigger, and then, to complete the incongruity, attiring himself in English evening dress while he sang ditties allegedly emanating from the cotton plantations of Ole Virginny!’ (Felstead 1946, p. 55). There are a number of things to be said about this evaluation, the first being that its severe disparagement of one of the most popular cultural forms of the Victorian period in Britain was, during that period, exceptionally rare. Indeed, the lack of criticism attests to its enduring popularity. From their first wave of success in the late 1830s and early 1840s, minstrel acts, troupes and shows figured as a staple item of the popular stage throughout the remaining decades of the century. What began with its early boom in the second quarter of the century continued to prove attractive to successive generations across all social classes, and among men and women of the large urban centres, provincial towns and outlying rural areas alike.

Gender and Social Exclusion in European Migration Crisis

2018 ◽  
pp. 658-676
Author(s):  
Marlou Schrover
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Refugee Women ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
The One ◽  
European Migration

This chapter discusses social exclusion in European migration from a gendered and historical perspective. It discusses how from this perspective the idea of a crisis in migration was repeatedly constructed. Gender is used in this chapter in a dual way: attention is paid to differences between men and women in (refugee) migration, and to differences between men and women as advocates and claim makers for migrant rights. There is a dilemma—recognized mostly for recent decades—that on the one hand refugee women can be used to generate empathy, and thus support. On the other hand, emphasis on women as victims forces them into a victimhood role and leaves them without agency. This dilemma played itself out throughout the twentieth century. It led to saving the victims, but not to solving the problem. It fortified rather than weakened the idea of a crisis.

scholarly journals Diet profiles in a population sample from Mediterranean southern France

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Scali ◽  
Aurélia Richard ◽  
Mariette Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Southern France ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
The Mediterranean

AbstractObjectiveA Mediterranean diet quality index (MDQI) was devised to give an overall assessment of dietary habits and to identify groups at risk.DesignThe MDQI was based on scores given for selected levels of consumption of selected nutrients and foods.SettingMediterranean southern France.SubjectsThe sample included 473 men and 491 women in three age classes recruited at random.ResultsOnly 9.5% of men, 9.0% of women, 4.7% of 20–34 year old subjects, 6.6% of 35–54 year old subjects and 14.0% of 55–76 year old subjects were shown to have a healthy diet. However, 10.1% of men, 8.6% of women, 19.4% of 20–34 year old subjects, 10.2% of 35–54 year old subjects and 4.6% of 55–76 year old subjects were shown to have a poor diet. There were significantly fewer smokers among subjects with a good diet but the distribution of moderate wine drinkers was comparable between those with a good diet and those with a poor diet. Correspondence analysis associated a healthy diet with 55–76 year old men and women living in rural areas, who had received primary schooling only and who were manual workers. Both men and women with a poor MDQI score tended to be young and smokers. In addition, women with a poor MDQI tended to be heavy drinkers and obese.ConclusionsThis study showed that the Mediterranean model, which is generally recognized as a healthy diet, appears restricted to older people and to rural areas, whereas urbanized young people depart from it. A nutritional prevention policy targeted at young adults is required to encourage them to adhere to the Mediterranean model. Smoking and drinking showed different distribution patterns in the sample under study.

Concept of Rivalry in D.H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-454
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Sibling Rivalry ◽  
Oedipus Complex ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Qualitative Pattern ◽  
The One ◽  
Theory Competition

Sons and Lovers (1913) is one of D.H. Lawrence’s most prominent novels in terms of psychological complexities characteristic of most, if not all, of his other novels. Many studies have been conducted on the Oedipus complex theory and psychological relationship between men and women in Lawrence’s novels reflecting the early twentieth century norms of life. This paper reexamines Sons and Lovers from the perspective of rivalry based on Alfred Adler’s psychological studies. The discussion tackles the sibling rivalry between the members of the Morels and extends to reexamining the rivalry between other characters. This concept is discussed in terms of two levels of relationships. First, between Paul and William as brothers on the one hand, and Paul and father and mother, on the other. Second, the rivalry triangle of Louisa, Miriam and Mrs. Morel. The qualitative pattern of the paper focuses on the textual analysis of the novel to show that Sons and Lovers can be approached through the concept of rivalry and sibling Rivalry. Keywords: Attachment theory, Competition, Concept of Rivalry, Favoritism, Sibling rivalry.

scholarly journals The Idea of Russian Symbolism about the Synthesis of Cultural Forms in the Context of Postmodern Culture

ICONI ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Nadezhda A. Tsareva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian Symbolism ◽  
Postmodern Art ◽  
Cultural Forms ◽  
Synthetic Media ◽  
Integrity Of Life

The relevance of the topic is due to the attention to trends in the development of culture. The synthesis of cultural forms is one of the important factors in the dynamics of culture. The teaching of Russian symbolism about the synthesis of cultures was analyzed in the scientifi c literature of the entire twentieth century. The novelty of the research is to compare the idea of art synthesis in the early twentieth and twenty-fi rst centuries. Two aspects of the idea of synthesis are considered: 1) the relevance of the idea of art synthesis in the postmodern era; 2) music and the visual series as organizing centers of art synthesis in the era of information technology. The purpose of this article is to examine the teaching of Russian symbolism about the integration of various forms of art and the features of synthesis in the postmodern era. The idea of integrating cultural forms was one of the key elements in Russian symbolism at the beginning of the twentieth century and was interpreted as a real prospect for the development of culture. In a broad sense, synthesis in symbolism meant the integrity of life, the integration of all spheres of human activity, the “organic connection” of cultures of the past and present. The synthesis can be realized on the basis of the art of symbolism, which can create a new culture. The synthesis of arts was understood as the beginning of the formation of a new culture. The core of the synthesis of arts, the symbolists saw music. Postmodern art is characterized by synthetism. Computer and information technologies create new forms of synthetic media art. The video series becomes the center of integration construction of postmodern audiovisual culture forms. The symbolist idea of the synthesis of arts as the beginning of cultural change in the postmodern era remains a utopian project. But the creation of new art forms in postmodern culture i s based on integration. New technologies are becoming a factor that determines the specifi cs of the synthesis of arts and infl uences the dynamics of culture. Both in Russian symbolism and in modern art, the goal of art synthesis is to present an integral image of the world, to form a system of worldview attitudes.

scholarly journals An Examination of the Involvement Level in Purchasing Processes for Non-prescription Pain Relivers in Austria

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-87
Author(s):  
Johannes Reiterer ◽  
Karin Strecker
Keyword(s):  
Information Search ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Education Levels

The involvement level of customers in the buying process influences the information search of a potential customer to a huge extent. An understanding of the involvement level from consumers in a purchasing process can increase the efficiency and effectivity of communication efforts from companies. This study examines the level of involvement from consumers in the purchasing processes of non-prescription pain relivers in Austria. The objective of this paper is to detect potential differences in the level of involvement among customers with different demographic characteristics. An online-questionnaire was used to collect data from consumers in Austria. Responses from 406 participants were collected through a non-probability sampling method. Results revealed that people between 18–38 have a rather moderate involvement level in purchasing processes of non-prescriptive pain relivers. Moreover, there were no significant differences between people from different social classes and people with different education levels. Men and women do not have different involvement levels in this age group as well. Additionally, this study revealed that recommendations from experts are seen as a very important information source. People with a high involvement level towards the purchase of non-prescription pain relivers are collecting online information about pain relivers more often than people with a low involvement level.

Patterns of Prejudice from Henri Massis to Walter Bedell Smith

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-180
Author(s):  
Mircea Platon
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Reading Public ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Status ◽  
War Propaganda ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Ideological Context ◽  
The Way

Astolphe de Custine’s collection of letters La Russie en 1839, first published in France in 1843, was rediscovered by Henri Massis in 1946. Massis re-introduced Custine’s by then long forgotten letters on Russia to the French public. Once American Cold Warriors such as George Kennan and General Walter Bedell-Smith discovered the book, they promptly promoted it to the status of the most prophetic book on the “Russian soul.” Denounced as “fictional,” by many nineteenth-century writers and by a host of twentieth-century scholars, Custine’s book was accepted as canonical by a large reading public and, more importantly, by successive generations of us policy makers. This article contributes to the historiography of Cold War propaganda by looking first at the context in which the book was initially resurrected by Massis, and then by analyzing the ways in which Cold War propaganda constructed its “relevance,” “actuality” and “prophetic” character. The article begins by taking a look at the way in which Massis, the first popularizer of the book, fitted it into his own ideological pattern. In a second movement, the article analyzes the ways in which the book functioned in the post-wwii ideological context, seeking to discover if the alleged relevance of the book had anything to do with the survival into the postwar world of the European Right’s interwar tangle of received ideas and patterns of prejudice.

Exploring Working-Class Consciousness: A Critique of the Theory of the ‘Labour-Aristocracy’*

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Post
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
World Market ◽  
Capitalist Class ◽  
Capitalist Production ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Victorian Period ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

AbstractThe notion of the labour-aristocracy is one of the oldest Marxian explanations of working-class conservatism and reformism. Despite its continued appeal to scholars and activists on the Left, there is no single, coherent theory of the labour-aristocracy. While all versions argue working-class conservatism and reformism reflects the politics of a privileged layer of workers who share in ‘monopoly’ super-profits, they differ on the sources of those super-profits: national dominance of the world-market in the nineteenth century (Marx and Engels), imperialist investments in the ‘colonial world’/global South (Lenin and Zinoviev), or corporate monopoly in the twentieth century (Elbaum and Seltzer). The existence of a privileged layer of workers who share monopoly super-profits with the capitalist class cannot be empirically verified. This essay presents evidence that British capital’s dominance of key-branches of global capitalist production in the Victorian period, imperialist investment and corporate market-power can not explain wage-differentials among workers globally or nationally, and that relatively well-paid workers have and continue to play a leading rôle in radical and revolutionary working-class organisations and struggles. An alternative explanation of working-class radicalism, reformism, and conservatism will be the subject of a subsequent essay.

Immoral Traffic: Mobility, Health, Labor, and the “Lorry Girl” in Mid-Twentieth-Century Britain

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Laite
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexual Danger

AbstractThe story of the lorry girl and the lorry driver, the roads they traveled on, and the responses toward them allows for some telling insights into a strange kind of “immoral traffic” in 1930s and 1950s Britain. Whether seeking employment or adventure, leaving the “distressed areas” or absconding from an approved school, the lorry girl was linked to anxieties about women's mobility, unemployment, venereal disease, and delinquency. At the same time, the figure of the lorry driver, both romanticized and marginalized, showed that deviant and commercialized sexuality could be linked to the economic and social inequality of both men and women. Concerns about lorry jumping and hitchhiking in this period also reveal a different kind of narrative in the development of British roadways, which not only were tied to both the health and efficiency of the nation but also were spaces of sexual danger and sites of social delinquency.

Time for Sex

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishita Pande
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clock Time ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
English Translations ◽  
Sexuality And Space ◽  
Women In India

This chapter examines attempts to standardize, internalize, and globalize sexual temporality—captured in the conceptualization of the body as clock—in the sexological advice offered to men and women in India in the early twentieth century. It first describes the constitution of “Hindu erotica” during the period and how these English translations gave rise to a set of foundational texts that would become the basis of global/Hindu sexology while filling them up with clock time. It then considers the ways that these texts attached life cycles to the chronological ordering of time by recasting brahmacharya—a prescription for a stage of life devoted to celibacy and learning—as an age-stratified organization of sexual behavior and a schema for sex education. By using the example of bodily temporality, the chapter addresses questions of sexuality and space in relation to globalization and transnational capitalism, colonialism and development.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jenny Tone-Pah-Hote
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Progressive Era ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Expressive Culture ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cultural Negotiation ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

This is an interdisciplinary study of how Kiowa men and women made, wore, displayed and discussed expressive culture. Kiowa men and women used the arts to represent new ways of understanding and representing Kiowa identity that resonated with their changed circumstances during the Progressive Era and twentieth century. Kiowas represented themselves individually and collectively through cultural production that emphasized the significance of change and cultural negotiation, gender, the ties and tensions over tribally specific and intertribal identities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document