Organic Matter of Cultural Layers as a Material for Radiocarbon Dating

Radiocarbon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1931-1944 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Zazovskaya ◽  
V Shishkov ◽  
A Dolgikh ◽  
A Alexndrovskiy ◽  
V Skripkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Natural Zones ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
Closed Systems ◽  
Physical Stabilization

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on radiocarbon (14C) dating of the organic matter (OM) of natural-anthropogenic objects—the cultural layers (CLs) of archaeological sites. Using examples from three ancient sites located within the European part of Russia, in southern taiga and forest-steppe natural zones, we demonstrate approaches to the interpretation of 14C dating of OM derived from the organomineral material of the CLs studied. We use the term “archaeological humus” as defined as the OM formed within the CL from “anthropogenic matter” (i.e., organic residues that were produced during the past human occupation of the site) without or with negligible contribution of OM inherited from pre-anthropogenic stages of pedogenesis. The archaeological humus is formed within closed or semi-closed systems by the processes of humification and physical stabilization of OM. The use of hierarchical (from macro- to submicro-) morphological investigations at one of the sites (Gnezdovo) combined with 14C dating allowed conclusions to be drawn about the age of formation of different OM components in CLs.

scholarly journals Sedimentary Landscape of Mun Valley Prehistoric Site: Construction History of Moated Site of Ban Non Wat, Northeast Thailand

Quaternary ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Nelum Kanthilatha ◽  
William Boyd ◽  
Nigel Chang
Keyword(s):  
Social Activity ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Particle Analysis ◽  
Northeast Thailand ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
Archaeological Sediments

This research examines the sedimentological evidence of human occupation on different cultural layers at the prehistoric archaeological sites in northeast Thailand. This study focuses on the sedimentological characters of stratigraphic layers identified at the prehistoric occupation sites of Ban Non Wat and Nong Hua Raet, to demonstrate the capacity of such analyses to elucidate the modification of sediments by past anthropogenic activity, and eventually to contribute to an enhanced understanding of the behaviour of ancient people. The primary intention of this paper is, therefore, to point out potential uses of particle analysis in identifying human–landscape interventions, testing whether meaningful differentiation is possible, and if not, whether this may nevertheless be used to understand the sedimentological relationships between different features. The study finds that although there is relatively little differentiation between sediments across the archaeological site, some insight is possible in identifying relationships between the natural sediments of the floodplain, the channels associated with the archaeological sites, and the archaeological sediments themselves. It is, for example, now possible to raise new questions regarding the construction history of the sites, the history of human behaviour at these sites, socio-spatial relationships between paleo-social activity and natural resources, and fine-scale landscape associations between sites.

scholarly journals IXODES TICK-BORNE BORRELIOSES: MODERN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION IN THE CENTER OF THE EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-208
Author(s):  
М. V. Polishchuk ◽  
T. D. Zdol'nik ◽  
V. N. Smetanin
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
European Part ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Ixodes tick-borne borrelioses occupy one of the leading places in terms of morbidity and socio-economic damage among the natural foci of zoonotic infections in our country. Expansion of the range distribution of pathogens Lyme disease along with the widespread increase in the size of the main vectors of infection (ticks) determines the relevance of the study of the epidemiological characteristics of Lyme disease in areas that until recently were considered safe from the disease. This study was conducted to identify the level, dynamics and disease distribution patterns of Ixodes tick-born borreliosis in areas of Сentral European part of Russia, located in different climatic zones. Based on statistical data and reports from the Russian Federal Service for Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare- Rospotrebnadzor and Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Moscow, Ryazan and Tula regions for the 1992-2015 years, it has been shown that the incidence of Lyme disease increases moving from south to north as well as from the forest-steppe natural-climatic zone to the southern Taiga zone. The most epidemiologically disadvantaged region by Ixodes tick-born borreliosis amongst the studied regions was Moscow region, where the average annual incidence rate was 2,6 per 100 000 population. In all three areas, despite the differences in the species composition of mites and their degree of infection, there is an annual increase in morbidity due to Lyme borreliosis. The findings confirm the need for preventive measures against Ixodes tick-born borreliosis, the most significant being territorial coverage with acaricidal treatments.

Epidemiological features of ixodes tick-borne borrelioses in the regions of the center of the European part of Russia

2017 ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
M.V. Polishchuk ◽  
T.D. Zdol'nik
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
European Part ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ixodes Persulcatus ◽  
The North ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Natural Foci

The analysis of the level and long-term dynamics of the incidence of ixodic tick-borne borreliosis, the population's appeal for tick bites and the infection of mites with Borrelia burgdorferi sl. in the Moscow, Ryazan and Tula regions. An annual increase in the incidence of Lyme disease in the direction from the south to the north, from the forest-steppe to the southern taiga, was determined, due to the frequency of contacts of the population with Ixodes persulcatus Shulze 1930 and I. ricinus L. 1758. At the same time, a statistically significant relationship between the incidence of mites infection and the incidence of Lyme disease in The studied regions are not observed. The obtained results testify to a tense epidemic situation in the center of the European part of Russia and the need to implement all components of surveillance for the natural foci of the Lyme disease.

scholarly journals Environmental evolution, faunal and human occupation since 2 Ma in the Anagni basin, central Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Florindo ◽  
Fabrizio Marra ◽  
Diego E. Angelucci ◽  
Italo Biddittu ◽  
Luciano Bruni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Environmental Evolution ◽  
Entire Interval ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Sedimentary Succession ◽  
Favorable Conditions

AbstractWe present the study of a composite, yet continuous sedimentary succession covering the time interval spanning 2.6–0.36 Ma in the intramontane basin of Anagni (central Italy) through a dedicated borecore, field surveys, and the review of previous data at the three palaeontological and archaeological sites of Colle Marino, Coste San Giacomo and Fontana Ranuccio. By combining the magneto- and chronostratigraphic data with sedimentologic and biostratigraphic analysis, we describe the palaeogeographic and tectonic evolution of this region during this entire interval. In this time frame, starting from 0.8 Ma, the progressive shallowing and temporary emersion of the large lacustrine basins and alluvial plains created favorable conditions for early hominin occupation of the area, as attested by abundant tool industry occurrences and fossils. This study provides new constraints to better interpret the hominin migratory dynamics and the factors that influenced the location and spatial distribution during the early occupation of this region.

scholarly journals Multidisciplinary Research of Sites and Materials of the Baraba Forest-Steppe in Holocene: To the 45th Anniversary of the West-Siberian Archaeological Detachment of the SB RAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 18-43
Author(s):  
L. N. Mylnikova ◽  
L. S. Kobeleva ◽  
M. S. Nesterova
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
State University ◽  
The West ◽  
45Th Anniversary ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
Almost All

Purpose. We show the main directions of work of the West Siberian archaeological detachment (team) of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, demonstrate the methods used and present the results and the possibilities of their interpretation. Results. In 2018, the West Siberian archaeological detachment celebrates the 45th anniversary of its formation. The long-term head of the team is academician V. I. Molodin. All studies are carried out within the framework of a multidisciplinary approach starting from the search for archaeological objects (sites Tartas-1, Vengerovo-2, -2A, -6, Staryi Tartas-5, Ust’-Tartas-1,-2; Chicha-1, Vengerovo-6 and others) to their laboratory investigation. We widely apply a range of analytical methods in all of our activities including almost all stages of research: from the search for archaeological sites to their processing in close cooperation with various scientists. We collaborate with specialists from the Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia; the Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia; the Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia; the Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia; the Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk National Research State University, Novosibirsk, Russia; the Center of Collective Use (CCU) “Geochronology of Cenozoic”, Novosibirsk, Russia; Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Ludwig-Maximilian Munich Institute, Munich, Germany; the Center of Archaeology of Kurt Engelhorn, Mannheim, Germany and others. Conсlusion. Studies of the West Siberian archaeological detachment, which were carried out over the recent two decades, have provided new data that develop existing points of view, clarify existing concepts or allow to build new concepts of historical and cultural processes. It is obvious that the modern paradigm of science requires participation of specialists in natural sciences at all stages of archaeological research.

scholarly journals USE OF FOREST SITE CAPACITY BY FORESTS OF UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Tkach ◽  
O. V. Kobets ◽  
M. G. Rumiantsev
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Natural Zones ◽  
The Right ◽  
Common Oak

The forest site capacity using was quantitatively assessed for the stands of the main forest-forming species of Ukraine, Scots pine and common oak, taking into account natural zones and forest types. The tables of productivity of modal and highly productive pine and oak stands have been developed. It has been found that the stands use an average of 50–75 % of the forest site capacity of lands. The average weighted value of the capacity used by pine forests was 68–76 % in the Polissya zone, 70–78 % and 68–73 % in the Right-bank and Left-bank Forest-Steppe zones respectively, and 54–78 % in the Steppe zone. For oak stands, the value was 71–75 % and 63–71 % for the Right-bank and Left-bank Forest-Steppe zones respectively and 65–75 % for the Steppe zone. The basis for increasing the productivity of forests was confirmed to be the differentiation of forest management systems and individual forestry activities on a zonal and typological basis.

scholarly journals A ocupação humana antiga (11-7 mil anos atrás) do Planalto Meridional Brasileiro: caracterização geomorfológica, geológica, paleoambiental e tecnológica de sítios arqueológicos relacionados a três distintas indústrias líticas

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2553
Author(s):  
Pedro Michelutti Cheliz ◽  
João Carlos Moreno de Sousa ◽  
Gabriela Sartori Mingatos ◽  
Mercedes Okumura ◽  
Astolfo Gomes de Mello Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
Lithic Artifacts ◽  
The Relationship

Com o objetivo de ponderar conexões entre quadros naturais e a ocupação humana pré-colonial, caracterizou-se os artefatos e a contextualização geomorfológica e ambiental de quatro sítios líticos vinculados a antigos registros de grupos caçadores-coletores do sul e sudeste do Brasil, associados a três distintas indústrias líticas. Elencou-se associação dos sítios com terrenos de baixos declives e altimetrias em seus respectivos contextos (terrenos mais estáveis para fixação humana), adjacentes a córregos e próximos de faixas do terreno que registram maiores inclinações e desníveis verticais, mais propensas a apresentarem afloramentos rochosos (fontes potenciais de matérias-primas para a confecção de ferramentas lascadas). Elencou-se fontes de matérias-primas nos entornos de cada sítio e as matérias-primas associadas aos artefatos, e ponderou-se a correlação entre os dois conjuntos de dados. Analisou-se a relação dos padrões tecnológicos de artefatos líticos com a caracterização petrográfica das matérias-primas, verificando-se quais silcretes semelhantes foram usadas para produção de artefatos distintos. Ainda, verificou-se que alguns dos produtos líticos de um dos sítios analisados mostram padrões tecnológicos semelhantes, mesmo quando obtidos a partir de silcretes distintos. Caracterizou-se ausência de variação significativa dos atributos tecnológicos dos artefatos registrados em diferentes posicionamentos verticais nos perfis das unidades de escavação nas quais foram registrados, mesmo quando mostram-se associados a registros paleoambientais distintos (alternâncias entre climas mais secos que os atuais e condições caracterizadas por incrementos de umidade no intervalo de 11 a 7 mil anos atrás).Palavras chave: sítios arqueológicos líticos; Holoceno Inicial, paleoclimas, ameríndios, geoarqueologia The ancient human occupation (11-7 thousand years ago) of the Southern Brazilian Plateau: geomorphological, geological, paleoenvironmental and technological characterization of archaeological sites related to three distinct lithic industries A B S T R A C T In order to discuss connections between the natural landscapes and pre-colonial human occupation, were characterized the artifacts and the geomorphological and environmental contextualization of four lithic sites linked to ancient records of hunter-gatherer groups from the south and southeast of Brazil, associated with three distinct lithic industries. The association of sites with low slopes and altimetry in their respective contexts (more stable terrains for human settlement), adjacent to rivers and close to terrains that register greater inclinations and vertical unevenness, more likely to present rocky outcrops (potential sources of raw materials for making chipped tools) was listed. Were characterized sources of raw materials in the surroundings of each site, the raw materials associated with the artifacts, and the correlation between the two data sets was considered. The relationship between the technological standards of lithic artifacts and the petrographic characterization of the raw materials was analyzed, verifying which similar raw materials were used to produce different artifacts. Also, it was found that some of the lithic products from one of the analyzed sites show similar technological patterns, even when obtained from different raw materials. There was a lack of significant variation in the technological attributes of the artifacts recorded in different vertical positions in the profiles of the excavation units in which they were recorded, even when they are associated with different paleoenvironmental records (alternations between drier climates than current and others characterized by increments in the moisture between 11 to 7 thousand years ago).Keywords: lithic archaeological sites; Initial Holocene, paleoclimates, amerindians, geoarchaeology 

Hydrological and gas regime of swamps in the conditions of forest reclamation

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Lidiya Inisheva ◽  
Leh Shaydak ◽  
Boris Babikov
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
The State ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
Forest Reclamation

The effective of forest reclamation in oligotrophic and eutrophic swamps in the southern taiga and forest-steppe zones of Western Siberia are described. The state of the hydrological and gas regime of peat deposits is analyzed. It is concluded that forest reclamation 60 years ago on oligotrophic and eutrophic swamps has little effect on the hydrological and gas regime of the reclaimed territory at this moment. These regimes are approaching to their natural state, which indicates that the area is re-waterlogged in the absence of operation of the drainage system.

NEW RADIOCARBON DATES FROM ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES IN PARTS OF IGBOLAND, SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA

Radiocarbon ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Kenechukwu Chidiogo Daniel ◽  
Anselm Maduabuchi Ibeanu ◽  
Jacinta Uchenna Ikegwu ◽  
Emuobosa Akpo Orijemie
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Iron Smelting ◽  
Subsistence Patterns ◽  
Early Human

ABSTRACT This paper presents new results of radiocarbon (14C) ages from archaeological sites in northern Igboland. The study was designed to shed more light on early human occupation and activities in the study area based on sediments from cave and iron-smelting sites. The approach consisted of ethnographic, archaeological, palynological, and slag analyses; these were complemented with 14C dates. The technology adopted as well as the paleoenvironmental conditions that prevailed during the period of human settlement in both sites was revealed. These data, complemented by 14C dates, highlight the human behavioral and subsistence patterns within the region and are comparable to those from similar sites in southeastern Nigeria.

Composition and sources of dissolved organic matter of bog waters in the Southern Taiga of Western Siberia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Serebrennikova ◽  
I. V. Russkikh ◽  
E. B. Strel’nikova ◽  
Y. A. Kharanzhevskaya ◽  
E. S. Voistinova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Bog Waters
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