Intervalidation of Dendrochronology and 14C Dating on a 700-yr Tree-Ring Sequence Originating from the Eastern Carpathians

Radiocarbon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1337-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela O Sava ◽  
Ionel Popa ◽  
Tiberiu B Sava ◽  
Aurelia Meghea ◽  
Cristian Mănăilescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Pinus Cembra ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
Ordered Tree ◽  
Cross Matching

ABSTRACTWe present a comparative study on a 700-yr sequence of dendrochronologically ordered tree-rings of Pinus cembra originating from Eastern Carpathians for the period AD 1009–1709. This period covers the solar minima of the Little Ice Age. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of our radiocarbon (14C) determinations interpreted on the IntCal13 calibration data and to observe any apparent offsets. The 14C measurements on single and double tree-rings were “wiggle-matched” to secure the dendrochronology cross-matching of all the Pinus cembra wood pieces. The results showed a very good agreement between the age datasets for four out of five wood trunks. However, for one of them a new cross-matching was performed after a quality assurance test, establishing an earlier 48-yr position, recommended by wiggle-matching Bayesian statistics and dendrochronological analysis. Following this adjustment, the quantification of the 14C level variability with respect to the IntCal13 calibration curve was obtained by calculating Δ14C for all tree-ring samples. As a final conclusion, an insignificant 14C concentration offset of –0.63 ± 3.76‰ was found for the Romanian samples.

A New Annual 14C Dataset for Calibrating the Thera Eruption

Radiocarbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 953-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny Friedrich ◽  
Bernd Kromer ◽  
Lukas Wacker ◽  
Jesper Olsen ◽  
Sabine Remmele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Tree Ring Chronology ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Oak Tree ◽  
Thera Eruption

ABSTRACTAnnually resolved tree-ring samples of the time period 1625–1510 BCE were analyzed from the German oak tree-ring chronology. Blocks of the same tree rings were previously used to generate IntCal calibration data. The new dataset shows an offset to the calibration data IntCal13 of 24 years and resembles annual data for the same time period derived from tree-ring records in other growth locations. A subset of samples of the period 1625–1585 BCE was additionally measured in three other laboratories (ETH, AAR, AA) for quality control.

Reconstructing snow-avalanche activity with tree rings in Maramureş Mountains (Eastern Carpathians, Romania)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armelle Decaulne ◽  
Ionela-Georgiana Răchită ◽  
Mihai Hotea ◽  
Vasile Timur Chiş ◽  
Olimpiu Traian Pop
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Snow Avalanche ◽  
Snow Avalanches ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
Joint Research Project ◽  
Callus Tissues

<p> <span>Snow avalanches </span>represent a common phenomenon <span>in Maramureş Mountains (Eastern Carpathians, Romania)</span> where they <span>occur frequently on higher steep slopes and reach in the runout zones the valley bottoms below 1000 m a.s.l. The presence of particular topo-climatic conditions influences the patterns of avalanche activity in terms of past frequency and spatial extent along the slope valleys. As the past snow-avalanche activity is not documented by written reports in the area, reliable information about avalanche history is missing. </span>However, the slopes are forested, trees repeatedly disturbed by snow avalanches record evidence of past events. <span>For this study we reconstructed the avalanche activity using tree rings as a source of proxy data. To date the snow-avalanche history, dendrochronological investigations have been carried out in two avalanche paths, along which living trees showed clear external signs of past disturbances related to mechanical impacts produced by snow avalanches. In each investigated path, a total number of 52 and respectively 118 trees have been sampled and their spatial position recorded with a GPS device. Tree-growth </span>anomalies (e.g. scars, callus tissues, the onset sequences of tangential rows of traumatic resin ducts, compression wood, growth suppression and release sequences) <span>related to snow avalanche disturbance identified within tree rings served to reconstruct past events with an annual resolution. The results indicate that, apart the 2005 major event witnessed and also confirmed by tree-ring dating, multiple other events have been reconstructed since the beginning of 20</span><sup><span>th</span></sup><span> century. Despite some inherent limitations of tree-ring methods in reconstructing past avalanche events, these dendrochronological investigations confirm their utility in deciphering the patterns of avalanche activity in Maramureş Mountains. Tree-ring studies contribute to a better understanding of the role of topographical and climatic factors which influence the spatio-temporal occurrence of snow avalanches.</span></p><p><span>This study represents a contribution to the joint research project 09-AUF, </span><span>‘‘</span><span><em>Activité des avalanches de neige dans les Carpates Orientales Roumaines et Ukrainiennes - </em></span><span> ACTIVNEIGE</span><span>’’</span><span>, co-funded by the </span><span><em>Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF)</em></span><span> and </span><span><em>Institutul de Fizică Atomică (IFA), Romania</em></span><span>.</span></p>

scholarly journals Radiocarbon/Tree-Ring Calibration, Solar Activity, and Upwelling of Ocean Water

Radiocarbon ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 987-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
F B Knox ◽  
B G McFadgen
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Ocean Water ◽  
Smooth Curves ◽  
The North ◽  
Oceanic Upwelling

Least-squares fitted smooth curves to radiocarbon versus tree-ring calibration data for the period AD 1140 to 1950 are compared with climatic warming and cooling of the North Atlantic (Little Ice Age), and with recorded sunspot numbers over the period AD 1670 to 1950.Calibration curves from different parts of the globe are not identical, and appear to be determined by a combination of variable solar activity and variable oceanic upwelling of 14C-depleted water, with the variable upwelling itself partly determined by solar activity.

scholarly journals Improved Precision 14C Measurements and Natural 14C Variations Around 10,000 Cal BP

Radiocarbon ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 833-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Goslar ◽  
Mieczysław F Pazdur
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Calibration Data

Thirty-one samples of 5 tree rings from a single oak trunk with 300 tree rings were measured with improved precision to study natural 14C variations in the period from ca 9750 – 10,050 cal bp. Negative correlation was found between Δ 14C values and tree-ring indices. The pattern of 14C changes in the studied interval closely resembles the changes observed in several periodically spanned intervals within the limits of high-precision calibration data sets.

scholarly journals 14C Concentrations of Single-Year Tree Rings from About 22,000 Years Ago Obtained Using A Highly Accurate Measuring Method

Radiocarbon ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 949-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Gandou ◽  
Hirohisa Sakurai ◽  
Wataru Katoh ◽  
Yousuke Takahashi ◽  
Syuichi Gunji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Ring Sample ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Counting Statistics ◽  
Calendar Dates

We have measured the radiocarbon concentrations in single-yr tree rings of old wood by accelerated mass spectrometry (AMS) using a multicathode. The 14C concentrations of 10 single-yr tree rings were measured in 100 tree rings at intervals of 10. For each single-yr tree-ring sample, typically 80 measurements of the 14C concentrations were carried out using multicathodes. The sample standard deviations indicated that there are other fluctuations of typically 1.5%, in addition to the fluctuation of the Poisson counting statistics which is typically 3% for each measurement. The average 14C date of the tree rings was 22,130 ± 306 BP for all 624 data of single-yr tree-ring samples measured by the multicathodes. From the calibration data of Lake Suigetsu, the calendar dates of these 100 tree rings were located between 25,400 cal BP and 26,150 cal BP. The 14C dates changed between 21,979 BP and 22,272 BP, with an error of approximately 50 BP, corresponding to a precision of approximately 0.5%. There was a step with a change of approximately 144 BP for each 10 yr in the time profile.

scholarly journals 14C Calibration in the Southern Hemisphere and the Date of the Last Taupo Eruption: Evidence from Tree-Ring Sequences

Radiocarbon ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Sparks ◽  
W. H. Melhuish ◽  
J.W. A. McKee ◽  
John Ogden ◽  
J. G. Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Systematic Difference ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Northern And Southern Hemispheres

Tree rings from a section of Prumnopitys taxifolia (matai) covering the period ad 1335–1745 have been radiocarbon dated and used to generate a 14C calibration curve for southern hemisphere wood. Comparison of this curve with calibration data for northern hemisphere wood does not show a systematic difference between 14C ages measured in the northern and southern hemispheres. A floating chronology covering 270 yr and terminating at the last Taupo (New Zealand) eruption, derived from a sequence of 10-yr samples of tree rings from Phyllocladus trichomanoides (celery pine, or tanekaha), is also consistent with the absence of a systematic north-south difference, and together with the matai data, fixes the date of the Taupo eruption at ad 232 ± 15.

scholarly journals 14C Dating of ∼2500-Yr-Old Choukai Jindai Cedar Tree Rings from Japan Using Highly Accurate LSC Measurement

Radiocarbon ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirohisa Sakurai ◽  
Wataru Kato ◽  
Yosuke Takahashi ◽  
Kayo Suzuki ◽  
Yui Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Rings ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Far East ◽  
Outer Edge ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Cellulose Sample ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Far East

Radiocarbon ages of 8 decadal tree rings and 66 single-yr tree rings have been measured with a highly accurate liquid scintillation counting (LSC) system (0.2% error) after synthesizing 10.5 g of benzene for each α-cellulose sample produced from tree rings of Choukai Jindai cedar in Japan (39°N). The 14C ages were between 2449 and 2539 14C yr BP for the 21 samples. From the wiggle-matching of the data set using the IntCal04 (Reimer et al. 2004) calibration data in OxCal v 3.10 (Bronk Ramsey 2005), the estimated age of the outer edge of the Choukai tree rings was 477.5 BC (±12.5 yr) with a confidence level of 95.5%; hence, the Choukai tree rings range from 2757 to 2437 cal BP. The age indicates an improved eruption date of the Choukai Volcano. The statistical errors at 1 σ are approximately ± 10 and ± 7 14C yr for the 5-yr data and the decadal data from the single-yr measurements, respectively. For the interval between 2580 and 2520 cal BP, it is statistically significant that the Choukai 14C ages are ∼16 14C yr older on average than both the IntCal04 and QL German oak (∼50°N) data sets. The ∼2.0% offset is informative for the study of regional offset in the Far East.

Dendrochronological dating of landslides in western Oregon: Searching for signals of the Cascadia A.D. 1700 earthquake

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1775-1791
Author(s):  
William T. Struble ◽  
Joshua J. Roering ◽  
Bryan A. Black ◽  
William J. Burns ◽  
Nancy Calhoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Oregon Coast Range ◽  
Oregon Coast ◽  
Tree Ring Analysis ◽  
Ring Analysis

Abstract Large-magnitude earthquakes and hydrologic events in mountainous settings commonly trigger thousands of landslides, and slope failures typically constitute a significant proportion of the damage associated with these events. Large, dormant deep-seated landslides are ubiquitous in the Oregon Coast Range, western United States, yet a method for calculating landslide ages with the precision required to diagnose a specific triggering event, including the A.D. 1700 Cascadia earthquake, has remained elusive. Establishing a compelling connection between prehistoric slope instability and specific triggers requires landslide ages with precision greater than that provided by 14C dating of detrital materials. Tree-ring analysis is the only known method capable of determining landslide age with this precision. Dozens of landslide-dammed lakes in western Oregon present an opportunity to use tree rings from drowned snags, or “ghost forests,” to establish the year of death, and thus landsliding. We cross-dated tree-ring indices from drowned Douglas fir trees with live tree-ring records from the Oregon Coast Range that exhibit synchronous, time-specific patterns due to regional climate variations. Our analyses determined that the landslides responsible for creating Wasson and Klickitat Lakes occurred in A.D. 1819 and 1751, respectively. The 14C dates from selected tree rings and landslide deposit detritus are consistent with our tree-ring analysis, although the ages exhibit high variability, revealing the limitations of using 14C dating alone. Because dendrochronology provides annual precision for landsliding, sampling of tree rings at additional landslide-dammed lakes throughout the Oregon Coast Range can be used to constrain the potential effects of ground motion and major storms on Cascadia landscapes.

scholarly journals Regional Offset of Radiocarbon Concentration and Its Variation in the Korean Atmosphere from AD 1650–1850

Radiocarbon ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 753-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Hong ◽  
Jung Hun Park ◽  
Gyujun Park ◽  
Ki Suk Sung ◽  
Won Kyu Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Concentration Variation ◽  
Northern Pacific

A series of annual tree-ring measurements has been performed in order to reconstruct the radiocarbon concentration variation in the Korean atmosphere from AD 1650 to 1850. The absolute ages of the samples were determined using dendrochronology. Alpha-cellulose extraction was applied to prepare the tree-ring samples for precise 14C measurement. The 14C concentrations of the tree rings were then plotted with the dendrochronological ages and showed that during the period AD 1650–1850, the discrepancy in 14C concentration in the Korean atmosphere from IntCal data is small enough to use IntCal data without any further correction. This is nearly one third of the average offset of the 400 yr from AD 1250 to 1650. One of the probable causes for the regional offset around Korea is the contribution of 14C-depleted CO2 released from the northern Pacific Ocean, where old deep water upwells to the surface. It is likely that the release rate of 14C-depleted CO2 decreased due to the temperature change during the Little Ice Age.

scholarly journals Tree-Ring Analysis of Intermediate Hawthorn (Crataegus media Bechst.) in NW Poland

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Anna Cedro ◽  
Bernard Cedro
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Incremental Growth ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Ring Analysis ◽  
Uncultivated Land ◽  
Nw Poland

Intermediate hawthorn (Crataegus × media Bechst.) is broadly distributed in Europe but very rarely examined by dendrochronologists. In NW Poland, it is one of three naturally occurring hawthorn species, growing mainly at forest margins, along roads, in mid-field woodlots, and on uncultivated land. Biocenotically, it is a very valuable species. This study aimed to determine the age of trees, tree-ring dynamics, and growth–climate relationship for intermediate hawthorn. Signature years were also determined. Samples for analysis were collected from 22 trees growing in a typical agricultural landscape in a monospecific mid-field woodlot comprised of several hundred specimens of various ages and forms (shrubs and trees). Using classic methods of dendrochronological dating, a 40-year long chronology spanning 1981–2020 was constructed. The radial growth rate of intermediate hawthorn is comparable to other tree species forming stands in NW Poland and equals 2.41 mm/year. Considerable intersubject variability is noted, from 1.48 to 4.44 mm/year. The chronology was also used for dendroclimatological analyses, including correlation and response function and signature years. Of the meteorological parameters analyzed, annual incremental growth in hawthorn is the most strongly shaped by precipitation totals from May to August of the current vegetation year: high rainfall favors the formation of wide tree-rings. Statistically significant growth–climate relationships were also obtained for winter months (December of the preceding vegetation year, January and February), for which period negative correlation and regression values are noted for air temperature and insolation. Furthermore, high precipitation, low-temperature and low insolation late in the preceding vegetation year (especially in August) make a positive influence on the condition of trees in the upcoming growing season. Signature year analysis clearly pointed to precipitation as the dominant factor in shaping tree-rings in the studied hawthorn population. As there are no dendrochronological papers concerning indigenous hawthorn species, future studies should be expanded to include diverse geographic locations and habitat conditions and should include all three species of hawthorn occurring in Poland.

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