Fatty acid composition as an indicator of possible sources of nutrition for soft corals of the genusSinularia(Alcyoniidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1341-1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey B. Imbs ◽  
Nikolay A. Latyshev
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Coral Host ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Soft Corals ◽  
Fa Markers ◽  
High Level ◽  
Negligible Contribution

Fatty acids (FAs) composition of eight zooxanthellate soft corals,Sinularia leptoclados, S. flexibilis, S.aff.deformis, S. lochmodes, S. cf.muralis, S. densa, S. notandaandS. cruciatacollected in Van Phong Bay (Vietnam) were studied to identify possible origin of unsaturated FAs. The main FAs were 14:0, 16:0, 7-Me-16:1n-10, 16:1n-7, 16:2n-7, 18:0, 18:1n-9, 18:4n-3, 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3, 22:6n-3, 24:5n-6 and 24:6n-3. On the average, saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) contributed 35.6, 6.2 and 54.0% of total coral FAs, respectively. PUFAs of n-6 series predominated in all animals (n-6/n-3 > 1.6). The content of 20:4n-6 varied from 10.2 to 23.8%. The main n-3 PUFA was 18:4n-3 (on the average, 5.4%); the contribution of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, typical PUFAs of marine organisms, was not more than 2.4 and 3.9%, respectively. InSinularia, PUFAs were produced by endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae) and the coral host tissue, or obtained with food. Zooxanthellae can be considered as the source of C16PUFAs and 18:4n-3. The coral host synthesized 18:2n-7, 24:5n-6 and 24:6n-3 acids. The low content of 18:1n-7, saturated odd-chain FAs and saturated methyl-branched FAs indicated a negligible contribution of bacteria to total lipids ofSinularia. A comparison of the levels of diatom and dinoflagellate FA markers in coral and plankton lipids showed eukaryotic microalgae to play a secondary role in feeding ofSinularia. The high level of 20:4n-6 may be considered as an indicator of heterotrophic feeding ofSinularia.

scholarly journals Effect of gamma irradiation on fatty acid composition of total lipids in rabbit skin

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
S. Kostyuk ◽  
A. Busenko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Rabbit Skin

It is found that gamma radiation leads to a significant decrease in the skin of rabbits content of these fatty acids, as meristinіс, pantadekanovaya, palmitic, palmitoleic, linoleic, arachidonic, and at the end issledvany, ie 76 Tide day, the concentration of fatty acids increased, and meristinіс palmitoleic and close to the physiological norm.

Effects of dehydration and rehydration on the polar lipid and fatty acid composition of Ramonda species

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Stevanovic ◽  
Pham Thi Anh Thu ◽  
Fernando Monteiro de Paula ◽  
Jorge Vieira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Tolerant Plants ◽  
Habitat Analysis ◽  
Oleic And Linoleic Acids

Endemic Balkan species Ramonda serbica and Ramonda nathaliae (Gesneriaceae) are rare resurrection flowering plants, known to withstand repeated cycles of desiccation–rehydration in their natural habitat. Analysis of their leaf lipids and fatty acids revealed a rather small amount of total lipids (15.8 mg/g dry weight in R. serbica and 19.5 in R. nathaliae) and galactolipids, particularly the monogalactosyl-diacylglycerol, considerably poorer in linolenic acid in comparison to other flowering plants (55% for R. nathaliae and 64% for R. serbica). Severe desiccation leads to a drastic loss in total lipids (76% in R. serbica and 71.5% in R. nathaliae), especially in monogalactosyl-diacylglycerol, but the recovery is extremely rapid and thorough upon the rewetting. A shift towards the more saturated oleic and linoleic acids in galactolipids occurs at a different time and to a different degree in the two species, and it is not evenly repaired. Ramonda serbica, known to be somewhat less resistant, shows a wider range of lipid changes. Key words: lipid, fatty acids, desiccation-tolerant plants, Ramonda serbica, Ramonda nathaliae.

The fatty acid composition of Blastocladiella emersonii

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1161-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Sumner
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Neutral And Polar Lipids ◽  
Blastocladiella Emersonii ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

The fatty acid compositions of the total, neutral, and polar lipids of Blastocladiella emersonii have been determined. Major fatty acids were palmitic, oleic, linoleic, γ-linolenic, and arachidonic acid. Polar lipid contained a higher proportion of linoleic, γ-linolenic, and arachidonic acid than did neutral or total lipids, whilst neutral lipid had a high proportion of palmitic and oleic acid. In addition to γ-linolenic acid, α-linolenic acid was also present; this is the first occasion that both isomers have been demonstrated in the same fungus, and the phylogenetic possibilities of this finding are discussed.

Ultrastructure and Lipid Composition of Zooxanthellae from Tridacna maxima

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Bishop ◽  
JM Bain ◽  
WJS Downton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Plant Lipids ◽  
Tridacna Maxima ◽  
Gymnodinium Microadriaticum ◽  
Clam Tissue

Isolation of zooxanthellae (Gymnodinium microadriaticum) from clam tissue does not result in any loss of the outer limiting layers and the ultrastructure of the cell is similar to that of zooxanthellae found in other clams and corals. The major lipid components of G. microadriaticum are galactosyldiacylglycerols which comprise about 50% of the extractable lipid. The major fatty acids present are palmitic, γ-linolenic and octadecatetraenoic acids, together with a component identified as octadecapentaenoic acid. The presence of γ-linolenic acid is more representative of animal lipids than of plant lipids and there is a possibility that growth of the zooxanthella in a host tissue can affect the fatty acid composition.

scholarly journals Time-course effects of protein malnutrition on hepatic fatty acids Δ6 and Δ5 desaturation in the growing rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Narce ◽  
Jean-Pierre Poisson ◽  
Jacques Belleville ◽  
Bernard Chanussot
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Δ5 Desaturase

1. In growing rats, the time-course effects of giving a normal-protein diet (200 g casein/kg; NP) for 52 d, a low-protein diet (20 g casein/kg; LP) for 52 d and a LP diet for 26 d followed by balanced refeeding (200 g casein/kg; BR) for 26 d, on the fatty acid composition of liver total lipids and microsomal phospholipids were investigated together with Δ6- and Δ5-microsomal desaturase activities.2. The oleic acid content (mg/g tissue) of liver total lipids increased progressively with the LP diet, while linoleic acid was increased only at days 7 and 52. 20:3ω6, 20:4ω6, 22:5ω6 and 22:6ω3 fatty acids decreased during the period on the LP diet. BR for 7 d was sufficient to restore the fatty acid composition of total lipids to control values. Changes in the fatty acid composition of liver microsomal L-α-phosphatidylcholines were observed only after 52 d on the LP diet; the proportions (% w/w total fatty acids) of 18:0, 20:3ω6 and 20:4ω6 fatty acids decreased while oleic acid increased. The fatty acid composition of L-α-phosphatidylethanolamines was less affected.3. Δ6- and Δ5-desaturase activities decreased to 20–30% of their original values after 2 d on the LP diet; a smaller deficit prevailed after 14 d but disappeared after 25 d, to appear again after 52 d. As early as day 2 of BR, desaturase activities were greatly recovered and returned to control values at day 13.4. The present work shows that modifications in microsomal Δ6- and Δ5-desaturase activities are not strictly paralleled by the changes in the composition of fatty acids of liver total lipids and microsomal phospholipids.

The fatty acid composition of some Sphagnum species

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristiina Koskimies ◽  
Liisa Kaarina Simola
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Sphagnum Fimbriatum

The fatty acid composition of total lipids was studied in gametophytes of Sphagnum fimbriatum, S. majus, S. magellanicum and S. nemoreum cultivated aseptically at a constant temperature of 25 °C. It was found to be very similar in these four bog mosses, and also fairly similar to that of other bryophytes. The lipid content of these species was about 6% of the weight of the freeze-dried plant material. The fatty acid composition of different lipid fractions (neutral, glyco-, and phospholipids) was studied in S. fimbriatum and S. majus. Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5) is abundant (~ 40%) in the triglycerides, and arachidonic acid (20:4) (30%) in the steryl and methyl ester fraction. Linolenic acid (18:3) formed about 60% of the fatty acids in the mono- and digalactosyl diglycerides. This fatty acid occurs only in low concentrations (~ 10%) in the triglycerides. Palmitic (16:0) and linoleic (18:2) acids are the most important fatty acids of the phospholipids.

scholarly journals Effect of biological variables and capture period on the proximate composition and fatty acid composition of the dorsal muscle tissue of Hypophthalmus edentatus (Spix, 1829)

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Regina Netto de Oliveira ◽  
Angelo Antonio Agostinho ◽  
Makoto Matsushita
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Dorsal Muscle ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Long Chain

This study analyzed the chemical composition of the dorsal muscle tissue of Hypophthalmus edentatus, in particular, fatty acids of the lipidic fraction, and its relationship with the biological variables and the capture period. The average values for moisture, ash, protein and total lipids were 63.15, 1.11, 14.27 and 17.24%, respectively. In the lipidic fraction, 35 fatty acids were identified, the most abundant being: 16:0, 18:1omega9, 18:0, 16:1omega7, 18:3omega3, DHA and EPA. The totals of respectively saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were 41.15, 35.30 and 23.88%. The PUFA/SFA ratio was equal to 0.68 and the omega3/ omega6 ratio equal to 1.98. The PCA demonstrated that the long chain PUFAs contributed positively to the formation of the first axis. The CCA showed some effects of the biological factors (weight, reproductive cycle, sex) and the capture period on the variation of total lipids and some fatty acids.

Platelet Aggregation in Finnish Men and Its Relation to Fatty Acids in Platelets, Plasma and Adipose Tissue

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
M K Salo ◽  
E Vartiainen ◽  
P Puska ◽  
T Nikkari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Ω3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryPlatelet aggregation and its relation to fatty acid composition of platelets, plasma and adipose tissue was determined in 196 randomly selected, free-living, 40-49-year-old men in two regions of Finland (east and southwest) with a nearly twofold difference in the IHD rate.There were no significant east-southwest differences in platelet aggregation induced with ADP, thrombin or epinephrine. ADP-induced platelet secondary aggregation showed significant negative associations with all C20-C22 ω3-fatty acids in platelets (r = -0.26 - -0.40) and with the platelet 20: 5ω3/20: 4ω 6 and ω3/ ω6 ratios, but significant positive correlations with the contents of 18:2 in adipose tissue (r = 0.20) and plasma triglycerides (TG) (r = 0.29). Epinephrine-induced aggregation correlated negatively with 20: 5ω 3 in plasma cholesteryl esters (CE) (r = -0.23) and TG (r = -0.29), and positively with the total percentage of saturated fatty acids in platelets (r = 0.33), but had no significant correlations with any of the ω6-fatty acids. Thrombin-induced aggregation correlated negatively with the ω3/6ω ratio in adipose tissue (r = -0.25) and the 20: 3ω6/20: 4ω 6 ratio in plasma CE (r = -0.27) and free fatty acids (FFA) (r = -0.23), and positively with adipose tissue 18:2 (r = 0.23) and 20:4ω6 (r = 0.22) in plasma phospholipids (PL).The percentages of prostanoid precursors in platelet lipids, i. e. 20: 3ω 6, 20: 4ω 6 and 20 :5ω 3, correlated best with the same fatty acids in plasma CE (r = 0.32 - 0.77) and PL (r = 0.28 - 0.74). Platelet 20: 5ω 3 had highly significant negative correlations with the percentage of 18:2 in adipose tissue and all plasma lipid fractions (r = -0.35 - -0.44).These results suggest that, among a free-living population, relatively small changes in the fatty acid composition of plasma and platelets may be reflected in significant differences in platelet aggregation, and that an increase in linoleate-rich vegetable fat in the diet may not affect platelet function favourably unless it is accompanied by an adequate supply of ω3 fatty acids.

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