scholarly journals Factors affecting newborn bone mineral content: in utero effects on newborn bone mineralization

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Namgung ◽  
Reginald C. Tsang
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Fetal Bone ◽  
Cord Serum ◽  
Total Body

Several factors have been found recently to have a significant impact on newborn bone mineral content (BMC) and developing fetal bone. Recently we showed that maternal vitamin D deficiency may affect fetal bone mineralization. Korean winter-born newborn infants had extremely low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), high serum cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP; a bone resorption marker), and markedly lower (8 %) total body BMC than summer-born newborn infants. Infant total body BMC was positively correlated with cord serum 25-OHD and inversely correlated with ICTP, which was also negatively correlated with vitamin D status. In three separate studies on North American neonates we found markedly lower (8–12 %) BMC in summer newborn infants compared with winter newborn infants, the opposite of the findings for Korean neonates. The major reason for the conflicting BMC results might be the markedly different maternal vitamin D status of the North American and Korean subjects. Recently, we found evidence of decreased bone formation rates in infants who were small-for-gestational age (SGA) compared with infants who were appropriate-for-gestational age; we reported reduced BMC, cord serum osteocalcin (a marker of bone formation) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (the active metabolite of vitamin D), but no alterations in indices of fetal bone collagen metabolism. In theory, reduced utero-placental blood flow in SGA infants may result in reduced transplacental mineral supply and reduced fetal bone formation. Infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) have low BMC at birth, and infant BMC correlated inversely with poor control of diabetes in the mother, specifically first trimester maternal mean capillary blood glucose concentration, implying that factors early in pregnancy might have an effect on fetal BMC. The low BMC in IDM may be related to the decreased transplacental mineral transfer. Cord serum ICTP concentrations were higher in IDM than in control subjects, implying increased intrauterine bone resorption. BMC is consistently increased with increasing body weight and length in infants. Race and gender differences in BMC appear in early life, but not at birth. Ethanol consumption and smoking by the mother during pregnancy affect fetal skeletal development.

scholarly journals Low maternal vitamin D status and fetal bone development: Cohort study

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Mahon ◽  
Nicholas Harvey ◽  
Sarah Crozier ◽  
Hazel Inskip ◽  
Sian Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Fetal Bone ◽  
Maternal Vitamin D Status

Vitamin K status is associated with childhood bone mineral content

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 852-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke J. H. van Summeren ◽  
Silvia C. C. M. van Coeverden ◽  
Leon J. Schurgers ◽  
Lavienja A. J. L. M. Braam ◽  
Florence Noirt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Total Body

In adult bone, vitamin K contributes to bone health, probably through its role as co-factor in the carboxylation of osteocalcin. In children, the significance of vitamin K in bone-mass acquisition is less well known. The objective of this longitudinal study was to determine whether biochemical indicators of vitamin K status are related to (gains in) bone mineral content (BMC) and markers of bone metabolism in peripubertal children. In 307 healthy children (mean age 11·2 years), BMC of the total body, lumbar spine and femoral neck was determined at baseline and 2 years later. Vitamin K status (ratio of undercarboxylated (ucOC) to carboxylated (cOC) fractions of osteocalcin; UCR) was also measured at both time points. Markers of bone metabolism, sex steroids, vitamin D status and growth hormones were measured at baseline only. Large variations in the levels of the UCR were found at both time-points, indicating a substantial interindividual difference in vitamin K status. Improvement of vitamin K status over 2 years (n281 children) was associated with a marked increase in total body BMC (r− 49·1,P < 0·001). The UCR was associated with pubertal stage, markers of bone metabolism, sex hormones and vitamin D status. A better vitamin K status was associated with more pronounced increase in bone mass in healthy peripubertal children. In order to determine the significance of these findings for childhood bone health, additional paediatric studies are needed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Maternal Vitamin D Status on Fetal Growth and Stunting: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-214
Author(s):  
Nareesa Karmali ◽  
Kanisha Blake ◽  
Brownmagnus Olivers ◽  
Sussan Ekejiuba ◽  
Romuladus Azuine
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Keyword Search ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Maternal Vitamin D Status

Background and Objective: Impaired fetal growth and stunting remain immense public health problems involving maternal nutrition during pregnancy, as linear growth failure in children is the most common form of undernutrition across the world. Although both are preventable through adequate prenatal care and nutrition, impaired fetal growth and stunting continue to be implicated in multiple child health morbidities, physical, and psychological functioning. Recent knowledge and requirements for normal fetal and neonatal development are lacking. This systematic review investigates the effects of maternal vitamin D status on fetal growth and stunting. Methods: We reviewed three widely-used publications databases: the National Institutes of Health’s PubMed, Clarivate Analytics’ Web of Science, and Google Scholar using pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria and keyword search strategy. Studies from 2010 to 2020 were included if they reported vitamin D levels on pregnant women, indicated growth outcomes and used quantitative measurements. We excluded non-English language studies, studies with ambiguous outcomes, studies that did not specify vitamin D intake, and studies that involved other maternal health complications. The search was implemented using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Results: Out of a total of 2,481 studies reviewed, we identified 8 studies on vitamin D and fetal growth and stunting. Published literature addressing maternal vitamin D status on fetal growth and stunting remains ambiguous. Five studies demonstrated improvements in fetal and humerus z-scores, which are known proxies for fetal growth, in groups with higher vitamin D status. Three studies found no statistical significance between vitamin D levels and fetal growth. Vitamin D status and ethnicity were correlated; vitamin D interacts with calcium levels in pregnant mothers to improve bone mineralization and fetal growth. Conclusion and Implications for Translation: Further studies are needed to understand the relationship between maternal vitamin D, ethnicity, and fetal growth and the long-term effects of maternal vitamin D levels on neonatal, early childhood, and adolescent growth.   Copyright © 2021 Karmali et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.

scholarly journals Association of maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy with bone-mineral content in offspring: a prospective cohort study

The Lancet ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 381 (9884) ◽  
pp. 2176-2183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie A Lawlor ◽  
Andrew K Wills ◽  
Abigail Fraser ◽  
Adrian Sayers ◽  
William D Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Maternal Vitamin D Status

scholarly journals School-milk intervention trial enhances growth and bone mineral accretion in Chinese girls aged 10–12 years in Beijing

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueqin DU ◽  
Kun Zhu ◽  
Angelika Trube ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Guansheng Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Intervention Trial ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Total Body Bone Mineral ◽  
Body Bone

AbstractA 2-year milk intervention trial was carried out with 757 girls, aged 10 years, from nine primary schools in Beijing (April 1999 – March 2001). Schools were randomised into three groups: group 1, 238 girls consumed a carton of 330 ml milk fortified with Ca on school days over the study period; group 2, 260 girls received the same quantity of milk additionally fortified with 5 or 8 μg cholecalciferol; group 3, 259 control girls. Anthropometric and bone mineralisation measurements, as well as dietary, health and physical-activity data, were collected at baseline and after 12 and 24 months of the trial. Over the 2-year period the consumption of this milk, with or without added cholecalciferol, led to significant increases in the changes in height (≥0·6%), sitting height (≥0·8%), body weight (≥2·9%), and (size-adjusted) total-body bone mineral content (≥1·2%) and bone mineral density (≥3·2%). Those subjects receiving additional cholecalciferol compared with those receiving the milk without added 25-hydoxycholecalciferol had significantly greater increases in the change in (size-adjusted) total-body bone mineral content (2·4v. 1·2%) and bone mineral density (5·5v. 3·2%). The milk fortified with cholecalciferol significantly improved vitamin D status at the end of the trial compared with the milk alone or control groups. It is concluded that an increase in milk consumption, e.g. by means of school milk programmes, would improve bone growth during adolescence, particularly when Ca intake and vitamin D status are low.

scholarly journals Maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and bone-mineral content in offspring

The Lancet ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 382 (9894) ◽  
pp. 766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas C Harvey ◽  
M Kassim Javaid ◽  
Hazel M Inskip ◽  
Keith M Godfrey ◽  
Cyrus Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Maternal Vitamin D Status
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