scholarly journals The birth weight of rabbits born after heterospermic insemination

1960 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Beatty
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Enhancement Effect ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Prenatal Growth ◽  
Mature Weight ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Object Of Study

1. Two rabbit sires were used for insemination of sixty-eight females. Insemination was either homospermic (one sire at a time) or heterospermic (mixed semen from the two sires). Each offspring could be traced to its sire by genetic marks. The sires differed in weight and were known to give offspring differing in mature weight and named Large and Small offspring. The object of study was the birth weight of these offspring in logarithmic transformation.2. After heterospermic insemination, there was no evidence of any real ‘heterospermic vigour’ in the average birth weight of the litter as a whole.3. After heterospermic insemination, the difference in birth weight between the two kinds of offspring was accentuated (enhancement effect). This confirms a previous experiment.4. The enhancement effect is ascribed to competition among embryos. It is not attributable to postulated changes in the gestation period. It appears to arise from an increase in the birth weight of Large offspring, together with a possible decrease in the birth weight of Small offspring. These changes in birth weight are attributable to changes in prenatal growth rate.5. The bearing of this work on Russian experiments with heterospermie insemination is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Birth Weight and Sex on Pre-Weaning Growth Rate of Piglets

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Škorjanc ◽  
M. Brus ◽  
M. Čandek Potokar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Clustering Approach ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Weight Groups

Abstract. A study was conducted to find out the effect of birth weight and sex on growth rate of piglets in pre-weaning period. A total of 466 piglets from 48 litters of multiparous sows (Landrace) were involved in the experiment. Using a clustering approach piglets were assigned into three birth weight groups (Heavy (H), Intermediate (I), Light (L)). For the analysis of growth performance, pigs were weighed every 7 days until weaning at 28 days of age and average daily gain (ADG) was calculated. During lactation, body weight of L piglets was 5.5-fold increased, whereas the increase in I and H piglets were only 4.7-fold and 3.4-fold, respectively. Piglets of L group were significantly lighter at all studied ages compared to piglets of I and H group. The highest ADG was noted in the second week for all three groups; thereafter it decreased in H and L piglets (24% and 17%, respectively). The average birth weight of piglets was positively and significantly correlated with body weight at days 7, 14, 21 and 28. Sex did not affect significantly the ADG of the investigated animals during the four weeks of lactation. The present results indicate that neither milk production after the second week of lactation nor consumption of creep feed are sufficient enough to cover nutrition needs of fast growing piglets. There’s still a lack of optimization of nutrition in pre-weaning period especially for heavier piglets with their higher growth potential.

PREWEANING GROWTH OF YOUNG AND THE WEIGHT OF MAMMARY GLANDS OF MOTHER MICE

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiro Nagai
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Average Body

A complete diallel using three inbred strains of mice (C3H/He, C57BL/6J and SWR/J) was made to examine preweaning growth of young, the weight of mammary glands of mothers and the relationship between them. Litter sizes were standardized to either six or eight at birth.The differences between strain-of-dam, strain-of-sire and litter size groups in average body weight of full sibs at 12 days were not significant. The difference between litter size groups in weight of dried-defatted mammary gland of mothers 12 days after delivery (DDMW) was significant. When average birth weight was fixed, the partial correlation between DDMW and 12-day weight, calculated within litter size and mating class, was +0.54. Heterosis in average birth weight and 12-day weight was observed. Relationships between preweaning growth criteria are discussed.

Relationships between pre-weaning growth, post-weaning growth and mature body size in Chios sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Mavrogenis ◽  
A. Constantinou
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Mature Weight ◽  
Chios Sheep ◽  
Birth Type

ABSTRACTThe study examined early measures of growth and their relationships with mature body size. Data on 792 purebred females of the Chios breed, born and reared on two experimental farms between 1978 and 1986, were analysed. Pedigree information and records on live weight at birth, at weaning, 105 days of age and at first and subsequent matings was recorded. There were flock-year differences for all traits studied (P < 0·01) and birth type was important for all traits except post-weaning growth rate. Dam lactation number had no significant effect on birth weight and pre-weaning growth rate, but it significantly affected all subsequent weights and post-weaning growth rate. Estimated heritabilities increased with age and ranged from 0·13 (s.e. 0·14) (birth weight) to 0·30 (s.e. 0·15) (mature weight). Genetic correlations were generally positive between weights and growth traits. Phenotypic correlations were positive and followed the pattern of the genetic correlations. The results suggest that selection for 105-day weight will result in increased mature weight.

scholarly journals Effect of genetic and environmental factors on the phenotype characteristics of lambs

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Petrovic ◽  
Caro Petrovic ◽  
D. Ruzic-Muslic ◽  
N. Maksimovic ◽  
M.M. Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Package Program ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of environmental factors affecting body weight variability of lambs in two crossbreed groups: Pirot x W?rttemberg and Sjenica x W?rttemberg. Both populations were managed under the same farm conditions. The data were analyzed to determine the effect of age of the dam, weight of dam, birth type, sex, year and season, on the birth weight and weaning weight of crossbreed lambs. Statistical analysis was performed by GLM procedure using the SPSS statistical package program. The average birth weight of Pirot x W?rttemberg lambs was 3.56 kg while Sjenica x W?rttemberg lambs was slightly higher at 3.69 kg. The difference on birth weight between the two crosses was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The average weaning weight of Pirot x W?rttemberg lambs was 23.54 kg while Sjenica x W?rttemberg lambs had higher weight at 24.37 kg. The difference of 0.83 kg on weaning weight was statistically significant (P <0.05). Body weight, depending on the environmental factors, ranged from 3.17 to 3.96 kg at birth and from 22.12 to 24.18 kg at weaning in Pirot x W?rttemberg lambs. Body weight of Sjenica x W?rttemberg lambs ranged from 3.39 to 3.99 kg at birth and from 22.69 to 25.44 kg at weaning. Statistical analysis showed that the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) and highly significant (P<0.01).

Erythropoiesis of very low-birth-weight infants dependent on prenatal growth rate and protein status

1994 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Kivivuori ◽  
AL Järvenpää ◽  
L Salmenperä ◽  
L Viinikka ◽  
MA Siimes
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Prenatal Growth ◽  
Protein Status

scholarly journals A STUDY OF GROWTH RATE OF WADARA CALVES IN THE SUB-SAHELIAN REGION OF BORNO STATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
J. A. Ibeawuchi ◽  
I. D. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Regression Function ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Linear Regression Function ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The University

Data on birth weight and growth rate from birth to 12 months of age of 90 Wadara calves maintained at the University of Maiduguri Livestock Farm from 1980 - 1987 period were studied. Mean birth weight was 25.5±2.6kg; 26.7 ±2.04kg for 40 males and 24.3±3.19kg for 50 females. The linear regression function was fitted on monthly body weight in two parts: 0-6 months and 6-12 months. Maximum gain in body weight was attained during 6 to 12 months of age in the male (8.30±0.50kg) and 0 to 6 months in the female (0.54±1.07kg). The difference in the rate of gain between the periods to 6 and 6 to 12 months in each of the sexes was highly significant (P< 0.01). Body weights at birth and at various ages were higher (P < 0.05) for the male than the female calves. The relative growth rate was rapid in both sexes during the first 3 months and was appreciable to the 7th month of age before declining progressively. The value in the first quarter was 18.0± 1.86 and 20.2 ± 1.60 percent for the male and female calves respectively.

SEX DIFFERENCES IN GROWTH OF GUINEA-PIGS AND THEIR MODIFICATION BY NEONATAL GONADECTOMY AND PRENATALLY ADMINISTERED ANDROGEN

1973 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. SLOB ◽  
R. W. GOY ◽  
J. J. van der WERFF ten BOSCH
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Stimulatory Action ◽  
Prenatal Growth ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference

SUMMARY One group of animals received androgen prenatally, by daily s.c. injections of 5 mg testosterone propionate (TP) to the doe on days 24 to 41 inclusive of pregnancy, while a second group remained untreated. Some animals of each group were gonadectomized on the day of birth (= day 1) or on day 2. Weight at birth served as a measure of prenatal growth. Comparisons were made between animals born in litters of identical size. Postnatal growth was studied by weighing the animals at 5-day intervals until the age of 130 days. Comparisons were made between groups of animals that were matched for their weights at birth. At birth males from TP-treated mothers were heavier than their sisters and heavier than control males. After birth, control males grew at faster rates than control females. This difference was not affected by neonatal gonadectomy, but from pubertal age onward the difference decreased and gonadectomized males and females were similar in growth. Female pseudohermaphrodites (from TP-treated mothers), both intact and neonatally ovariectomized, had growth curves similar to those of appropriate male controls at prepubertal ages; at postpubertal ages they were not significantly different from their female counterparts. It is concluded that the sex difference in the rate of prepubertal growth is determined by the absence or presence of androgens before birth, and that the difference in postpubertal growth rate is caused by the stimulatory action of the testes and inhibitory action of the ovaries. It was further found that normal female guinea-pigs have a secondary spurt in growth rate, some time after puberty, whereas in males this was much less clear.

Studies on Awassi sheep in Lebanon:I. Production traits of a flock

1971 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knud Rottensten ◽  
Franklin Ampy
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Awassi Sheep ◽  
Mature Weight

SUMMARY1. The Awassi ewes reached an average live weight of 45 kg at two years of age and a mature weight of 57 kg at four years of age.2. The average yearly production of grease wool has been 2·2 kg.3. When rams were kept with the flock throughout the year approximately 60% of the lambings occurred during January–February. It declined rapidly during the following months and no lambs were born in July–August.4. Single lambs had an average birth weight of 4·6 kg for males and 4·3 for females. Twin lambs were about 20% lighter than singles. The corresponding weaning weight at two months of age was 17·9 and 16·8 for singles and 13·4 and 12·4 for twins.5. The twinning rate increased from 5% at first lambing to 30–35% at 6th lambing, when the ewes were about seven years old.

scholarly journals Reproductive performance of Black Bengal goat under semi-intensive and extensive condition in Rajshahi district of Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Jahid Hasan ◽  
Jalal Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Md Mahmudul Alam ◽  
Mohammad Liaquat Osman Mojumder ◽  
Md Showkat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
The Status ◽  
Age At Puberty ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Black Bengal Goat

The present study was carried out to investigate the status of different reproductive parameters of Black Bengal in a rural area of Mukterpur under Charghat Upazilla of Rajshahi district during the period of July to December/2012. A total of 200 Black Bengal goats under both semi-intensive (n=100) and extensive condition (n=100) were selected on the basis of age, weight, body shape and conformation. The average age at puberty was 197.82±12.58 days and age at first conception was 292.96±0.50 days under semi-intensive condition whereas 208.82±12.60 days and 287.65±0.52 days under extensive condition. Age at first kidding was 448.26±25.48 days under semi-intensive condition whereas under extensive condition it was 450.07±22.43 days. Average litter size in the first, second and third parity was 1.06, 1.76 and 1.96, respectively under semi-intensive condition whereas under extensive condition, these were 1.01, 1.76 and 1.96, respectively. The average kidding interval of goats under semi-intensive and extensive conditions were 190.2±20 and 178.23±.50 days, respectively and the difference between these two was statistically significant (p<0.01). Sex ratio of male and female kids born was found to be 56 : 44, 44 : 56 and 55 : 45 in the first, second and third parity, respectively under semi-intensive condition whereas, it was 55 : 45, 48 : 52 and 54 : 56 in the first, second and third parity, respectively under extensive condition. The usual numbers of kids at one time in Black Bengal goats varied from single to quadruplet. Average post partum weight of does was higher under semi-intensive condition than extensive condition which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Age of kid mortality was more in first parity under one month of age but gradually decreased with the age of kids under both semi-intensive condition and extensive condition. The average birth weight of kids was 1.28 ± 0.11 kg and 1.25 ± 0.10 kg under semi-intensive and extensive condition respectively which was statistically significant (p<0.01). Average birth weight of male was higher than female under both conditions. Kid mortality increased from 2 to 21% with the increase of parity. Birth weight of kids was higher in July-October and kid mortality was higher in winter season. The age at puberty was found earlier in summer season than others seasons under both semi-intensive and extensive conditions. Reproductive performances of Black Bengal goat were better in third parity than that of the first and second parity under both conditions.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(1): 22-30

THE INFLUENCE OF PLACENTAL SIZE ON FOETAL GROWTH ACCORDING TO SEX AND ORDER OF BIRTH

1953 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS McKEOWN ◽  
R. G. RECORD
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference

SUMMARY 1. The association between foetal growth and placental weight according to sex and order of birth is examined in single pregnancy in man. Data recorded are: birth weight (on 13,020 births); birth weight and placental weight (on 4931); and weights at birth and at 3 and 6 months after birth (on 405). 2. From 30 to 31 weeks' gestation, the earliest period examined, males are heavier than females. There is little difference between mean weights of first and later born until 36–37 weeks, from which time later born are heavier than first born (Fig. 1). 3. From 34 to 35 weeks (the earliest period from which numbers permit the comparison) mean placental weights are greater for males than for females, and for later born than for first born (Fig. 2). 4. At a given weight of placenta males are heavier than females (Fig. 3); there is little difference between weights of first and later born at placental weights under 1½ lb., but at higher placental weights later born are heavier than first born (Fig. 4). 5. The difference between growth rates of males and females is of course determined genetically. It is suggested that it may be explained by the observations that (a) the placenta is larger for males than for females, and (b) males make a greater use than females of a unit weight of placenta. The sex difference in growth rate is exhibited after birth (Fig. 5). 6. The difference between foetal growth rates of first and later born is determined by the pre-natal environment. It may be explained largely, though not entirely, by the fact that the placenta is larger for later born than for first born. The difference in growth rate is reversed after birth, and at 6 months first born are as heavy as later born (Fig. 5).

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