Are auditory P300 and duration MMN heritable and putative endophenotypes of psychotic bipolar disorder? A Maudsley Bipolar Twin and Family Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1277-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-H. Hall ◽  
K. Schulze ◽  
F. Rijsdijk ◽  
S. Kalidindi ◽  
C. McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Psychotic Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Shared Genetic

BackgroundImpaired P300 auditory response has been reported in patients with psychotic bipolar disorder (BPD) and unaffected relatives of psychotic bipolar patients. Deficits in mismatch negativity (MMN), however, have not been observed in bipolar patients. To our knowledge, no family study of MMN in BPD has been reported. The current study combined the Maudsley twin and bipolar family samples using genetic model fitting analyses to: (1) assess the relationship between BPD and MMN, (2) substantiate the association between psychotic BPD and P300 variables, (3) verify the genetic overlap of BPD with P300 amplitude previously reported in the twin sample, and (4) examine the shared genetic influences between BPD and bilateral temporal scalp locations of P300 components.MethodA total of 301 subjects were included in this study, including 94 twin pairs, 31 bipolar families, and 39 unrelated healthy controls. Statistical analyses were based on structural equation modelling.ResultsBoth P300 and MMN are heritable, with heritability estimates of 0.58 for MMN, 0.68–0.80 for P300 amplitude, and 0.21–0.56 for P300 latency. The bipolar patients and their relatives showed normal MMN. No significant association, either genetic or environmental, was found with BPD. BPD was significantly associated with reduced P300 amplitude and prolonged latency on midline and bilateral temporal-posterior scalp areas. Shared genetic factors were the main source of these associations.ConclusionsThe results confirm that MMN is not an endophenotype for psychotic BPD whereas P300 amplitude and latency components are valid endophenotypes for psychotic BPD.

scholarly journals Ziprasidone as Adjunctive Therapy in Severe Bipolar Patients Treated with Clozapine

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Bartolommei ◽  
Francesco Casamassima ◽  
Laura Pensabene ◽  
Federica Luchini ◽  
Antonella Benvenuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Adjunctive Therapy ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Psychotic Bipolar Disorder

Aim. To confirm the efficacy and tolerability of ziprasidone as adjunctive therapy in bipolar patients partially responding to clozapine or with persisting negative symptoms, overweight, or with metabolic syndrome. Methods. Eight patients with psychotic bipolar disorder were tested with the BPRS, the HAM-D, and the CGI at T0 and retested after 2 weeks (T1). Plasma clozapine and norclozapine levels and BMI were tested at T0 and T1. Results. Ziprasidone was well tolerated by all the patients. BPRS and HAM-D scores were reduced in all patients. BMI was reduced in patients with a BMI at T0 higher than 25. Plasma levels of clozapine and norclozapine showed an irregular course.

scholarly journals The genetic relationship between neuroticism and autonomic function in female twins

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
HARRIËTTE RIESE ◽  
JUDITH G. M. ROSMALEN ◽  
JOHAN ORMEL ◽  
ARIE M. VAN ROON ◽  
ALBERTINE J. OLDEHINKEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Stress ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Genetic Contribution ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Finger Blood Pressure ◽  
Explanatory Concept ◽  
Shared Genetic

Background. Neuroticism is widely used as an explanatory concept in etiological research of psychopathology. In order to clarify what neuroticism actually represents, we investigated the genetic association between neuroticism and cardiovascular measures.Method. In 125 female twin pairs (18–30 years), electrocardiogram and continuous finger blood pressure were assessed during two rest and two mental stress conditions. Mean values for baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), heart rate variability (HRV) and inter-beat interval (IBI) were calculated for each condition. Neuroticism was assessed by multiple questionnaires. Multivariate genetic model-fitting analyses were used to investigate the genetic correlation between latent neuroticism and the cardiovascular autonomic nervous system (ANS) measures.Results. Neuroticism was negatively correlated to BRS and HRV. Neuroticism was not correlated to IBI. For BRS, this phenotypical relation was entirely determined by shared genetic influences. For HRV, the genetic contribution to the phenotypical correlation was not significant, but the proportions of explained covariance showed a trend of more genetic than environmental influences on the phenotypical relationship.Conclusions. High neuroticism is associated with a deregulated ANS. Pleiotropic genetic effects may be partly responsible for this effect.

scholarly journals Event-related potentials and white matter lesions in bipolar disorder

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. P. M. Vuurman ◽  
A. Honig ◽  
T. H. Lamers ◽  
J. Wiersma ◽  
L. Krabbendam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Objectives:To investigate neurophysiological parameters which possibly distinguish subtypes I and II of patients with a bipolar disorder, and contrast the findings with observations from a group of schizophrenic patients and a group of healthy controls.Methods:Sixty-six volunteers underwent a MRI scan to determine the number and location of white matter lesions (WSL). A electrophysiological registration was made while all volunteers performed a auditory ‘oddball’ task, and the amplitude of the resulting P300 wave was compared.Results:Earlier reports of higher numbers of WSL in bipolar disorder were not replicated in this study. Subtypes I and II showed a different P300 amplitude and subtype I resembled the results of the schizophrenia group.Conclusion:Bipolar patients in remission have a functional brain disorder that is expressed by a change in physiological response to external stimuli.

scholarly journals S169. THE IMPACT OF PSYCHOSIS IN ADOLESCENT-ONSET BIPOLAR DISORDER: A STRUCTURAL MRI STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S101-S101
Author(s):  
Cristian Llach ◽  
Adriana Fortea ◽  
Isabel Valli ◽  
Iria Mendez ◽  
Sara Lera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Adolescent Patients ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Psychotic Features ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Psychotic Bipolar Disorder

Abstract Background Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a major psychiatric illness defined by episodic mood changes, which in approximately 50% of cases is associated with psychotic features. Over the past decades, a large amount of research has identified brain structural and functional alterations in patients with this mental disorder. Some findings have been found to be specific to patients with psychotic symptoms, raising suggestions that this could represent a biological subtype of the disorder. Recent interest has been addressed to Early-Onset Bipolar Disorder (EOBD, onset prior to age 18). Latest reviews in EOBD samples have pointed to abnormalities in the frontal lobe and limbic structures, with some inconsistencies in the reported results possibly caused by differences in the methodology. In addition, no study so far has examined the neural structural correlates of psychotic symptoms in adolescent-onset bipolar disorder (AOBD). The aim of the present study is to examine the impact of psychosis on the neurobiological architecture in a sample of patients with AOBD. To our knowledge, this is the first study comparing gray matter structure between AOBD patients with or without psychotic features. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study collecting T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance neuroimaging (3T-MRI) data in patients diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder type I or II between 12 and 19 years old (N=46, mean age (SD)=15.89 (1.94), gender=52.2% females). All patients were recruited from child and adolescent mental health services of the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain. Diagnoses were confirmed with a semi-structured clinical interview (Kiddie-Sads present and lifetime version) by child and adolescent psychiatrists. Images were pre-processed employing FreeSurfer 5.3.0, and data corresponding to Cortical Thickness (CTH) and Subcortical Volumes (SCV) was obtained. Groups were compared according to whether patients had experienced psychotic symptoms at any point during their illness: Non-Psychotic Bipolar Disorder (NPSBD, N=25) and Psychotic Bipolar Disorder (PSBD, N=21). No differences in age (t=0.498, p=0.621) or sex (χ2=0.001, p=0.979). Group effects in relation to both CT and SCV were examined with a general linear model. The main effect of group on CTH and SCV, was performed for the whole brain, performing a correction for multiple comparisons (Montecarlo correction, threshold = 0.05). Results Between-group analyses showed smaller CTH in a cluster in the left medial orbitofrontal cortex (cluster size= 1142.58 mm2) in PSBD relative to NPSBD (x, y, z: 25.63, 89.61, -42.74; p=0.002). In addition, we observed a smaller right hippocampus volume (p=0.025) in PSBD relative to NPSBD. No other statistically significant differences were obtained. Discussion PSBD showed smaller cortical thickness in the left medial orbitofrontal cortex, as well as a volumetric reduction in the right hippocampal volume. Similar results have been reported in a study comparing adolescent patients with psychotic BD and healthy controls. These results add evidence about the role of these two structures in the genesis of psychotic symptoms in a population diagnosed with AOBD. Interestingly, one study has reported a surface area decreased of the orbitofrontal cortex in adolescent patients with a non-bipolar psychotic disorder, which suggests that they may be a common substrate to psychotic symptoms during adolescence regardless of co-occurring affective symptoms. In summary, this study points to the existence of a distinct biological nature between bipolar patients according to psychotic symptoms, underpinned by a different neurobiological architecture. Future research should focus on replication and on examining the clinical value of this finding.

scholarly journals Patients’ adherence to smartphone apps in the management of bipolar disorder: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Camille Patoz ◽  
Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei ◽  
Bruno Pereira ◽  
Olivier Blanc ◽  
Ingrid de Chazeron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Smartphone Apps ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Health Apps ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Digital Or

Abstract Background Despite an increasing number of available mental health apps in the bipolar disorder field, these tools remain scarcely implemented in everyday practice and are quickly discontinued by patients after downloading. The aim of this study is to explore adherence characteristics of bipolar disorder patients to dedicated smartphone interventions in research studies. Methods A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted. Three databases (EMBASE, PsychInfo and MEDLINE) were searched using the following keywords: "bipolar disorder" or "mood disorder" or “bipolar” combined with “digital” or “mobile” or “phone” or “smartphone” or “mHealth” or “ehealth” or "mobile health" or “app” or “mobile-health”. Results Thirteen articles remained in the review after exclusion criteria were applied. Of the 118 eligible studies, 39 did not provide adherence characteristics. Among the selected papers, study length, sample size and definition of measures of adherence were strongly heterogeneous. Activity rates ranged from 58 to 91.6%. Conclusion The adherence of bipolar patients to apps is understudied. Standardised measures of adherence should be defined and systematically evaluated in future studies dedicated to these tools.

scholarly journals Response Processes to Looming Appetitive and Aversive Cues in Euthymic Bipolar Patients and Their First-Degree Relatives: An Exploratory Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 025371762097528
Author(s):  
Velprashanth Venkatesan ◽  
Christoday R J Khess ◽  
Umesh Shreekantiah ◽  
Nishant Goyal ◽  
K. K. Kshitiz
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Bipolar Group ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Vulnerability Model ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Appetitive Cues ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Background: Patients with bipolar disorder demonstrate increased sensitivity to appetitive/rewarding stimuli even during euthymia. On presentation of arousing pictures, they show a peculiar response, suggesting heightened vigilance. While responding to looming arousing cues, studies show subjects with anxiety spectrum disorders exhibit increased reaction time (RT), explained by the “looming-vulnerability model.” This study aimed to investigate the responses to looming arousing cues in euthymic bipolar patients and their first-degree relatives, as compared to healthy controls. Method: A looming appetitive and aversive cue paradigm was designed for assessing the RT of patients to process appetitive and aversive cues. The behavioral inhibition/activation and sensitivity to reward/punishment amongst the groups were also assessed. Results: The bipolar group showed significantly longer RT to process appetitive cues irrespective of the looming condition. Aversive cues elicited significantly longer RT in both the bipolar group and in first-degree relatives, but only when presented with the looming condition. Significant looming bias was elicited in the bipolar group which suggested a particular cognitive style to looming cues. A composite measure of RT along with sensitivity to reward/punishment distinguishes the bipolar group and their first-degree relatives from the healthy controls. Conclusion: The looming vulnerability model may provide important insights for future exploration of cognitive endophenotypes in bipolar disorder.

Blood Type and Bipolar Disorder

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 988-988
Author(s):  
Tamas Zonda ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Type I bipolar patients in Budapest were reported to have type O blood more often and types A and B blood less often than Type II bipolar patients.

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